Biology 1202 Test 2

cellulose, centrioles

Fungus-like protists aren't fungi, because the protists have _________ in their cell walls and possess __________, whereas fungi do not. Cellulose; flagella Chitin; centrioles Chtin; flagella Cellulose; centrioles Chitin; cilia

antibiotic resistance

Plasmids of bacteria often have genes involved in: Reproduction Motility Viral resistance Antibiotic resistance Photosynthesis

asexually

Trypanosomes: Asexually Sexually Both a and b Do not reproduce By mating

diplomonads

The ___________ are zooflagellates that are very primitive and may give biologists clues as to the evolutionary relationships between the prokaryotes and the protists. Cryptomonads Chrysophytes Diplomonads Water molds Slime molds

plasmids

Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome. Capsids Plasmids Chromatids Pili Centromeres

pili

Small hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria are called: Capsids Pili Chromatids Plasmids Virons

coenocytic

Some green algae, known as Codium, attain very large sizes, but are a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as: Mycelium Alternation of generations Multicellular Coenocytic Colonial

protists

Water molds are members of the kingdom __________________. Protists Fungi Plantae Eubacteria Animalia

destroy bacteria

Virulent (lytic) phages: Infect viruses Destroy bacteria Infect, but do not destroy bacteria. Infect virions Infect prions

paraphyletic

Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom: Paraphyletic Monophyletic Composed of only unicells Composed of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes Entirely microscopic

protists

First eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were: Fungi Protists Endosymbionts Plants

contains a certain prophage DNA

the bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it: Is infected by lytic bacteria. Is infected by certain retroviruses. Contains a certain prophage DNA. Is irradiated by UV radiation Is infected by prions.

rhodophyta

Coralline forms of members of this phylum are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs. Rhodophyta Phaeophyta Dinoflagellata Euglenophyta Chlorophyte

~prion

Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a: ~bacterium. ~bacteriophage. ~retrovirus. ~viroid. ~prion.

rhizarians

Members of this group typically consist of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend. ~rhizarians ~archaeplastids ~unikonts ~euglenoids ~opisthokonts

rhodophyta

Members of this phylum are typically multicellular and have phycoerythrin and phycocyanin as their accessory photosynthetic pigments. Rhodophyta Phaeophyta Dinoflagellata Euglenophyta Chlorophyte

zooxanthellae

Dinoflagellates that contribute substantially to the productivity of coral reefs are ______________. Zooxanthellae Apicomplexans Sporozites Ciliates None of the above

~purple; peptidoglycan

Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls. ~green; peptidoglycan ~purple; peptidoglycan ~green; cellulose ~purple; polysaccharides ~red; polysaccharides.

anisogamy

Green algae exhibit alternation of generations and varied sexual reproduction. When their sexual reproduction involves the fusion of flagellated gametes of different sizes, it is known as: Oogamy Anisogamy Isogamy Heterogamy Fission

~apicomplexan

Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________. ~apicomplexan; fly ~apicomplexan; mosquito ~apicomplexan; body louse ~actinopod; fly ~ actinopod; mosquito

parasitism

symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another is called: Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism None of the above

giardia

Backpackers' diarrhea, a common infection among campers and hikers, particularly in the mountains of the western United States, is caused by ______________. Plasmodium Amoeba Euglena Trypanosomas Giardia

cellular storage compounds

Classification of algae into the various protist phyla is based on their photosynthetic pigments and: Cellular storage compounds Presence of cell walls Where they live The diseases they cause The presence of DNA or RNA

~do not always destroy their host

Temperate viruses: ~always destroy their host immediately. ~are considered virulent. ~do not always destroy their host. ~do not undergo a lysogenic cycle. ~Always undergo a lytic cycle.

~lipids; translation

The Archaea differ from the Bacteria and eukaryotes by having different __________ in their cell membranes, but the archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their __________ process. ~sugars; replication sugars; transcription ~lipids; replication ~lipids; translation ~proteins; transcription

~overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses

Viral proteins can damage host cells by: ~increasing the rate of fermentation within the host. ~producing endotoxins. ~causing a decline in coordination and increased irritability. ~preventing transcription of viral nucleic acids. ~overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses.

extreme thermophile

__________ Archae are typically found in abnormally hot environments. Extreme halophile Extreme thermophile Pyrrhanogen Metanogen Any of the above

binary fission

the most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is: Binary fission Transformation Transduction Conjugation Mitosis

~is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA

A prophage: ~is phage DNA that is integrated into viral DNA. ~is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA. ~replicates only when the eukaryotic cell it infects replicates. ~is an underdeveloped lytic virus. ~is a bacterial cell about to lyse.

~the plasma membrane

Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on: ~the nuclear membranes. ~the endoplasmic reticulum. ~the plasma membrane. ~ribosomes. ~the cell wall.

~degeneration of the brain and central nervous system

A symptom of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is: ~degeneration of the digestive tract. ~progressive immune deficiency. ~degeneration of the brain and central nervous system. ~inflammation of the reproductive organs. ~influenza-like symptoms.

diatoms

The informal group designated as the protozoa include all of the following except: Amoeba Ciliates Diatoms Foraminifera Zooflagellates

because they caused an infection and were small enough to pass through filters that trapped bacteria

Viruses were first identified: Because they caused an infection and formed colonies on nutrient agar plants. Because they were seen in the light microscope. Because they caused an infection and were small enough to pass through filters that trapped bacteria. Because they were smaller than bacteria and had all the properties of living organisms. Because they caused an infection and were seen in the electron microscope.

lyme disease

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus? Rabies Polio Warts in humans Chickenpox Lyme disease

~a rigid cell wall

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by: ~an efficient water pump. ~a tough cell membrane. ~pumping large quantities of salts into the cell. ~a rigid cell wall. ~a stiff capsule.

chlorophyta

Of the following algae, which phylum exhibits the most diverse morphology, forming unicells, filaments, and sheets? Chlorophyta Phaeophyta Euglenophyta Dinoflagellata bacillariphyta

bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria are called: Streptococci Bacilli Diplococci Vibrio Spirochete

all of the above

The bacterial reproductive parasite Wolbachia is known to: Eradicate males from a population Convert males into females Cause infected females to lay eggs that develop without fertilization Reduce the number of males in a population All the above

plankton

The base of the food web in aquatic ecosystem is: Algae Euglena Plankton Plants Fish

~have mitochondria

Viruses have all the following EXCEPT: ~are usually species-specific. ~may have multiple origins. ~are probably related to mobile genetic elements. ~may have escaped from cells. ~have mitochondria.

phages

Viruses that attack bacteria are called: Phages Bacteriods Prions Virons Viriods

parabasilid

What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals. ~parabasilid ~diatom ~euglenoid ~dinoflagellate ~actinopod

diatoms

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells? green algae red algae brown algae dinoflagellates diatoms

trypanosoma

7. Who am I? I cause African sleeping sickness. a. Trichomonas b. Giardia c. Plasmodium d. Saprolegnia e. Trypanosoma

oomycota

A water mold, from phylum ____________, was responsible for the late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine. Myxomycota Oomycota Rhodomycota Phaeophyta Acrasiomycota

trichocysts

Members of phylum Alveolata possess _________, which are ejectile filaments used in trapping prey. Contractile vacuoles Micronuclei Macronuclei Heterocysts Trichocysts

rhizopoda

Members of phylum __________ move via pseudopodia. Rhizopoda Zoomastigina Ciliophoran Oomycota Chrysophyta

~dinoflagellates

Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides? ~green algae ~red algae ~euglenoids ~dinoflagellates ~brown algae

asexually

Euglenoids reproduce: Asexually Sexually Both a and b Do not reproduce By mating

~endocytosis

Human viruses can enter human cells by fusion with the cell membrane or by: ~diffusion into the cell. ~passage through specific protein channels. ~coating themselves with lipids that cloak their entrance into the cell. ~endocytosis. ~hitchhiking onto protein signals entering the cell.

growth, metabolism

In ciliates, macronuclei controls: Reproduction Growth Metabolism Movement Both b and c

contractile vacuole

In freshwater ciliates, special organelles called ______________ control water regulation. Flagella Contractile vacuole Food vacuole Lysosome Peroxisome

cilia

In paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like ____________. Plasmadesmata Pseudopods Flagella Cilia Trichomes

none of the above, all may be pathogenic

Many microscopic organisms or entities have been identified as pathogens, including all of the following except: Protozoa Viruses Fungi Bacteria None of the above, all may be pathogenic.

chlorophyta

Members of the phylum ___________ are thought to have given rise to plants. Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Euglenophyta Dinoflagellata Bacillariophyta

myxomycota

Members of this phylum are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium. Myxomycota Oomycota Rhodomycota Phaeophyta Acrasiomycota

euglenophyta

Members of this phylum have both plant-like and animal-like characteristics, making other industrial processes are: Chlorophyte Rhodophyta Euglenophyta Oomycota bacillariophyta

rhizopoda

Members of which phylum have formed deposits of chalk, as seen in white cliffs of Dover? Rhizopoda Zoomastigina Ciliophaora Foraminifera Actinopoda

endosymbionts

Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from: Fungi Protists Endosymbionts Plants None of the above

heterotrophs

Most bacteria are: Photoheterotophs Chemoheterotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs chemoautotrophs

eubacteria

Most prokaryotes belong to the: Fungi Archaea Protista Eubacteria Viroids

aquatic

Most protists are: Aquatic Parasitic Terrestrial Arboreal None of the above

heterotrophic

Most protozoa may be characterized as: Autotrophic Heterotrophic Photosynthetic Chemotrophic Anisogamous

the lack of nuclear envelope in the archaea

One difference between the Archaea and the Eukarya is: The lack of nuclear envelope in the Archaea The absence of the 70S ribosomes in the Archaea The presence of membrane- bound organelles in the Archaea The presence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea The presence of simple RNA polymerase in the Archaea

~they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment.

One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that: ~they are found at deep-sea vents on the sea floor. ~they are a source of most known antibiotics. ~they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment. ~they fix atmospheric nitrogen that is then used by plants. ~most form symbiotic associations.}

~they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because: ~penicillin affects cell membranes. ~they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans. ~they have special protein channels that allow penicillin to enter the cell and halt the cell cycle. ~they are smaller than gram-negative bacteria and, thus, easily take up penicillin by diffusion. ~they contain prophages that negatively interact with penicillin.

pseudopods

Protists may move by pushing out their cytoplasmic extensions, known as: Plasmadesmata Pseudopods Flagella Cilia Etrichomes

movement

Pseudopodia are used by amoeba for ingesting food as well as far Reproduction Excretion Digestion Movement Avoiding predation

eugleniods

Researcher use ____________ protists as indicator species of organic pollution. Plasmodium Amoeba Euglenoids Giardia Paramecium

~ their capsule

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of: ~efficient use of their flagella. ~ameboid motion. ~their capsule. ~changing their cell wall structure. ~eliminating the use of a membrane.

protist

Sudden death of oak is caused by: Protist Fungi Archaebacteria Eubacteria Animal parasite

They share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom.

All of the following statements about the phylum Phaeophyta are true except: This group includes most complex algae that have blades, stipes, and holdfasts. They share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom. They represent the largest members of the kingdom Protista. They are harvested for algin, which is used in a variety of commercial products. They are ecologically important as producers and in providing habitats along rocky coastlines.

diplomonads

Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with one or more flagella? ~amoebozoa ~diplomonads ~apicomplexans ~foraminifera ~actinopods

giardia

Ancestors of __________ may have possessed mitochondria which were lost or reduced during evolutionay history. ~Laminaria ~Amoeba ~Euglena ~Giardia ~Paramecium

giardia

Ancestors of ______________ represent an intermediate stage in eukaryotic evolution when cells each had two haploid nuclei but fusion had not occurred. Plasmodium Amoeba Euglena Giardia Paramecium

move by means of a rotating flagella

Bacteria: Are incapable of locomotion Move by means of pili Move by means of cilia Move by means of a rotating flagella Move by means of whip-like flagella

endotoxins, exotoxins

Bacterial _________ causes systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial ____________ cause more specific maladies. Phages; prophages Prophages; phages Endotoxins; exotoxins Exotoxins; endotoxins Exotoxins; phages

holdfasts

Brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures called __________ that anchor them to the substrate. a. stipes b. fronds c. holdfasts d. blades e. thalli

~the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope

Koch's postulates include all the following except: ~when a sample of a pure culture is injected into a healthy host, it causes the same disease. ~a sample of the microorganism from a diseased host can be grown in pure culture. ~the microorganism can be recovered from an experimentally infected host. ~the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope. ~the pathogen must be present in every individual with the disease.}

DNA

Pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of _________ between bacteria. Ribosomes Cytoplasm Vectors RNA DNA

False

Prions induce normal Prp on the surface of brain cells to misfold into an insoluble form and cause brain damage. {T or F}

a large, circular pice of DNA

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in: Several, small circular pieces of DNA A single, small, circular piece of DNA A large, linear piece of DNA Several small, linear pieces of DNA A large, circular piece of DNA

~coenocytic

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as: ~mycelium. ~alternation of generations. ~multicellular. ~coenocytic. ~colonial

~commensalism

Symbiotic association in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is called: ~symbiosis. ~mutualism. ~Commensalism. ~parasitism. ~colonialism.

diatoms

The commercially important unicellular protists that are used in filters, polishes, and other industrial processes are the: dinoflagellates euglenoids apicomplexans zooflagellates diatoms

~lack peptidoglycan in cell wall

The energy parasite Chlamydia is known to: ~eradicate males from a population. ~convert males into females. ~cause infected females to lay eggs that develop without fertilization. ~reduce the number of males in a population. ~lack peptidoglycan in cell wall.

cell wall

The first indication that Archaea were different from the Eubacteria came from differences noted in their: Cell wall Preferred habitats 16 S rRNA sequence Protein synthesis machinery Resistance to antibiotics

replication

The five stages of a lytic infection are attachment, penetration, ____________, assembly and release. Lysis Prophage Lysogenesis Transduction Replication

the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the archaea

The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Eubacteria is: Lack of nuclear envelope in the Archaea. The absence of the 70S ribosomes in the Eubacteria The presence of a single filament flagellum in the Eubacteria The absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea All of the above

Capsid

The protein coat of a virus is called the: Capsule Capsid Exospore Phage Pilus

~receptor

The specificity of viruses to different types of cells is due to __________ sites on the host cell. ~prophage ~receptor ~transduction ~penetration ~transcription

a saprotroph

A bacterium that gains nourishment from dead organisms is referred to as: An autotroph A parasite A saprotroph A chemoautotroph A pathogen

streptococci

A chain of round bacteria would be called: Spirilla Diplococci Bacilli Streptococci Streptobacilli

obligate anaerobic

A(an) ___________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen. Facultative aerobic Facultative anaerobic Facultative autotrophic Obligate aerobic Obligate anaerobic

4000

About how many different species of bacteria have been classified? 200 2000 4000 20000 40000

muticellular gametangia

Algae are not considered true plants, as they lack both cuticle and: Multicellular bodies Multicellular gametangia Thalli Frustules Cell walls

~Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax

The first bacterium that was clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease was: ~Legionella pneumophila, which causes Legionnaires' disease. ~Chlamydia sp., which causes pelvic inflammatory disease in women. ~Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism. ~Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. ~Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax.

bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms

Which of the following statements about bacteria is false? A small percentage of bacteria are pathogenic. Some bacteria can photosynthesize. Bacteria are important decomposers. Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms. Bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then nitrates that can be used as plants

~it is found in recipient cells, not donor cells

Which of the following statements concerning an F factor is FALSE? ~It is found in recipient cells, not donor cells. ~It is a DNA sequence. ~It is found in F+ cells. ~The F stands for fertility. ~It is involved with forming sex pili.

~they are usually less than 2um thick

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE? ~They are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. ~They enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. ~They are usually less than 2 ım thick. ~An example is dental plaque. ~They may develop on surgical implants.

bacilliariophyta

Which phylum includes algae that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells? Chlorophyte Rhodophyta Euglenophyta Dinoflagellata bacillariophyta

euglenoids

Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion. plasmodium Amoeba euglenoids Giardia Paramecium

~digest wood

The symbiotic bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes do all of the following EXCEPT: ~supply the plant with the nitrogen it needs in the form of nitrates. ~are motile bacteria. ~are Rhizobial bacteria. ~are soil-dwelling bacteria. ~digest wood.

zooxanthellae

The symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as mollusks, jellyfish, and corals, are called _________________. Zooxanthellae Apicomplexans Sporozites Ciliates None of the above

sugars crosslinked with proteins

The walls of Eubacteria contain peptidoglycan, which is: Lipids crosslinked with sugars Sugars crosslinked with proteins A protein A lipid A polysaccharide

euglenophyta

These algae are often used as indicators of organic pollution such as sewage in a lake or stream. Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Euglenophyta Dinoflagellata Bacillariophyta

dinoflagellata

These often have intracellular shells or interlocking plates. Chlorophyte Rhodophyta Euglenophyta Dinoflagellata Bacillariophyta

none of the above

Toxins produced by red tides are known to have impacted all of the following except: Birds Fish Humans Manatees None of the above, all are impacted by red tides.

~plasmodesmata

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via: ~endocytosis. ~plasmodesmata. ~infected seeds. ~pili. ~transformation.

~strands of RNA

Viroids cause a variety of plant diseases and are composed only of: ~strands of RNA. ~strands of DNA. ~protein coats. ~peptidoglycan. ~a capsid.

an international committe

Viruses are classified by: The sequence of their DNA. Structural similarities The sequence of their rRNA genes. The traditional Linnaean binomial nomenclature system. An international committee.

~cannot independently perform metabloic

Viruses: ~are very tiny cells on the order of 500 nm. ~contain both RNA and DNA. ~cannot independently perform metabolic activities. ~have a standard morphology that includes a capsid, tail, and tail fibers. ~have nuclei.

rhodophyta

Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan? Rhodophyta Phaeophyta Dinoflagellata Euglenophyta Chlorophyte

retortmonada

Which has organisms that typically move with one or more flagella? Rhizopoda Retortmonada Ciliophoran Foraminifera Actinopoda

herpesviruses

Which of the following is identified as group of DNA viruses? Retroviruses Herpesviruses Filovirus Picornaviruses

rhodophyta

Which of the following protist phyla does not have flagellated cells? Oomycata Phaeophyta Euglenophyta Rhodophyta Chrysophyta

~signature sequences of SSU rRNA

Woese and his co-workers demonstrated that the Archaea were different from the Bacteria because of differences noted in their: ~mechanism of cellular respiration. ~preferred habitats. ~signature sequences of SSU rRNA. ~ability to utilize oxygen. ~resistance to antibiotics

a choanoflagellate

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is: a. a cellular slime mold. b. a choanoflagellate. c. a plasmodial slime mold. d. not a unikont. e. not motile.

~Endospores

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions. ~Capsids ~Endospores ~Exotoxins ~Endotoxins ~Endosymbionts

conjugation

_____________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells. Transformation Transduction Conjugation Binary fission Budding

~Stanley Prusiner

______________ is credited with the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection. ~Stanley Prusiner ~Anton van Leeuwenhoek ~Dmitrii Ivanowsky ~Stanley Brenner ~Carl Woese

~Lysogenic

_______________ conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics. ~Transducing ~Lysogenic ~Prophage ~Lytic ~Reverse