Biology 101 Chapter 11: DNA: The Genetic Material
Select all of the following that are true of the base pairs of a DNA molecule.
- G pairs with C.- A pairs with T.- Base pairs project toward the middle of a DNA strand.
Select all of the following that are large organic bases known as purines in DNA.
- adenine - guanine
Select all of the following that are characteristics of a DNA molecule.
- contains base pairs- has a sugar-phosphate backbone- double-stranded helix- contains deoxyribose sugars
Put the following steps of DNA replication into the correct order, beginning with the first step at the top.
-Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix. -The new strand is begun by a primer -The DNA polymerase adds the correct complementary nucleotide. The primer are removed, and segments of newly synthesize DNA are joined.
Select all of the ways that CRISPR technology can be used.
-alter complementary base-pairing rules -modify which amino acid is encoded by each codon on the mRNA move genes from one part of a genome to another
What enzyme functions in unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
helicase
tautomeric shift
hydrogen atoms move to form a base with altered hydrogen bonding properties.
DNA is a long chain of subunits called ______.
nucleotides
What subunits make up DNA?
nucleotides
Select all the components of a DNA nucleotide.
organic base phosphate group deoxyribose sugar
What is a characteristic of double-stranded DNA?
2 nanometers in width 10 base pairs per turn 0.34 nanometers per base pair 2 nanometers in width and 10 base pairs per turn R// All of the answer choices are correct.
The DNA molecule is a double , a structure that resembles a winding staircase of two strands.
Helix
If one strand in a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases TTACGCTA, what is the sequence of the other strand?
AATGCGAT
The addition of what key component to an endonuclease gene drive could cause a gene preventing transmission of malaria to not only be inserted into a mosquito and passed on to its offspring but also to be passed on to all future descendants of the offspring?
CRISPR
What enzyme adds the correct complementary nucleotide to the newly formed DNA strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What enzyme is indicated by the black arrow on this image of a DNA replication fork?
DNA polymerase
What enzyme is responsible for assembling a new strand of complementary nucleotides on each old strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
After DNA polymerase synthesizes new segments of DNA and the RNA primers are removed, an enzyme called RNA polymerase joins together the newly synthesized segments of DNA on the lagging strand.
False Reason: The enzyme that joins segments together on the lagging strand is called ligase. Refer to section 11.2.
What DNA molecule would be the most stable?
GCGTGCAC CGCACGTG
If the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is CGAT, the sequence of the complementary strand is
GCTA
The short DNA segments formed on the discontinuously replicated strand are called
Okazaki fragments.
Select all of the following that are the same in every nucleotide of DNA.
Phosphate Sugar
Select all the observations of Chargaff's rule.
The amount of A equals the amount of T. The amount of G equals the amount of C.
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide can result in a different amino acid being added into a protein.
True
Asymmetrical spacing of the backbones of the DNA double helix generates major and minor grooves.
True
DNA mutations are passed on to daughter cells produced by mitosis.
True
DNA replication results in two identical daughter molecules each consisting of one old (original) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
True
Double-stranded DNA consists of two antiparallel strands, meaning that one strand is oriented in the 5´ to 3´ direction, while the other is oriented in the 3´ to 5´ direction.
True
The point where separation of the DNA occurs is called the replication fork.
True
After a tautomeric shift in adenine
adenine bonds with cytosine
In Watson and Crick's model of DNA, the DNA molecule keeps a constant thickness because ______.
base pairs always consists of a purine and a pyrimidine
A pairs with T and not C because ______.
both A and T form two hydrogen bonds
A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA
changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting in a different codon.
If the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is GCGTAA, then the sequence of the other strand is CGCATT due to ______.
complementarity
Select all of the following that are small, single-ringed, organic bases known as pyrimidines in DNA.
cytosine thymine
What order represents how the components of a DNA nucleotide are connected?
phosphate-sugar-base
Chargaff suggested that DNA had equal amounts of purines and pyrimidines, which Watson and Crick confirmed when they stated that a bulky ______ on one strand pairs with a slender ______ on the other strand of DNA.
purine; pyrimidine
Adenine and guanine are the large, double-ringed, organic bases called ______ in the nucleotides of DNA.
purines
Cytosine and thymine are the small, single-ringed, organic bases called ______ found in DNA nucleotides.
pyrimidines
The copying of DNA before cell division is called DNA ______. Multiple choice question.
replication
In the DNA double helix, the ______ form the backbone strands, and the ______ face each other in the middle.
sugars and phosphate groups; bases
The complementarity of DNA refers to the fact that ______.
the base sequence on one strand of DNA completely determines the base sequence on the other strand
DNA replication
the copying of DNA before cell division.
Chargaff's rule says that in a molecule of DNA, ______.
there are equal amounts of purines and pyrimidines
How many hydrogen bonds exist between cytosine and guanine?
three
What is the function of the enzyme primase during DNA replication?
to add an RNA primer to enable replication of DNA
How many hydrogen bonds occur between adenine and thymine?
two
