Biol1604-Lab Practical 2-Chordata, Vertebrata, Amphibians

Common name for Order Gymnophiona

Caecilians

How many chambers does a frog heart have? Is the circulatory system open or closed?

It has 3 chambers and the circulatory system is closed

Orders in Class Amphibia

Order Urodela Order Anura Order Gymnophiona

Common name for Order Urodela

Salamanders

List 3 defining characteristics of amphibians.

cold blooded moist skin live on land and in water, but can't live in hot areas

Common names for Order Anura

frogs and toads (adults)

What organ, in addition to the lungs, do frogs use to supplement gas exchange?

the skin

Which features of the skeletal system in frogs represent specific adaptations for jumping?

the tenth vertebrae, the long urostyle

Other names for Salamanders

-Necturus -Mudpuppies -waterdogs

Characteristics of Class Amphibia

-Skin with mucoid secretions (most and usually no external scales -Larvae usually aquatic -Adults are aquatic, semi-terrestrial, or terrestrial -Adults are tetrapods (4 limbs) -3 chambered heart -Respiration by lungs, gills, skin, and mouth lining

Know the function of the following organs for a frog

-Tympanic Membrane: allows frog to hear in air and water -Eyelids: keep eyes moist and clean; 3rd eyelid helps frogs see underwater -Gallbladder: stores bile produced by the liver -Duodenum: Receives secretions from liver and pancreas for breakdown of food from the stomach -Jejunoileum: Site of complete digestion, where most absorption takes place -Large intestine: Site of absorption of water and vitamins and ions

Characteristics of Order Gymnophiona

-body limbless and wormlike -small scales present in some species -tail absent

Characteristics of Order Urodela

-body with head, trunk, and long tail -usually 2 pairs of equal sized limbs -some respire through skin -some salamanders retain larval characteristics into adulthood (external gills, no eyelids, lateral line, fin-like tail)

Characteristics of Order Anura

-head and trunk fused -tail absent -two pairs of limbs; hindlimbs elongated -large mouth and lungs -anuran tongues attached at the front of the mouth for projection to capture prey

What is the functional difference between a cloaca and an anus?

cloaca is the common chamber for the release of urine, feces, and gametes. The anus only releases the feces from the body.