BIOLOGY 2.1 Nature of Matter.

Water Ph

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Describe what happens to an acid and a base when they dissociate (separate) in water. give example of each

Acid - orange juice when it separates in water creates H plus Atoms Base - Soap When it separates in water it creates HO- atoms

Solution.

All components of a solution are evenly distributed throughout the solution. OR DESCRIPTION OF A LIQUID FORMED WHEN A SUBSTANCE DISSOLVES IN WATER

How does an Ionic Bond differ from a Covalent Bond?

An Ionic Bond is when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, a covalent bond is when electrons are shared by atoms actually traveleing about the Nuclei of both both atoms forms covalent bond.

How are atoms, chemical elements, and chemical compounds related.

Atoms make up chemical elements, and chemical elements make up chemical compounds.

Ions

Atoms with an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Mixture

composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Base

A compound that produces OH- ions in a solution (Hydroxide)

Molecule

A group of atoms that unite by covalent bonds that act as a single unit

Electron

A negatively charged particle that is outside the Nucleus.

Ahesion

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Ionic Bond

Bond that transfers electrons from one atom to another.

How are chemical bonds important in Metabolism?

Broken down material has chemical bonds that are converted into energy for metabolism.

Buffers

Buffers are weak acids and bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp changes in blood Ph, these are usually prevented by a number of chemical Buffers such as a bicarbonate/Phosphate Ions.

Why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in Ph

Buffers dissolved in lifes fluids play an important role in painting homeostasis in organisms.

Acid

Compound that produces H plus atoms in a solution

Covalent Bonds

Electrons travel around both atoms Nuclei forming a Covalent bond or Bond in which electrons are shared between 2 atoms

Isotopes

Elements of the same elements contain different number of Neutrons.

Solute

Ex) In a saltwater solution, table salt is the solute or the substance that is being dissolved.

Solvent

Ex) Water is the solvent or the substance in which the solute is dissolves.

What are the main types on Chemical Bonds?

Ionic Bond and a Covalent Bond

How does an Ionic Bond Differ from a Covalent Bond?

Ionic Bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Covalent bonds are shared by atoms moving electrons actually travel around the Nuclei of both atoms forming Covalent Bonds.

Proton

Particle in the Nucleus that is positively charged

Element

Pure substance made up of entirely one type of atom.

Ph Scale

Scale that indicates the strength of an acidic or base solution.

Suspenions

Some materials do not dissolve in water, but separate into pieces so small they don't settle. The movement of these small particles keeps them suspended. Such mixtures of water/non dissolved material are suspensions.

Chemical Compound.

Substance formed by the bonding of atoms in definite properties

Hydrogen Bond

The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial negative charge then one with a partial positive charge is a Hydrogen Atom.

Neutron

The center of an atom forced by strong forces that bind protons and neutrons together that has no charge (Neutral)

Atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, basic unit of all matter made up of protons neutrons and electrons

How are Isotopes of an Element similar?

They have the same number of electrons and chemical properties.

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties.

Water is a polar molecule which means it can create Hydrogen atoms which account for its many special characters.

How does waters polarity influence its properties as a solvent?

Waters polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both Ionic compounds and other polar molecules.

Van Der Waal Forces

When molecules are close together they can develop a slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of the nearby molecules. Intermolecular forces of Attraction are called Van Der Waal Forces.