Biology 110 chap 14-15 review

What is the complement to 5'-CGTAGTA-3': A) 5'-GCATCAT-3' B) 3'-ATGATGC-5' C) 3'-GCATCAT-5' D) 3'-CGTAGTA-5'

3'-GCATCAT-5'

A DNA nucleotide is made up of A) deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base B) a nitrogenous base C) deoxyribose and a phosphate D) a phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base

a phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base

A gene is A) a single strand of DNA B) a chromosome C) a sequence of nucleotides D) a double strand of DNA

a sequence of nucleotides

The genetic code A) contains 20 codons that specify the 20 amino acids B) contains 64 codons that specify 20 amino acids, start codons, and stop codons C) contains 64 codons that specify 64 amino acids D) varies from species to species

contains 64 codons that specify 20 amino acids, start codons, and stop codons

Transcription A) requires an RNA primer B) is facilitated by DNA polymerase C) continues until the end of the DNA molecule is reached D) occurs in an antiparallel fashion

occurs in an antiparallel fashion

Bacterial DNA replication involves one origin of replication in circular DNA and synthesis in one direction multiple origins of replication in circular DNA and synthesis in both directions one origin of replication in circular DNA and synthesis in both directions one origin of replication in linear DNA and synthesis in both directions

one origin of replication in circular DNA and synthesis in both directions

The backbone of DNA is made up of alternating A) nitrogenous bases and sugars B) sugars and phosphates C) adenine and thymine D) nitrogenous bases and phosphates

sugars and phosphates

Nucleotides are added to the __ end of the elongating strand A) 3' B) 5' C) both 3' and 5 ' D) either the 3' or the 5'

3'

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5′ − AGATCCG- 3′? A) 5′ − TCTAGGC- 3′ B) 3′ − AGATCCG- 5′ C) 5′ − AGATCCG- 3′ D) 3′ − TCTAGGC- 5′

3′ − TCTAGGC- 5′

If a DNA segment being transcribed is 3'TACTGATCTTTA5' the transcript would be A) 5'ATGACTAGAAAT3' B) 3'ATGACTAGAAAT5' C) 3'AUGACUAGAAAU5' D) 5'AUGACUAGAAAU3'

5'AUGACUAGAAAU3'

Which of the following statements is true about mutations? A) Mutations do not occur spontaneously; they are caused by mutagens B) A frameshift mutation can cause missense or nonsense mutations. C) Base substitutions involve insertions or deletions of bases D) All mutations are bad

A frameshift mutation can cause missense or nonsense mutations.

Given the following steps, which order of events is correct for translation? A. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small ribosomal submunit B. When the stop codon is reached the polypeptide is released C. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA D. The initiator tRNA binds to the start codon E. The polypeptide elongates as tRNA's bring in amino acids A) C then D then A then E then B B) C then D then A then B then E C) D then C then A then E then B D) A then C then D then E then B

C then D then A then E then B

Which statement abut DNA replication is true? A) DNA is replicated immediately after cell division B) DNA is replicated prior to mitosis or meiosis C) Only certain genes are copied D) DNA is replicated continuously through the cell cycle

DNA is replicated prior to mitosis or meiosis

Nucleotides are added to the newly forming strand by A) ligase B) DNA polymerase C) primase D) helicase

DNA polymerase

Semiconservative means A) DNA replication results in two DNA molecules that are made completely new B) DNA replication results in a DNA molecule made up of one new strand and one parental strand C) sometimes the parent DNA serves as a template and sometimes it doesn't D) DNA replication results in two DNA molecules; one is parental and the other is newly formed

DNA replication results in a DNA molecule made up of one new strand and one parental strand

Which of the following statements is true? A) Nucleotide excision repair is the way DNA polymerase does its proofreading B) Unrepaired mismatches will not be copied in subsequent replications C) Mismatch repair is used to fix DNA damaged by UV radiation or chemicals D) Nucleotide excision repair is used to fix DNA damaged by UV radiation or chemicals

Nucleotide excision repair is used to fix DNA damaged by UV radiation or chemicals

Which of the following statements about RNA is true? A) RNA is double stranded B) There are three types of RNA C) RNA contains deoxyribose D) RNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

There are three types of RNA

Which of the following statements is true? A) Only coding sequences are transcribed B) While a eukaryotic transcript codes for one polypeptide a prokaryotic transcirpt may code for several polypeptides C) The same strand of DNA contains all the genes in that chromosome D) Both strands of DNA in a protein coding region comprise the gene

While a eukaryotic transcript codes for one polypeptide a prokaryotic transcirpt may code for several polypeptides

Transfer RNA is A) a globular form of RNA that partly makes up a ribosome B) a single strand of RNA that carries the information for making a protein C) a double strand of RNA D) a single strand of RNA that bonds with an amino acid and carries it to the ribosome

a single strand of RNA that bonds with an amino acid and carries it to the ribosome

Messenger RNA is A) a single strand of RNA that bonds with an amino acid and carries it to the ribosome B) a double strand of RNA C) a single strand of RNA that carries the information for making a protein D) a globular form of RNA that partly makes up a ribosome

a single strand of RNA that carries the information for making a protein

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that carries the information to make a protein or RNA product with a specific function is a A) chromosome B) codon C) transcript D) gene

gene

DNA is unwound by A) ligase B) DNA polymerase C) helicase D) primase

helicase

Transcription and translation is different in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes because A) translation in prokaryotes occurs well after transcription has completed B) in prokaryotes only one ribosome attaches to the transcript C) in prokaryotes translation begins before transcription has finished and several ribosomes translate each mRNA D) there is extensive RNA processing in prokaryotes

in prokaryotes translation begins before transcription has finished and several ribosomes translate each mRNA

DNA A) contains the sugar ribose B) is made up of amino acids C) is single stranded in prokaryotic cells D) is double stranded

is double stranded

A codon A) is an exact copy of an anticodon B) is made up of three consecutive bases in DNA C) is made up of three consecutive bases in mRNA D) is made up of three consecutive bases in tRNA

is made up of three consecutive bases in mRNA

Okazaki fragments are spliced together by A) helicase B) primase C) ligase D) DNA polymerase

ligase

Which of the following is made from DNA? A) mRNA and tRNA B) mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA C) mRNA only D) tRNA and rRNA

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Telomeres are A) enzymes that add DNA B) RNA primers C) noncoding regions at the ends of DNA molecules D) coding regions at the ends of DNA molecules

noncoding regions at the ends of DNA molecules

The eukaryotic transcript is modified by A) removal of introns B) removal of a 5' cap C) removal of exons D) removal of adenine-containing nucleotides

removal of introns

Adenine forms a complementary pair with ____________ in RNA and _____________ in DNA. A) uracil; thymine B) uracil; uracil C) thymine; thymine D) thymine; uracil

uracil; thymine