Biology 101 Final Hoover

Rod-like

What shape does a bacillus bacterium have?

Sphere-like

What shape does a cocci bacterium have?

Spiral-like

What shape does a spiral bacterium have?

Mortality, Incidence

When discussing cancer, (WORD) is the number of deaths, while (WORD) is the number of new cases diagnosed in a given time period

Endoderm

Which germ layer eventually gives rise to the lining of the intestines?

Glucagon

Which hormone would you expect your body to release if you hadn't eaten 24 hours?

Injection

Which method of immunity acquisition can be categorized as either active or passive, depending upon the substance transferred?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following correctly follows the path of food through the body?

Cordyceps

Which of the following fungi are responsible for killing insects in a beautiful and terrifying way?

C-G, A-T

Which of the following is correct for DNA base pairing?

Preanal tail

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates?

Mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria

Which of the following is not a component of the cell theory?

Humans evolved from apes

Which of the following is not one of Darwin's five postulates?

Genes are carried by DNA, which is the molecule responsible for genetic inheritance

Which of the following is not one of Mendel's hypotheses?

It can be proven true

Which of the following is not true about a hypothesis?

Porifera

Which of the following phyla contains the simplest creatures, which lack tissues, symmetry, and motility in the adult form?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following shows the correct order of mitosis?

Can be controlled with diet and exercise

Which of the following statements is not true concerning type 1 diabetes?

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones

Which of the following statements is true concerning rods and cones of the human eye?

Phinease Gage

Which unfortunate chap had a railroad spike remove most of his frontal lobe in a horrific workplace accident, ultimately helping researchers link specific regions of the brain to specific behaviors/functions?

Wallace

Who also formulated the idea of natural selection while in a malaria-induced daze?

If scientists build their assumptions on falsified data, their conclusions are not valid.

Why is scientific integrity essential to the scientific method?

"Bushmeat"

Wild-caught (often endangered) animals that are captured or snared by hunters - gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, porcupines

Stabilizing

^ shape graph

Disruptive

^I^ shape graph

primary succession

ecological succession in places where no plants have ever grown

secondary succession

ecological succession in places where plants have ever grown

Bioaccumulation

increase in concentration of a pollutant in an organism

Bioamplification

increase in concentration of a substance as you move up the food chain

Theory, Hypothesis

(WORD) and (WORD) are important themes in biology because they describe both the surprising interrelatedness and adaptability of all living organisms.

Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic

(WORD) disease is localized to a region or population, while a (WORD) disease occurs in a large number of people in a region or population at the same time. (WORD) disease affects many people around the world at the same time

Steroid, Peptide

(WORD) hormones can cross the cell membrane, (WORD) hormones cannot.

Acquired, Innate

(WORD) immune defenses involve antibodies, while (WORD) immune defenses include physical barriers.

Prion

(WORD) is an infectious, often slow-acting, misfiled protein which can be acquired by eating infected nervous system tissue. Zombies are likely loaded with them.

Diploid, Haploid

(WORD) means two sets of chromosomes are present in a cell, while (WORD) means only one set is present

Central Dogma

(WORD) of biology sates that DNA codes for mRNA, which codes for proteins.

Known, Recessive

A monohybrid test cross always involves an individual with an unknown genotype and a (WORD) phenotype, crossed with another individual with a known (WORD) phenotype.

Is widely accepted by scientists because multiple datasets support it

A scientific theory:

Ecology Ecosystem

A spatially-defined interacting ecological community plus the nonliving parts of its environment

all statements are true

A viroid is:

Ecology Population

All of the organisms of a species that occupy a particular place at a particular time

ecology community

All of the populations that interact within an area

FALSE

All plants have motile sperm

Inflammatory

Allergies can be described as an improper (WORD) response to a nonpathogenic substance

Translation

is the process of converting mRNA to protein

Transcription

is the process of producing mRNA from DNA

ATCG

Given the DNA nucleotide sequence AAGTGCT, provide the correct DNA base pairing

Biotic potential

How fast a population can reproduce

3

How many domains make up all known life?

92

How many total chromosomes does a human cell have during mitotic prophase?

F2

In the monohybrid crosses below, name the generation shown in red. AA x aa --> Aa x Aa --> Aa x aa

Moas

Large wingless birds with long necks, beaks with broad spear points, covered in soft feathers

Bison

Largest terrestrial animal in North America

Four, Haploid

Meiosis produces (WORD) (WORD) cells

Metastasis

occurs when tumor cells creak free of surrounding tissue and colonize new areas of the body

Gram positive cells

very thick cell wall, stain dark purple

Gram negative cells

very thin cell walls, stain pink

Energy flow in an ecosystem

Only 10% of the energy available to an organism is stored in its tissues and can be passed to the next consumer in the food chain Solar energy > producers > consumers > decomposers > inorganic nutrient pool

SO2, NO3, NO

Pollutants which contribute to acid rain

Passenger Pigeons

Previously one of the most numerous bird species in the world

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death, a process which is overridden by cancer, is named:

Ecology Biome

Regional ecosystem characterized by dominant vegetation and controlled by a similar climate

Biological

The (WORD) species classification system is based on the idea that organisms from different species cannot successfully interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Carrying capacity (k)

The ability of an environment to provide the conditions necessary to sustain and support a population of a certain size

Oxygen

The difference between the sugars for DNA and RNA is a single atom of:

Ecology biosphere

The global ecosystem composed of all of Earth's ecosystems and biomes

Venae cavae > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries

Trace the path of blood through the body, beginning at the venue cavae

Animal, Plant, Fungi

Arrange the following kingdoms based on their number of phyla and known species, from high to low.

rainfall, typical vegetation, temperature

Biome

Ecology Definition

Branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings

Golden Lion Tamarin

Brazilian rain forest is now 7% of the size it was when Europeans arrived

Atlantic Cod

Fish that lives in cold, deep sea waters

High, Malignant

The two characteristics shared by all forms of cancer include: abnormally (WORD) levels of cell division and (WORD) tumors which detach from neighboring cells to invade other tissues

Crossing Over

The variation in gametes produced by meiosis is greatly increased by what process?