Biology: Chapter 1 (Exploring Life)

At which level of interaction does life first appear?

Cell

Which of these is an example of a population?

All of the red oak trees in a forest. (A population is a group of individuals of the same species.)

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health issue in many countries. Treatment for these resistant forms of bacteria is longer and requires more expensive antibiotics. Scientists attribute this to natural selection. Under these circumstances, what does natural selection mean?

An environment was created in which the tuberculosis bacterium carrying the antibiotic-resistant genes had an increased likelihood of survival and reproduction.

Kingdom _____ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (eating) other organisms.

Animalia

Most of the prokaryotes known as _____ live in extreme environments, such as salty lakes.

Archaea

_____ are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.

Bacteria

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.

Bacteria and Archaea

_____ uses ''if . . . then'' logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.

Deductive reasoning

All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain _____.

Eukarya

Fungi are classified into which Domain?

Eukarya

A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

Eukarya ... Animalia

A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

Eukarya ... Plantae

Which Domain(s) includes unicellular orgainsms?

Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria

Kingdom _____ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells.

Fungi

Kingdom _____ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.

Plantae

_____ are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes, which are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships.

Protists

Which of the following processes occurs in BOTH eukaryotic and bacterial cells?

Reproduction, uptake of energy from their surroundings, and regulation of cell function by changes in the activity of genes.

Human proteins, such as insulin, can be produced by bacterial cells. This is possible because _____.

all organisms share a common genetic code

A(n) _____ in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.

control group

A(n) _____ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

controlled experiment

Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two _____, Bacteria and Archaea.

domains

A(n) _____ differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment.

experimental group

A hypothesis must be testable and _____ --there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true.

falsifiable

A(n) _____ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

hypothesis

A(n) _____ is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

Using a type of logic known as _____, a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.

inductive reasoning

A property of life known as energy processing refers to the fact that living things _____.

obtain energy from their environment and use it to power their own activities and chemical reactions

There is (are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).

one

Organism is to community as organ is to_____.

organ system

Scientists use a general process known as _____ to ask and answer questions about nature.

scientific inquiry

A(n) _____ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

theory

A(n) _____ is a factor that changes during an experiment.

variable