Biological Bases of Behavior: Genetics
Chromosome
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Trait
A characteristic mode of behavior, mannerism, or physical feature determined from genetics.
c
A characteristic mode of behavior, mannerism, or physical feature determined from genetics. a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Trait
Down's Syndrome
A genetic disorder caused by the extra copies of chromosome 21; typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.
a
A genetic disorder caused by the extra copies of chromosome 21; typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. a) Down's Syndrome b) Huntington's Chorea
Down's Syndrome
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21; associated with intellectual disability and characteristic facial features.
a
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21; associated with intellectual disability and characteristic facial features. a) Down's Syndrome b) Huntington's Chorea
Dominant Trait
A genetic trait that will be shown if present in the genotype; will mask, or cover up, a recessive trait if one is present.
Heritability Coefficent
A maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in a particular population.
Huntington's Chorea
A neurodegenerative genetic disorder of the basal ganglia; caused by a mutation in either of an individual's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin.
b
A neurodegenerative genetic disorder of the basal ganglia; caused by a mutation in either of an individual's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin. a) Down's Syndrome b) Huntington's Chorea
Huntington's Chorea
A neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to mental decline and behavioral symptom.
a
A neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to mental decline and behavioral symptom. a) Down's Syndrome b) Huntington's Chorea
Heritability Coefficent
A rough measure of the proportion of variation among a population that can be attributed to genetic effects.
a
A shared environment occurs when people living in a household all interact with the same environment. This: a) Increases Heritability b) Decreases Heritability
Chromosome
A structure in the nucleus containing DNA which transmits genetic information; 46 are present in humans, including the two (XX or XY) which determine the sex of the organism.
Recessive Trait
A trait less likely to be expressed in an offspring.
Dominant Trait
A trait more likely to be expressed in an offspring.
Recessive Trait
A trait that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of the gene associated with the trait, one copy from each parent.
Recessive Trait
A trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited.
Chromosome
An organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism; 46 are present in healthy individuals.
Trait
Any characteristic quality or condition that is genetically determined.
c
Any characteristic quality or condition that is genetically determined. a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Trait
Trait
Distinctive characteristics or behavior patterns determined by genetics.
c
Distinctive characteristics or behavior patterns determined by genetics. a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Trait
Heritability
Estimate the sources of differences among people, but only for a particular population; cannot be generalized.
Trait
Genetically determined characteristics; may be behavior or physical.
c
Genetically determined characteristics; may be behavior or physical. a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Trait
Heritability
Increases when genetics are contributing more variation or because non-genetic factors are contributing less variation.
Phenotype
The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors.
b
The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Genotype
The combination of alleles located on chromosomes that determines a specific characteristic or trait.
a
The combination of alleles located on chromosomes that determines a specific characteristic or trait. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Genotype
The complete genetic constitution of an organism or group, as determined by the specific combination and location of the genes on the chromosomes.
a
The complete genetic constitution of an organism or group, as determined by the specific combination and location of the genes on the chromosomes. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Environmentality
The degree to which a trait's expression is caused by the environment in which an organism lives.
Phenotype
The expression of a specific trait, such as stature or blood type, based on genetic and environmental influences.
b
The expression of a specific trait, such as stature or blood type, based on genetic and environmental influences. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Heritability
The extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait across several people can be accounted for by differences in their genes.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles.
a
The genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Genotype
The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism.
a
The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
a
The heritability coefficient ranges from: a) 0 (no genetic contribution) to 1 (all differences due to genetic contribution) b) 0 (no genetic contribution) to 100 (all differences due to genetic contribution)
a
The heritability coefficient ranges from: a) 0 to 1 b) 0 to 100 c) 100 to 0 d) 1 to 0
Genotype
The inherited instructions an organism carries within its genome.
a
The inherited instructions an organism carries within its genome. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Phenotype
The observable characteristics, at the physical, morphologic, or biochemical level, of an individual, as determined by the genotype and environment.
b
The observable characteristics, at the physical, morphologic, or biochemical level, of an individual, as determined by the genotype and environment. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Phenotype
The observable physical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.
b
The observable physical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Phenotype
The outward, visible expression of the hereditary constitution of an organism.
b
The outward, visible expression of the hereditary constitution of an organism. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Environmentality
The percentage of observed variance in a group of individuals that can be attributed to environmental differences.
Phenotype
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
b
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
Dominant Trait
The trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited.
Heritability
The variation in a phenotypic trait in a population is due to genetic variation among individuals in that population.
Chromosome
Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission of genetic information.
Chromosome
Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell; contain genetic material that controls the inheritance of traits.
b
Non-shared environment occurs when facets of a surrounding climate are not shared by individuals. a) Increases Heritability b) Decreases Heritability
Heritability
Not a fixed number; varies with genetic contribution relative to environmental contribution.
Non-Shared Environment
Occurs when facets of a surrounding climate are not shared by individuals; decreases heritability.
Shared Environment
Occurs when people living in a household all interact with the same environment; causes an increase in heritability.
Heritability
Refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment.
