BIOLOGY - Cells Unit Exam

Indicate whether the following descriptions are hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution. A cell with 30% salt concentration is in 30% salt solution. [ Select ] ["isotonic", "hypertonic", "hypotonic"]

isotonic

What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?

it is covered with ribosomes

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?

mitochondria and chloroplast

Which diagram best represents the levels of organization in the human body?

organ systems, organ, tissue, cells

The diagram below represents two single-celled organisms. These organisms carry out the activities needed to maintain homeostasis by using specialized internal

organelles

The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules in and out of cells—transport is directional and selective. The moving of molecules from areas of high concentration to those of low concentration to gain energy is best described as:

passive transport.

Given that a cell's structure reflects its function, what would you predict that the function of a cell with a large Golgi apparatus would be?

secretion of digestive enzymes

Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane?

the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

The diagram below represents an event that occurs in the blood. Which statement best describes this event?

Cell A is a white blood cell engulfing disease-causing organisms.

How are lysosomes distributed among different types of eukaryotic cells?

Cells that process a lot of larger nutrients, such as liver cells, have larger amounts of lysosomes then other cells.

Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. Ceramides are synthesized in P, a membrane-bound organelle. They are then processed in another membrane-bound organelle, Q, to form glycolipids, which are an essential part of the cellular membrane. What are the names of organelles P and Q?

P: smooth endoplasmic reticulum, R: Golgi apparatus

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture. The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria?

Skin

In the cell shown below, which lettered structure is responsible for the excretion of most cellular wastes.

Structure B

Microbes in the digestive system break down food, which allows nutrients to be absorbed by the body's cells. How will these body cells most likely be affected if an individual suffers from a high fever?

The body cells will bring in fewer nutrient molecules because the transport proteins lose their proper shape due to the high temperature.

In the diagram below, the dark dots indicate small molecules. These molecules are moving out of the cells, as indicated by the arrows. The number of dots inside and outside of the two cells represents the relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells.ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by

cell A, only

Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

contain genetic information

Putting a plant in a solution will result in water loss and cause the plant to wilt.

hypertonic

You are bored at a lunch meeting and surreptitiously place a raisin in your glass of water. The raisin swells to twice its original size. Relative to the water, the raisin must have been:

hypertonic.

The cell will expand when placed in a

hypotonic

The concentration of glucose in the solution is lower than the concentration inside the cell.

hypotonic

The human pancreas synthesizes digestive enzymes that are secreted in the intestine to digest food. To prevent the enzymes from digesting the pancreas cells where they are produced, the enzymes are packaged into acidic granules called zymogen that inhibit their activity. Which organelle does the final packaging and shipping of the zymogen to other parts of the cell?

Golgi body

Which best explains why an animal cell is a eukaryotic cell?

It has genetic information, which is enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle.

Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?

a nuclear membrane

Which set of functions is directly controlled by the cell membrane?

active transport, recognition of chemical messages, protection