Biology 1101: Quiz 5 & 6

If the probability of a point mutation in a species were 10^-8 per base pair per generation and each gamete in that species contained 3 x 10^-8 base pairs, how many new point mutations would you expect per gamete per generation?

3

DNA is now often used as evidence in criminal trials. It is particularly useful because it can be found in

All of the above (Hair, Saliva, Bone, Dead skin cells)

A person's unique DNA is carried within some of the cells and tissues of their body. These include all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the above contain a person's DNA (intestines, skin cells, blood, saliva)

When a triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is GCA, the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed from it is:

CGU

Which of the following correctly describes the locations of transcription and translation within a eukaryotic cell?

DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, then the mRNA transcript is transported to the cytosol to be translated into protein.

The central dogma of molecular biology states that:

DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except:

DNA was the first genetic material (*that would be self replicating RNA)

If a cell becomes arrested within the cell cycle because it is unable to replicate its DNA, which of the stages would you predict it would become arrested in?

Gap 1 phase

Which of the following statements about dominant traits is correct? A) They increase in frequency over evolutionary time. B) They are observed more frequently than recessive traits. C) They are observed one-quarter as frequently as heterozygous traits. D) They are observed less frequently than recessive traits. E) None of the above is correct.

None of the above

Which of the following are always the same in every unit of the DNA molecule?

Only a) and c) are always the same (the sugar and phosphate group)

Genetic markers are often used to predict the likelihood that a person will develop an inherited illness. Using this information, what is a reasonable definition of a genetic marker?

Only a) and c) are reasonable definitions of "genetic marker." --> a detectable genetic sequence shared by all family members that have a certain disease but not by members that do not have that disease. & A detectable genetic sequence that is linked to the allele that causes a particlular disease

The yeast genome is approximately 1/250 the size of the human genome and yet it contains approximately 1/5 the number of genes. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for this?

The yeast genome contains much less intergenic DNA and fewer introns.

A "pseudogene" is best defined as:

a DNA sequence that arose from a duplication of a functional gene, but which itself is not expressed.

To get from a gene to a protein, two processes must occur: transcription, in which _______________, and translation, in which ______________.

a copy of the gene's sequence of bases is made; that copy is used to direct the production of a protein

Most genes come in alternative forms called:

alleles

Alternate versions of a gene are called _______________. They can code for different ________________ of the same character.

alleles; traits

Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?

both a) and c) are correct. (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine)

A cross between homozygous red eyed flies and homozygous white eyed flies results in progeny that all have red eyes. This result demonstrates:

dominance

The law of segregation states that:

each of two alleles for a given trait segregate into different gametes.

Genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation are all examples of

epigenetics

The highest percentage of non-coding DNA is found in:

eukaryotes, with the exception of yeasts

Using traditional cross-breeding techniques, scientists have been able to create featherless chickens. Which of the following has NOT been shown to be a problem with them?

featherless chicken have trouble digesting corn.

The technique in which a non-functioning gene is replaced by a functioning gene in somatic cells is called:

gene therapy

The complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are stabilized by:

hydrogen bonds

Gene therapy involves:

introducing non-defective genes into the cells of an individual with a genetic disorder.

The double helix model of DNA suggested by Watson and Crick was exciting to the scientific community because:

it explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the complementary strands.

In humans, genes make up ______ of the DNA.

less than 5%

An important difference between mRNA and DNA is:

mRNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA

A mutation that involves the addition, subtraction, or substitution of a single base is known as:

point mutation

Genotype is to phenotype as:

recipe is to cookie

The combination of DNA from two or more sources is called:

recombinant DNA

A frameshift mutation:

results from an insertion or deletion in a DNA sequence.

transgenic bacteria are bacteria:

that have a sequence of DNA from another organism inserted into them

DNA is a macromolecule that stores information. Which component of the DNA is the source of this information?

the base

Transcription is like copying a recipe onto a notecard, EXCEPT:

the copy is made in code.

A young scientist has discovered a new species of grub worm in the Amazon. He would like to explore the possibility that in this grub worm the codon CUC is the start codon and codes for methionine not leucine as it does in other worms. He has been unable to get his research funded to date most likely because:

the genetic code is universal to all species.

A gene that makes jellyfish glow in the dark can make animal cells do likewise. This means that:

the jellyfish genetic material is the same as ours

Bt corn is a genetically engineered plant. What feature gives it value as a crop plant?

the plant produces a toxin designed to kill corn borers

In order for translation to occur:

there must be large numbers of free amino acids present in the cytosol.

One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is replaced by

thymine, replaced by uracil

The mechanism by which the information contained in DNA is coded into a complementary RNA copy is called

transcription

The expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in two major steps. What are these two steps in their correct chronological order?

transcription and then translation

From DNA to protein involves which series of events?

transcription, translation