Biology 101 With A Lab Ch. 14 The Musculoskeletal, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive & Excretory Systems

Why would damaged epithelium be covered with a bandage?

To simulate the covering and protective aspects of epithelium.

What is the purpose of the systemic circuit of the human body?

To supply blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the body.

In the lungs, after oxygen leaves the air, where does it travel next?

To the film of water that coats the alveoli

For blood to become oxygenated, which of the following events occurs first?

Oxygen is dissolved in the alveoli

What forms must carbohydrates and proteins take to be absorbed by the small intestine?

monosaccharides and amino acids

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organism?

(All of the answers are correct). Responding to stimuli Maintaining homeostasis Reproducing

The epithelial cells in the small intestine have finger-like projections (villi) that increase the surface area of the small intestine. Why is it important that the small intestine have a large surface area?

A larger surface area increases the absorption capacity of the intestines

When does maximum secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach occur?

After food has entered the stomach.

If a sample of blood is deoxygenated, where is it likely to be found in the circulatory system of the human body?

At the beginning of the pulmonary circuit.

f a sample of blood is deoxygenated, where is it likely to be found in the circulatory system of the human body?

At the beginning of the pulmonary circuit.

Which of the following is a true statement about bones?

Bones are used as lever arms to facilitate body movements.

As the trachea enters the lungs, it splits into two smaller tubes called _____.

Bronchi

Which of the following is smallest in size?

Bronchioles

How is digesting food moved along the small intestine?

By peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscle to push food forward

Which of the following explains how the kidney concentrates urea in the renal tubules?

By reabsorbing water from the renal tubules. By actively transporting it into the renal tubules.

Which of the following is a key difference between cardiac muscle and other muscle types?

Cardiac muscle cells pass electrical signals to each other

What differentiates cardiac muscle from smooth muscle?

Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, and smooth muscle is found elsewhere.

Which of the following types of tissue is found in the heart?

Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Nervous tissue (All the answers are correct).

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Converting ammonia into urea.

Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?

Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.

Which of the following is a function of the systemic circuit?

Distributing nutrients and oxygen to cells

Which of the following structures connects the pharynx to the stomach?

Esophagus

Which of the following statements best describes a tissue?

Groups of cells that share a common structure and function

How is the process of trapping particles in mucus in the lungs is helpful?

It helps keep bacteria, viruses, and pollution from damaging our lungs.

Which of the following is NOT filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

Large molecules

A(n) _____ is a structure composed of several different tissues that work together.

Organ

Which of the following is secreted by the epithelial cells of the stomach?

Pepsinogen Hydrochloric acid Mucus (All of these are correct).

Which of the following is NOT a function of an epithelial tissue?

To serve as a base to support other tissue types

The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the:

Pyloric sphincter

All of the following are functions of the mouth, EXCEPT:

Release fatty acids

What do amylase and pepsin have in common?

Salivary glands release saliva that contains amylase, a digestive enzyme found in saliva that breaks large polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks proteins down into smaller peptides inside the stomach.

You are looking through a microscope at slides with samples of muscle tissue. One sample has striated muscle cells. You know that this muscle tissue sample could have come from:

The hamstring

Dialysis closely mimics the function of which organ?

The kidney

Which of the following BEST explains how a muscle cell exerts force?

The muscle cell shortens or contracts and exerts a pulling force on whatever is attached to both ends.

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the human excretory system?

The pharynx

The circulation of blood from the right side of the human heart to the lungs and back to the heart completes which circuit?

The pulmonary circuit

Which part of the following human body is NOT considered a part of the circulatory system?

The thyroid

Which of the following explains how a person straightens his arm at the elbow?

The triceps muscle contracts, pulling the ulna away from the upper arm while the biceps muscle is relaxed.

Which of the following explains why humans are unable to absorb enough oxygen through their skin?

There is not enough surface area.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of alveoli?

They are tube shaped.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of multicellular organisms?

They can be composed of one type of tissue.

What is the job of the human body's pulmonary circuit?

To carry blood to the lungs so carbon dioxide can be released and oxygen can be picked up.

Which of the following does the large intestine most likely absorb in digestion?

Water

Inactive precursors of enzymes that often activated by other enzymes in the duodenum are known as _____.

Zymogens

The two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lobes of the lung are known as _____.

bronchi

The glomeruli and renal tubules play an important part in which of the following bodily functions?

filtering blood

A/an _____ is a group of organs and tissues that work together to perform a major function of the organism.

organ system

Secretions from the _____, called _____, neutralize acid from the stomach in the small intestine.

pancreas, bicarbonate

What problem would be caused by a lack of cartilage in someone's body?

their movement would be hindered, and their bones rub together.

What is one reason that enzymes are present in the small intestine?

to break down protein to amino acids