biology

Which of the following substances can cross a cell membrane without having to pass through a protein channel? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) a. water b. glucose c. lipids d. proteins e. amino acids f. hydrogen ions g. sodium ions h. small uncharged molecules

a. water c. lipids h. small uncharged molecules

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is a. C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. b. 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. c. C6H12O12 + 3 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. d. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy. e. none of the above

d. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Cellular respiration produces water. b. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose. c. Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. d. Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.

d. Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.

For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, __________ molecules of NADH are produced. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6 e. 8

a. 2

The IMMEDIATE source of energy used by cells to do work is provided by breaking down (hydrolyzing) a. ATP b. DNA c. glucose d. glycogen

a. ATP

Balance the following equation CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H20 a. CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O b. 4CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O c. 4CH4 + 4O2 ---> 4CO2 + 2H2O d. 2CH4 + 2O2 ---> 2CO2 + 2H2O

a. CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O

The basic living structural and functional units of all living organisms are _______ a. cells b. tissues c. organs d. organ systems

a. cells

Check off all of the following types of cell transport that are ACTIVE processes (require ATP). a. exocytosis b. diffusion c. osmosis d. pinocytosis e. phagocytosis f. facilitated diffusion g. sodium-potassium pump h. receptor-mediated endocytosis

a. exocytosis d. pinocytosis e. phagocytosis g. sodium-potassium pump h. receptor-mediated endocytosis

Humans use the calories they obtain from __________ as their source of energy to make ATP. a. food b. water c. sunlight d. minerals e. carbon dioxide

a. food

Which of the following processes does NOT require O2 in order to occur? a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain d. glycolysis and citric acid cycle

a. glycolysis

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? a. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle c. the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle d. oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle, and glycolysis

a. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

A red blood cell with a 5% protein concentration is placed in an environment with a 2 % protein concentration. Is the environment hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic relative to the cell? (Tip: Draw out the problem!) a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic

a. hypotonic

Glycolysis occurs a. in the cytoplasm of cells b. in the mitochondrial matrix c. in the mitochondrial cristae (inner mitochondrial membrane) d. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

a. in the cytoplasm of cells

A red blood cell with a 5% protein concentration is placed in an environment with a 2 % protein concentration. Which way will water move? (into the cell, out of the cell, or neither)(Tip: Draw out the problem!) a. into the cell b. out of the cell c. neither

a. into the cell

Which of the following is involved in anchoring organelles in the cell (so that the organelles don't move)? a. flagella b. cytoskeleton c. nucleoli d. lysosomes

b. cytoskeleton

Pyruvate a. is a six-carbon molecule. b. forms at the end of glycolysis. c. is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation. d. is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. e. is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation.

b. forms at the end of glycolysis.

In the reaction below, the products are _____. sucrase sucrose + H2O ----------> glucose + fructose + energy a. sucrose + H2O b. glucose + fructose c. sucrose d. glucose e. sucrase

b. glucose + fructose

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose a. is released all at once. b. is carried in electrons. c. is used to manufacture glucose. d. becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.

b. is carried in electrons.

Does the reaction below show the making or breaking down of ATP? ATP + water ----> ADP + P + energy a. it shows the making (synthesis) of ATP b. it shows the breaking down (hydrolysis) of ATP

b. it shows the breaking down (hydrolysis) of ATP

All molecules have energy of motion called a. ATP energy. b. kinetic energy. c. energy of activation. d. potential energy

b. kinetic energy.

In the reaction below, the enzyme is _______. lactase lactose + H2O ---------> galactose + glucose + energy a. water b. lactase c. glucose d. sucrose e. galactose

b. lactase

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? a. oxygen and glucose b. water and carbon dioxide c. glucose and carbon dioxide d. oxygen and energy to make ATP e. energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide

b. water and carbon dioxide

As a result of glycolysis ONLY there is a net gain of __________ ATPs. a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4 e. 36

c. 2

Balance the following equation HgO --> Hg + O2 a. HgO ---> 2Hg + O2 b. 2HgO ---> Hg + O2 c. 2HgO ---> 2Hg + O2 d. 4HgO ---> 4Hg + O2

c. 2HgO ---> 2Hg + O2

Use this equation to answer the following questions: 2C6H6 + 7O2 ----> 4CO2 + 6H2O The number of MOLECULES of O2 is _____. a. 2 b. 6 c. 7 d. 14

c. 7

During oxidative phosphorylation a. H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor. b. energy is released as H+ ions move freely into the cytoplasm of the cell. c. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a protein channel provided by the enzyme ATP synthase. d. electrons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane

c. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a protein channel provided by the enzyme ATP synthase.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Each enzyme binds specific substrates. b. Substrates temporarily bind to an enzyme's active site. c. Enzymes can only be used once and then they are destroyed. d. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.

c. Enzymes can only be used once and then they are destroyed.

The end products of glycolysis include a. O2. b. FADH. c. NADH. d. citric acid. e. acetyl CoA

c. NADH.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Tonicity is the effect a solution has on cell volume. b. The capillaries in our kidneys use filtration to filter the blood. c. When a cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution, the size of the cell increases. d. Filtration occurs when the pressure from water forces water and any solutes dissolved in the water across a cell membrane.

c. When a cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution, the size of the cell increases.

In the plasma membrane of a cell, a channel protein a. will always be closed. b. will be entirely hydrophobic c. allows specific passage of small molecules d. is located on the external surface of the phospholipid bilayer.

c. allows specific passage of small molecules

A(n) ______ is a protein or RNA molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction. a. reactant b. product c. enzyme d. oxidant

c. enzyme

Question 41 Oxidative phosphorylation occurs a. in the cytoplasm of cells b. in the mitochondrial matrix c. in the mitochondrial cristae (inner mitochondrial membrnae) d. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. in the mitochondrial cristae (inner mitochondrial membrnae)

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the a. cytoplasm. b. outer mitochondrial membrane. c. mitochondrial matrix. d. inner mitochondrial membrane. e. intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.

c. mitochondrial matrix.

The energy required for a reaction to occur is called _____. a. reaction energy b. enzyme energy c. substrate energy d. activation energy

d. activation energy

Which of the following organelles are made up of a double membrane and contain DNA? a. nucleus b. Golgi body c. mitochondria d. both a and c e. all of the above

d. both a and c

______ is defined as the series of reactions in which nutrients such as glucose are broken down and the energy released is used to make ATP. a. eating b. ATP synthesis c. ATP hydrolysis d. cellular respiration

d. cellular respiration

Which of the following processes requires oxygen? a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain d. citric acid cycle and electron transport chain e. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain

d. citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

During cellular respiration, NADH a. is reduced to form NAD+. b. is chemically converted into ATP. c. is converted to NAD+ by an enzyme called dehydrogenase. d. delivers electrons (and a proton) to the electron transport chain. e. None of the choices are correct.

d. delivers electrons (and a proton) to the electron transport chain.

Which of the following parts of a cell membrane allows cells to recognize each other and to recognize foreign cells? a. proteins b. cholesterol c. phospholipids d. glyolipids and glycoproteins

d. glyolipids and glycoproteins

Match each type of cell transport in the left column with its description in the right column. diffusion osmosis endocytosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion active transport (ex: sodium potassium pump) A. movement of WATER across a cell membrane from a high to a low concentration B. movement of WATER across a cell membrane from a low to a high concentration C. movement of a high concentration of a molecule or large solid particles such as bacteria INTO the cell, through a vesicle D. movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration E. movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration through a protein channel F. movement of a high concentration of a molecule such as hormones and neurotransmitters OUT OF the cell, through a vesicle G. movement of molecules from a low to a high concentration across a protein channel

diffusion: D. movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration osmosis Correct A. movement of WATER across a cell membrane from a high to a low concentration endocytosis: C. movement of a high concentration of a molecule or large solid particles such as bacteria INTO the cell, through a vesicle exocytosis: F. movement of a high concentration of a molecule such as hormones and neurotransmitters OUT OF the cell, through a vesicle facilitated diffusion: E. movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration through a protein channel active transport (ex: sodium potassium pump): G. movement of molecules from a low to a high concentration across a protein channel

Which of the following is a function of the proteins found in the cell membrane? a. influence the fluidity of the cell membrane b. form the major part of the cell membrane c. allow cells to attach to the cytoskeleton d. allow cells to respond to hormones and neurotransmitters. e. both c and d

e. both c and d

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? a. production of CO2 b. conversion of FAD to FADH2 c. conversion of NADH to NAD+ d. a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule e. conversion of glucose to two pyruvate molecules

e. conversion of glucose to two pyruvate molecules

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except a. CO2. b. ATP. c. NADH. d. FADH2. e. pyruvate.

e. pyruvate.

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both the outer and inner (cristae) mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit a. glycolysis. b. the citric acid cycle. c. the formation of alcohol. d. oxidative phosphorylation e. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

e. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

ATP is made up of the following three parts: a. sugar (ribose), 3 phosphate groups, and adenine (a nitrogenous base) b. sugar (ribose), 2 phosphate groups, and adenine (a nitrogenous base) c. sugar (deoxyribose), 3 phosphate groups, and adenine (a nitrogen containing molecule)

a. sugar (ribose), 3 phosphate groups, and adenine (a nitrogenous base)

A red blood cell with a 5% protein concentration is placed in an environment with a 2 % protein concentration. Will the cell shrink, swell, or stay the same? (Tip: Draw out the problem!) a. swell b. shrink c. stay the same

a. swell

In the following reaction, energy is released. What is the energy that is released used for? ATP + water ------> ADP + P + energy a. to allow cells to do work b. to make ATP c. to make ADP d. for cellular respiration

a. to allow cells to do work

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Diffusion does not require energy (ATP) to occur. b. Diffusion occurs because all molecules have potential energy. c. During diffusion, molecules move from a high to a low concentration. d. The larger the size of a molecule, the slower the rate of diffusion.

b. Diffusion occurs because all molecules have potential energy.

In the reaction below, where does the energy needed to make ATP come from? ADP + P + energy ----> ATP + water a. from the sun b. from the breakdown of ADP c. from the breakdown of ATP d. from the energy released during cellular respiration

d. from the energy released during cellular respiration

In the reaction below, where does the energy needed to make ATP come from? ADP + P + energy ----> ATP + water a. from the sun b. from the breakdown of ADP c. from the breakdown of ATP d. from the energy released during cellular respiration

d. from the energy released during cellular respiration

The middle portion of a phospholipid bilayer is considered _______ a. polar b. lipophobic c. hydrophilic d. hydrophobic

d. hydrophobic

Which of the following substances can cross a cell membrane without having to pass through a protein channel? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) Correct a. water b. glucose c. sodium ions d. small, uncharged molecules like O2 and CO2 e. proteins f. lipids g. hydrogen ions h. amino acids

d. small, uncharged molecules like O2 and CO2 f. lipids

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids, storage of calcium ions, and detoxification of poisons? a. ribosome b. mitochondria c. Golgi complex d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Match each organelle with its FUNCTION. mitochondrion microvilli smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus centriole A. Moves chromosomes when the cells are dividing B. Site where ribosomes are being made C. Finishes modifying, packages, and transports proteins that come from the rough ER D. Carry out major reactions of cellular respiration (making ATP) E. Make proteins F. Increase the surface area exposed to the extracellular environment to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials G. Stores genetic information; has coded instructions for make every protein needed by cells H. involved in muscle contraction; forms the mitotic cleavage furrow; moves cells I. Digest damaged or worn-out organelles; digest entire cells during development; digest pathogens that enter via phagocytosis, disgest molecules that enter via pinocytosis J. Makes carbohydrates and lipids; detoxifies poisons; stores calcium ions

mitochondrion: D. Carry out major reactions of cellular respiration (making ATP) microvilli: F. Increase the surface area exposed to the extracellular environment to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials smooth endoplasmic reticulum: J. Makes carbohydrates and lipids; detoxifies poisons; stores calcium ions nucleolus: B. Site where ribosomes are being made centriole: A. Moves chromosomes when the cells are dividing

Match each organelle to its STRUCTURE. nucleus Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum flagellum lysosomes A. Two centrioles at right angles and other microtubules in a star pattern B. Network of membranous channels (no ribosomes attached to membrane) C. made of 2 subunits; each subunit is made of RNA and protein; are either free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum D. Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers E. Fingerlike extensions of cell membrane containing microfilaments F. Network of membranous channels with ribosomes attached to membrane G. Made of double membrane; has nuclear pores in membranes, chromatin, nucleoli and nucleoplasm H. Dense region in the nucleoplasm I. Thousands of extensions of the cell membrane made of microtubules arranged in a pattern J. Long, single extension of cell membrane made of microtubules arranged in a pattern K. Vesicle filled with digestive enzymes

nucleus: G. Made of double membrane; has nuclear pores in membranes, chromatin, nucleoli and nucleoplasm Golgi apparatus: D. Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers rough endoplasmic reticulum: F. Network of membranous channels with ribosomes attached to membrane flagellum: J. Long, single extension of cell membrane made of microtubules arranged in a pattern lysosomes: K. Vesicle filled with digestive enzymes