Biology (BIO 101) Chapter 1 Test

Relative to a pH of 7, a pH of 4 has a ________.

1,000 times higher H+ concentration

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

2

How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

24

A fossil was found and determined by radiometric dating to be 11,400 years old. What is the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in this fossil compared to its environment?

25%

The graph below shows data regarding radioactive decay of carbon-14. If decay continues to occur normally, how much C-14 will remain after 22,800 years?

6.25%

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

80; 120; 80

Beryllium's atomic mass is 9, and its atomic number is 4. How many protons are found in a beryllium atom?

9

Please use this information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.What is the hypothesis of this case study?

A function of male coloration is to attract females.

How can radiation be controlled and safely used in medicine?

Apply radiation to specific parts of the body at controlled doses. Submit

A cancer patient receives an injection of the drug on March 1. Suppose that the patient must receive a second injection once the amount of the drug decreases to less than 6% in his or her body. On approximately what day should the cancer patient schedule an appointment to receive another injection?

April 25

What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

C6H12O6, H2O, and O2

What are genes composed of?

DNA

Information flow in biological systems is necessary for negative (regulative) feedback to operate. Which of these examples does NOT involve flow of information providing feedback?

Drought kills many trees.

Please use this information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.What conclusion can be drawn from the data?

Females do not always choose brightly colored males. Submit

Which of the following would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?

Give the drug to a group of cancer patients and measure whether their tumors are destroyed.

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.What can be tested with this experimental design?

Hatchlings have the ability to orient using magnetic fields while swimming.

Which statement is a valid scientific hypothesis?

Humans and bacteria share a common genetic code.

You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a prediction?

If I recharge the battery, then my car will start.

Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?

Lemon juice has 10 times higher H+ concentration than grapefruit juice.

Which function is NOT a property of life?

Populations of organisms rarely change over time.

How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes?

Radioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable.

Which of these statements is CORRECT?

Scientific ideas are subjected to repeated testing.

A reliable source about the usefulness of an herbal supplement is likely to be recognizable by all but one of these characteristics. Choose the exception.

The authors are employed by the manufacturer of the supplement.

Which information flow is disrupted when diabetes destroys insulin-producing cells?

The body is unable to respond to signals that indicate the amount of glucose in the blood.

When Heather grabbed the glass of ice water, the ice cubes were floating at the top. Why were the ice cubes floating in the water?

The density of water decreases when it freezes.

The data below are from three separate studies that tested different treatment options for prostate cancer. Based on these data you might conclude that after 10 years, radioactive seeds are a more effective treatment option than external radiation for prostate cancer. What is a possible confounding factor that could lead to the results below?

The men who received external radiation had larger tumors than the men who received radioactive seeds.

The data below are from three separate studies that tested different treatment options for prostate cancer. What can you conclude from these data?

The men who were treated with surgery were the healthiest group after 10 years.

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge. Submit

Some tiny insects are able to walk on water. Why?

The surface tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible.

Which results should occur if climate change leads to increased warming global temperatures?

The tree line (at which it is too cold for trees to grow) moves toward the north and south poles.

How do hypotheses differ from theories?

Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.In the experiment, hatchlings swam in one direction when exposed to the natural magnetic field of the earth, but in a different direction when exposed to the reversed magnetic field? What conclusion can be drawn from this?

Turtle hatchlings can detect magnetic fields.

Please use this information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.Do the data support the conclusion that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?

Yes, this conclusion is supported by the data.

Which properties of life are possessed by viruses and green turtles?

a clear orderly arrangement and ability to reproduce.

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

a decrease in body temperature

A hypothesis is a(n) ________.

a proposed explanation for a set of observations

Which of these is required for natural selection to occur?

all of the answers are correct

In what way(s) is the science of biology related to our society?

all of the answers are correct Submit

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ________.

an electron moving around the nucleus of an atom Submit

Kingdom ________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (eating) other organisms.

animalia

Most of the prokaryotes known as ______ live in extreme environments, such as salty lakes.

archaea

What process accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs?

artificial selection

_____ are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.

bacteria

Please use the following information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.If the proportion of brightly colored male lizards increased steadily in future generations, this would ________.

be an example of evolution due to natural selection

Why did the sweat on Heather's forehead and arms form drops?

because of the cohesive nature of water

Suppose a scientist wants to determine whether a substance retrieved from outer space is alive. Which of these properties of the substance would NOT help her make that determination?

being multicolored.

Using the above table, what kind of cancer do you think Xofigo® is used to treat?

bone cancer

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

buffers

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

calcium (atomic number 20)

What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ________.

cohesion

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds.

covalent

What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?

covalent

All of the following are potential negative impacts of ocean acidification except one. Choose the exception.

decreasing H+ concentrations

Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two _______ Bacteria and Archaea.

domains

When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will ________.

donate H+ ions

Adjacent water molecules interact through the ________.

electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

Which substance is NOT recycled but rather is lost from ecosystems?

energy

All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain ______

eukarya

Which sequence shows the steps of the process of science in an order in which they might occur?

exploration, hypothesis, prediction, experiment

Kingdom ______ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells.

fungi

This figure shows the branching tree of life for bears. Which bear species is most distantly related to the sun bear?

giant pandas

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.

hydrogen

An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) ________.

ion

Consider the following reaction. What type of bond is holding the two atoms together?K + Br- → K+ + Br- → KBr

ionic

The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

iron

As water freezes, ________.

its molecules move farther apart

The lower the pH of a solution, the ________.

more acidic the solution

In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have ________.

more protons than electrons

Which concept was proposed by Darwin?

natural selection

An atom's ________ are found in its nucleus.

neutrons and protons

Please use this information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.Answer the following question. "Male collared lizards show considerable color variation" This is a(n) ________.

observation

Kingdom ________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.

plantae

What type of cancer is treated with radioactive iodine seeds?

prostate

________ are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes, which are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships.

protists

All atoms of an element have the same number of ________.

protons

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of ________.

protons; neutrons

Please use the following information to answer the following question.The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.Dull-colored males were used in this experiment to ________.

serve as a comparison (control) group to the brightly colored males

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.After concluding their experiments, the biologists probably

shared their data with colleagues to obtain feedback on the work.

The phrase "Most ecosystems are solar powered" refers to the fact that

solar energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis.

Sugar dissolves when stirred into coffee. The coffee is the ________, the sugar is the ________, and the sweetened coffee is the ________.

solvent; solute; solution

What does "adaptation" mean in an evolutionary context?

the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time

Radiometric dating is based on ________.

the decay of radioactive isotopes

A study may be pseudoscience if

the evidence is anecdotal.

Science is ________.

the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.The results of the Lohmanns' experiments are most likely to be considered credible if

the results were published in a peer-reviewed journal.

What is biology?

the scientific study of life

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.In determining factors that influence sea turtle migration, the exploration phase might include

using tracking devices to follow migration patterns.

In the figure shown, which animals are most closely related?

whale and Hippopotamuses.

Over a span of two decades in the 1900s, scientists measured changes in the beak size of a population of Galápagos ground finches. These data could provide ________.

evidence of natural selection in action.

Scenario:Kenneth and Catherine Lohmann of the University of North Carolina explored the orientation or direction-finding abilities of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings under varying magnetic conditions. Hatchlings were placed in a tank of water in a laboratory either in the natural magnetic field of the earth OR in a reversed magnetic field in which north and south were flipped. The researchers then measured the direction that the hatchlings swam. The experiments were carried out in the dark and at night since that is when most newly hatched turtles migrate from their sandy nests into the ocean.What is the variable being tested in this experiment?

magnetic field

________ is an example of an element.

nitrogen

What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?

nutrient recycling and energy flow

A base ________.

removes H+ from a solution Submit

In the process of evolution by natural selection illustrated in this figure, what is the mechanism or agent of natural selection?

selective predation

What is a gene?

a unit of inheritance

Which structure can perform all the activities required for life?

cells

What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell?

organelles

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria when ________.

the presence of antibiotics favors bacteria that already have genes for resistance

Human body cells are approximately ________ water.

70-95%

Which of the following is an acid?

HCl