Biology 189L midterm
What's the conversion for fahrenheit to celsius?
(5/9) x (F-32)
What's the conversion for celsius to fahrenheit?
(9/5) x C + 32
What are the steps of the scientific method? (6)
1. Make observations 2. Do research and form a question 3. Create a hypothesis 4. Design an experiment 5. Collect data 6. Analyze and conclude experiment
How many mg in 1g?
1000
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms bonded together
What is 0.00236 in standard notation?
2.36 x 10^-3
Convert 3.9m to cm
390cm
What are nucleotides composed of?
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What is 8,599,000,000 in scientific notation?
8.599 x 10^9
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What is an atom?
Basic unit of matter
How do Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine/uracil pair off in each DNA and RNA?
DNA: A>T and C>G RNA: A>U and C>G
What are characteristics of DNA?
Double-stranded contains deoxyribose includes thymine
What does the ninhydrin test determine and what does a pos and neg result look like?
It tests for amino acids. A pos result for amino acids would appear purple and a pos result for proline would appear yellow. A neg result would appear clear.
What does the Iodine reagent test for and what does a pos and neg result look like?
It tests for complex sugars (starch). A pos result would appear black or very dark blue and a neg result would appear orange brown.
What does the Sudan test determine and what does a pos and neg result look like?
It tests for lipids. A pos result would appear bright reddish orange and a neg result would appear pink or clear
What does the Biuret test determine and what does a pos and neg result look like?
It tests for proteins. A pos result would appear violet purple and a neg result would appear light blue.
What does Benedict's reagent test for and what does a pos and neg result look like?
It tests for reducing sugars. A pos result would appear green, orange, yellow, or red, and a neg result would appear blue
What is a mneumonic for conversions?
King Henry Died drinking chocolate milk monday night.
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells: no nucleus, no membrane-bounded organelles, includes domains bacteria and archaea Eukaryotic cells: has nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles, includes domain eukarya (with kingdoms such as, plants, animals. Similarities: all clles have cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material, and cell membrane
What is the independent variable?
The variable that is changes or manipulates the dependent
When multiplying in scientific notation what do you do?
add exponents and multiply coefficients.
What is an Ionic bond?
attraction between oppositely charged atoms (metal and nonmetal together) and there is a loss or gain of electrons
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
electrons are shared equally between two atoms
What step predicts a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable?
hypothesis
Will the independent or dependent variable be on the x-axis of a graph?
independent variable
What is the control group?
it is held constant, and used as a baseline for comparison.
What are the polymer and monomers of lipids?
lipids do not have monomers instead they are composed of fatty acid chains made of C, H and O
What are saturated fats?
lipids with single bonds between carbon atoms; solid at room temp like butter
What are unsaturated fats?
lipids with some double bonds between carbon atoms; liquid at room temp like olive oil
When adding in scientific notation what do you do?
make all exponents equal then add coefficients.
When subtracting in scientific notation what do you do?
make all exponents equal then subtract coefficients.
What is pH?
measure of hydrogen ion concentration
What are the polymer and monomers of proteins?
monomer: amino acids polymer: proteins
What are the polymer and monomers of carbohydrates?
monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugars) polymer: dissacharide or polysaccharide (complex carbs)
What are the polymer and monomers of nucleic acids?
monomer: nucleotides polymer: nucleic acids like DNA or RNA
What does atomic number represent?
number of protons
What are characteristics of acids?
pH <7, contains H+ or Hydrogen ion. (ie lemon juice)
What are characteristics of bases/alkalines?
ph >7, contain OH- or hydroxide ions. (ie baking soda)
What are the four major macromolecules?
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
How do you calculate atomic mass?
protons + neutrons
What is an element?
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
What is a covalent bond?
sharing of electrons usually formed with two nonmetals
What are characteristics of RNA?
single stranded contains ribose includes uracil
When dividing in scientific notation what do you do?
subtract exponents and divide coefficients.
What is a polar covalent bond?
unequal sharing of electrons
What is a dependent variable?
variable that is measured and depends on the independent variable
