Biology 2 Chapter 10 Mastering

How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals?

0

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla?

9

What do sharks have in common with goldfish?

A lateral line system

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of Homo sapiens?

Africa

What do snake scales, dog fur, and eagle feathers all have in common?

All are made of keratin.

Which of the following is not a primate?

All are primates

Which is not a primate?

All are primates.

Which of the following features are used to identify chordates?

All of the above are features used to identify chordates

Which arthropod subgroup includes those with an exoskeleton of chitin?

All of these

Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait?

All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?

Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum?

Annelids

Which phylum of worms includes the leeches?

Annelids

To which group do orangutans belong?

Anthropoid apes

What defines radial symmetry?

Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.

Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders?

Arachnids

Which of the following unique characteristics is found in many chordates, but not all, at some point in their development?

Backbone

Which reptiles are endothermic?

Birds

Which of the following is human's closest living relative?

Chimpanzees

All animals are ___________, organisms with cells that are relatively large, complex, and contain membrane-enclosed organelles such as the nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals?

Eutherians

Which worm has no body cavity?

Flatworms

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants?

Heterotrophic

Which arthropod subgroup includes those with six legs?

Insects

Which chordate trait evolved first?

Jaw

Which group of fishes evolved first?

Jawless fishes

Which is most closely related to the hagfish?

Lamprey

What do the nonanthropoid primates have in common?

Live in trees

What does the expression "terrestrial tetrapod" mean?

Lives on land, four limbs

Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians?

Lobe-finned fishes

Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches?

Marsupials

What is the difference between an Old World monkey and a New World monkey?

New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not.

There are several limbless amphibians and reptiles. Did these limbless creatures evolve from a common limbless ancestor?

No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.

What do sponges and cnidarians have in common?

None of these

Which arthropod subgroup includes the centipedes?

None of these

Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile?

Polyp

What is the function of a fish's operculum?

Protects the gills

What is the role of the placenta?

Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus

Which group of animals is most closely related to the arthropods?

Roundworms

Which is not a reptile?

Salamander

Cnidarians are named for their cnidocytes, a feature unique to the group. What are cnidocytes?

Stinging cells

Which of the following phyla is the most diverse and numerous?

The arthropods

Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell?

The mantle

Why can't amphibians survive far from water?

Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.

What happened during the Cambrian explosion?

There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.

How do sponges acquire their nourishment?

They filter it from the seawater.

Birds are a type of reptile

True

What acts as both a circulatory system for gas exchange and a hydraulic system for movement in the echinoderms?

Water vascular system

How do bony fish regulate buoyancy?

With an air-filled swim bladder

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. At any point in your time travels, did you see two or more hominin species alive at the same time and in the same places?

Yes, quite often.

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. If you were to travel back in time and met a living hominin, which clues might tell you that your new friend was in the genus Australopithecus and not Homo?

You had traveled 3 million years into the past.

All vertebrates have ________.

a skull

The _________ ______, a key adaptation for reptiles, has a waterproof shell that encloses the embryo and its life-support system.

amniotic egg

A group of animals called ____________ have several adaptations for living on land but must return to the water to breed.

amphibians

Flatworms are most closely related to the ________.

annelids

One key adaptation of animals was the evolution of a(n) ______ _______, a fluid-filled gap between the outer wall of the body and the outer wall of the digestive system.

body cavity

The phylum _______ contains animals that share four specific anatomical features, including a hollow nerve cord and a tail.

chordate

The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________.

chordates

Some organisms are described as having a ________ digestive tract that includes a mouth at one end and an anus at the other.

complete

All vertevrates have a(n) _______, an internal system of bones (in your case, 206 bones)

endoskeleton

A(n) __________ is an organism that generates heat within its body; a(n) __________ is an organism that must obtain heat from the environment.

endotherm; ectotherm

All mammals ________.

have mammary glands

All animals eat other organisms in order to gain building materials for the body. This makes them __________, since they obtain necessary energy and chemical building blocks from the environment.

heterotrophs

A(n) ____________ is an animal that lacks a backbone and may or may not have all of the chordate features.

invertebrate

A(n) ________ is an example of an animal that is a chordate but not a vertebrate.

lancelet

Some restaurants serve seafood platters that contain oysters, mussels, and clams. Such platters therefore consist of ________.

mollusks

Sponges are found ________

mostly in seawater

Sponges are found ________.

mostly in seawater

One of the features shared by all chordates is a(n) __________, a flexible rod that runs along the top side of the back.

notochord

Being a heterotroph means ________.

obtaining your food by eating other organisms

The radial symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________.

pentaradial

Cnidarians are the only animal phylum to display __________ _________, meaning that their bodies can be divided any way through the center point to yield two even halves.All other adult animals display ___________ __________, meaning that their bodies can only be sliced lengthwise through the midline to produce two even halves.

radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry

Adaptations that evolved in the group of animals called the _______ have allowed them to complete their life cycles entirely on land.

reptiles

Gastropods are the most numerous group of mollusks and include the ________.

snails and slugs

Gastropods include the ________.

snails and slugs

A four-limbed, land-dwelling vertebrate is generally known as a(n)_____

tetrapod

All animals except sponges have _______, groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

tissues

A(n) ___________ is an animal that has a backbone in addition to displaying the four features of all chordates.

vertebrate