Biology 1409 Laboratory Review 19

Compare and contrast monocots and eudicots by identifying two similarities nad two differences between them.

Similarities between monocots and eudicots:- Vascular bundle in stem is conjoint and collateral in both the cases. Thick layer of cuticle is present outisede the stem in both monocots and eudicots. Dissimilarities between monocots and eudicots:- The embryo in monocots contain a single cotyledon whereas the embryo in eudicots contain two cotyledons. Venation system is parallel in case of monocots but venation system is reticulate is case of eudicots.

Stomata are more numerous in the lower epidermis of leaves. Explain why it would be detrimental to the plant to have more stomata in the upper epidermis of leaves.

The stomata deals with gas exchange/water release. You wouldn't want to let everything out of the plant or take in whatever happens to be in the air. . Stomata are pores found on epidermis of leaves and stems which are essential for gaseous exchange. Stomata are open during the daytime for passing of the oxygen and carbon dioxide. If more number of stomata were present at the upper epidermis of the leaves they will remain at direct exposure of the sun, which will result in rapid evaporation of water (transpiration) ultimately resulting in the wilting of the plant. So, having more number of stomata at the upper epidermis of leaves can be detrimental for the plants. On the other hand, if more number of stomata is present at the lower surface, they will not be at the direct exposure of sun thus resulting a less transpiration and lesser fluid loss.

Where is glucose produced in a leaf? What type of tissue carries glucose away from a leaf, and where is the glucose stored in a plant like a beet?

chloroplasts, vascular tissue, pith Glucose is produced by photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts found on leaves. So, glucose is produced within the chloroplasts in leaf. Phloem carries the glucose away from a leaf. Two types of vascular tissues are found within plants-Xylem & Phloem. Xylem is mainly associated with transport of water. Phloem is responsible for transporting organic nutrients such as dissolved sugars (glucose) from the site of their production (the leaves) to the storage sites. Beets have a specialized structures called storage root for storage of the glucose. A great amount of parenchymatous tissues are found within these storage roots for the storage roots. Storage roots are modified for storage of glucose and water.

What is the outermost layer of a leaf that protects and prevents water loss?

cuticle

What type of tissue gives rise to root hairs?

epidermis

What kind of plant, monocot or eudicot, has vascular bundles that occur in a ring?

eudicot

What cells are on either side of a stoma and regulate whether it is open or closed?

guard cells

What term refers to stems that are non woody?

herbaceous

What kind of plant tissue is composed of cells that divide?

meristematic

What term is used to identify ground tissue in a leaf?

mesophyll

What kind of plant, monocot or eudicot, has the xylem and phloem in its leaves arranged in a parallel pattern?

monocot

What kind of growth do woody plants undergo when the diameter of their trunk increases?

secondary

If its leaf veins form a net pattern and there is one blade attached to a petiole, is the leaf simple or compound, and is it from a monocot or eudicot?

simple

How is xylem typically arranged in a eudicot cross section?

star-shaped

Where does new primary terminal growth occur on a winter twig?

terminal bud

What type of vascular tissue forms the annual ring in a woody stem?

vascular cambium

In what zone of a eudicot root will tracheids and vessel elements be found?

zone of elongation