Biology

How many pairs of ribs are in the human skeleton?

12

How many bones come together to make up the spine?

33

How many segments does the spine have?

5

What is a ribosome?

A cell organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins

What are chromosomes?

A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing

Which of the following statements is true? a.)A ligament connects two bones. b.)A tendon connects two bones. c.) "Tendon" and "ligament" are two words for the same thing. d.)A ligament connects muscles to the bone.

A ligament connects two bones.

What is a vesicle?

A membrane-bound sac used to store and protect materials that are transported in the cell

Which of the following describes facilitated diffusion?

A polar molecule using a transport protein to pass through the plasma membrane

Which of the following statements correctly describes the composition of a myosin filament?

A single tail with a double head

What occurs during diffusion?

A substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Which type of motion allows the arms to be moved away from and toward the body?

Abduction and adduction

Which of these are the proteins that make up muscle fibers?

Actin and myosin

Which of the following statements is true? a.) Most prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, but some do. b.) All cells come from preexisting cells. c.) All cells have flagella. d.) All cells are eukaryotes.

All cells come from preexisting cells.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all living things?

All living things are made up of cells.

Which of the following statements about butterflies is most credible?

An article in a scientific journal says certain types of butterflies can detect changes in weather before humans can.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

An organelle that assembles and packages proteins and lipids

Peter noticed that iron needles placed beside a magnet attract other iron needles. If he is following the scientific method to find out why this happens, what should he do next?

Ask whether magnets can transfer their properties to iron objects.

Which part of the neuron transmits signals to other neurons, glands or muscle cells?

Axon endings

Which of the following statements represents an opinion?

Butterflies are not as interesting as some people say.

Which of the following is released by the brain when too much calcium is in the blood?

Calcitonin

__________ released from a cellular storage system allows actin filaments to bind to myosin filaments.

Calcium

What role do effectors play in feedback loops to maintain homeostasis?

Carry out responses designated by the integrator

In organisms, which level of organization is made up of molecules?

Cells

Which of the following functions corresponds with osteoblasts?

Cells that deposit collagen and elastin to promote bone growth

Which of the following best describes osteoclasts?

Cells that dissolve bone to increase blood calcium levels

Which is a component of all cells?

Cytoplasm

Which of the following stores an organism's genetic information? a.) The plasma membrane b.) The nucleolus c.) Ribosomes d.) DNA

DNA

Which is the correct sequence of the flow of nerve impulses in a neuron?

Dendrite → Axon → Axon terminal

Which of the following is a skeletal disorder that occurs when two bones at a joint are no longer in contact with each other?

Dislocation

Which organ system produces hormones that help regulate the body's functions?

Endocrine System

What kind of joint has very little to no movement?

Fibrous

What is the structure of the Golgi body?

Flattened sacs

Ryan predicted that people who eat high-fat foods every day will have higher cholesterol than people who eat low-fat foods. If he's designing an experiment to test his prediction based on the scientific method, what should his next step be?

Have 100 people eat high-fat foods and 100 people eat low-fat foods every day for a year and test their cholesterol every week.

Which of the following does the muscular system do?

Help blood move through the body

Where is cytoplasm found?

In the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

When a skeletal muscle contracts, what term is used for the end of the muscle that is attached to a moveable bone?

Insertion

Which type of neurons are found primarily in the spinal cord and brain?

Interneuron

Which of these is true of tetanus?

It can cause death through paralysis of the heart.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nucleus? a.) It is only found in prokaryotic cells. b.) It houses DNA in all cells. c.) It controls activity within the cell. d.) It is made up of DNA.

It controls activity within the cell.

Why is diffusion a type of passive transport?

It does not require energy for the transport to occur.

What role does ATP play within the cell?

It is a source of energy.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? a.) Each phospholipid is composed of a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail. b.) It is composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains other lipids and proteins. c.) It contains embedded proteins, which act as channels for any and all substances to enter the cell. d.) It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids that allows the plasma membrane to be effective, yet flexible.

It is composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains other lipids and proteins.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? a.) It allows all kinds of molecules to pass through. b.) It produces energy for the cell. c.) It is made of two layers of phospholipids. d.) It is a rigid outer barrier for the cell.

It is made of two layers of phospholipids.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? a.) The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipids face outward, composing the outer layer of the plasma membrane. b.) It is composed strictly of a double layer of phospholipids. c.) It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what goes into and what comes out of the cell. d.) It allows only polar molecules to pass in and out of the cell.

It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what goes into and what comes out of the cell.

Which of the following statements about muscle building is associated strength training?

Lifting weights regularly increases muscle size.

Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules

Aerobic exercise works muscles at a slow enough rate that the body can keep them supplied with oxygen. Which of the following are results of aerobic exercise?

Mitochondria increase in number and size.

Which of these functions is carried out by the Golgi body?

Modifying and packaging proteins

Which type of neuron directs gland and muscle cells to carry out a response?

Motor neuron

Which of these describes a strain?

Muscle fiber tears or stretches too far

Which of these describes atrophy?

Muscle tissue shrinks

Which of these muscular disorders can be passed by parents to their offspring?

Muscular dystrophy

What are long chains of myofilaments called?

Myofibrils

Which of the following components of muscle has no change as a result of aerobic exercise?

Myofibrils

In what way are osmosis and facilitated diffusion similar?

Neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion require the use of ATP.

Which of the following statements is true? a.) All cells contain DNA in the nucleus. b.) Some organisms are not made up of cells. c.) No living thing is smaller than a cell. d.) On rare occasions cells result from the spontaneous combination of molecules.

No living thing is smaller than a cell.

Which of the following is a condition characterized by the wearing away of cartilage between joints?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following conditions involves the rapid loss of calcium from the bones?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is released by the brain when there is too little calcium in the blood?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which metaphor is often used to describe the mitochondria?

Powerhouse of the cell

Bess is designing an experiment to test the relationship between temperature and number of ice cream cones sold at her store. Her hypothesis is that customers are more likely to buy ice cream on warmer days. If she is following the scientific method, what should her next step be?

Predict that she'll sell more ice cream cones when the outside temperature exceeds 75 degrees Fahrenheit.

Which of the following does the muscular system do?

Produce body heat

__________ acts on groups of paired muscles. When one muscle contracts, the opposite muscle cannot contract because no stimulus is sent.

Reciprocal innervation

Which of the following statements is true? a.)Red skeletal muscles, also called slow skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. b.)Red skeletal muscles, also called short skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. c.)White skeletal muscles, also called short skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. d.)White skeletal muscles, also called long skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time.

Red skeletal muscles, also called slow skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time.

Which of the following best characterizes red skeletal muscles?

Red skeletal muscles, such as those in your legs and back, allow for longer sustained activities such as standing, walking or running.

Which of the following represents a voluntary muscle contraction?

Robert kicks a soccer ball into the goal.

What is the most noticeable difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. Smooth ER is not.

Which of the following is the basic unit of contraction in a muscle? Filament Sarcomere Motor neuron Motor unit

Sarcomere

Which of the following is the basic unit of muscle contraction?

Sarcomere

Which of the following represents the correct flow of information during homeostasis?

Sensor → Integrator → Effector

Which of the following injuries involves a bone that has cracked without any pieces becoming separated? a.)Compound fracture b.)Complete fracture c.)Simple fracture d.)Common fracture

Simple fracture

Ions of which two elements produce an electrical charge across the membrane of a neuron to cause a nerve impulse?

Sodium and Potassium

Which of the following injuries involves a torn ligament or tendon?

Sprain

What kind of joint is found in the human elbow?

Synovial

Anabolic steroids, a synthetic substance that athletes sometimes use to build muscles, mimic which hormone in the human body?

Testosterone

Which of the following statements is a verifiable fact?

The Monarch Butterfly is the most common type of butterfly in Jay's neighborhood.

Select the TRUE statement about a resting neuron. The cytoplasm side of a neuron is more positive than the outside of the neuron. b.)The cytoplasm side of a neuron is negatively charged while the outside of the neuron is also negatively charged. c.)The cytoplasm side of a neuron is more negative than the outside of the neuron. d.)The cytoplasm side of a neuron is positively charged while the outside of the neuron has no charge.

The cytoplasm side of a neuron is more negative than the outside of the neuron.

Where in the body is cardiac muscle found?

The heart only

What is cytoplasm?

The jellylike fluid that supports the contents of the cell

What is active transport?

The movement into or out of a cell that requires energy in the form of ATP

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

What is the definition of osmosis?

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Which of the following is an example of effectors working to maintain homeostasis if blood glucose levels become too high?

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels.

Which of the following statements is true? The pectoral girdle contains the shoulders, arms and hands. The pelvic girdle contains the shoulders, arms and hands. The pectoral girdle contains the legs and feet. The pelvic girdle contains the hips and lower spine.

The pectoral girdle contains the shoulders, arms and hands.

What is bone remodeling?

The process by which bones grow or shrink

What is cellular respiration?

The process that converts organic molecules into energy

What does it mean for a solution to be hypotonic?

There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

What does it mean for a solution to be hypertonic?

There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside.

Which of the following best characterizes white skeletal muscles?

They fatigue more quickly than red skeletal muscles.

When a muscle is at rest, what blocks myosin from binding with actin?

Tropomyosin

__________ and __________ are proteins found on actin, which play a role in muscle contractions.

Troponin; tropomyosin

Which exercise will help build larger and stronger muscles?

Weightlifting

Which of the following statements is true? a.)When there is too much calcium in the blood, osteoblasts build new bone tissue. b.)When there is too little calcium in the blood, osteoclasts build new bone tissue. c.)When there is too much calcium in the blood, osteoclasts build new bone tissue. d.)When there is too little calcium in the blood, osteoblasts build new bone tissue.

When there is too much calcium in the blood, osteoblasts build new bone tissue.

Which of the following is a biological kingdom?

Which of the following is a biological kingdom?

Which of the following statements is true? a.)Red skeletal muscles are the most efficient because they can contract very quickly and for long periods of time. b.)Your bicep is an example of white skeletal muscle. c.) White skeletal muscles have fewer mitochondria, and thus contain less energy for sustained contractions. d.)The muscles in your hand that allow you to write are examples of red skeletal muscles.

White skeletal muscles have fewer mitochondria, and thus contain less energy for sustained contractions.

Which of the following statements is true? a.) White skeletal muscles have less blood supplied to them, therefore they can only contract for short amounts of time. b.)White skeletal muscles contract very slowly. c.)White skeletal muscles allow for long, sustained activities. d.)White skeletal muscles have more myoglobin and capillaries than red skeletal muscles.

White skeletal muscles have less blood supplied to them, therefore they can only contract for short amounts of time.

Troponin and tropomyosin on actin filaments play a role in the binding of actin to __________.

myosin

Acetylcholine, a __________, carries chemical signals from the ends of a motor neuron, across a synapse and to a muscle fiber. This sets the stage for events that lead to muscle contractions.

neurotransmitter

What does red bone marrow do?

produces red and white blood cells

Children tend to have more __________ bone marrow, most of which becomes __________ bone marrow as they become adults.

red; yellow