Biology Chapter 2 test

Marci was viewing a slide that continued streptococcus bacteria. She wanted to magnify the image as much as possible. She located and focused the image on low power. She then switched to the high power objective. Referring to the diagram in your test above question 2, which part of the microscope will she now use to bring the image into clear view? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5

the correct answer is C) 4.

Place the following events in the correct sequence in which they would occur in a signal transduction response. 1. Conformational shape change occurs. 2. Ligand binds with a receptor protein. 3. A cascade of events amplifies and changes the signal. 4. The cellular process of transcription is carried out within the cell. 5. The activation, by phosphorylation, of a transcription enzyme. A) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 B) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 C) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 D)5, 4, 3, 2, 1

The correct answer is A) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4.

Referring to the transport mechanisms listed below, which of the transport mechanisms moves molecules against a concentration gradient? I. Active transport II. Simple diffusion III. Facilitated diffusion IV. Osmosis A) I only B) III only C) II and IV only D) All of the above

The correct answer is A) I only.

Organelles play various roles within Eukaryotic cells, such as helping with protein production or structural integrity. Which organelle contains DNA and is responsible for producing ATP when Oxygen is present within the cell? A) The mitochondria are the energy producing organelle associated with ATP synthesis. B) The lysosomes are the energy producing organelle, as it is associated with ATP production. C) The chloroplasts are the energy producing organelle that harnesses sunlight and is associated with ATP production. D) Nucleus controls the activity of a cell and therefore is associated with the activity of ATP production.

The correct answer is A) The mitochondria are the energy producing organelle associated with ATP synthesis.

You enter the cafeteria for lunch. Today's offering is chicken nuggets. You eat your serving of chicken nuggets and begin to digest the food as it passes through your digestive tract. Those food molecules will will then be absorbed into the blood stream and delivered to your cells for what purpose. A) To catabolically breakdown the molecules releasing free energy to make ATP using mitochondria or reconfigure into new molecules for your cells to use building your new structures by anabolism. B) The cell will undergo exocytosis of the food molecules so that catabolism will occur to release free energy for ATP production by the mitochondria. C) The food particles will be packaged away and stored for future use lysosomes. D) The food particles will undergo endocytosis of food molecules so that catabolism can occur to release free energy for ATP production by ribosomes.

The correct answer is A) To catabolically breakdown the molecules releasing free energy to make ATP using mitochondria or reconfigure into new molecules for your cells to use building your new structures by anabolism.

The Diagram above represents a paramecium viewed through a compound light microscope on low power. The diameter of the field of view is 1.5mm. The length of the organism is approximately? A) 0.15mm B) 0.5mm C) 0.95mm D) 0.15cm

The correct answer is B) 0.5mm.

A G protein receptor molecule receives a ligand. This ligand causes a conformational shape to occur within the receptor protein. What will happen next? A) A cascade of phosphorylation will amplify the signal within the cell. B) A G protein will come in, attach to the receptor protein and become phosphorylated and set in motion transduction. C) Six proteins will attach to the receptor protein. Each will be phosphorylated to thereby activate 6 different processes at once. D) The cell will immediately respond to the intended message by turning "off" or "on" a process.

The correct answer is B) A G protein will come in, attach to the receptor protein and become phosphorylated and set in motion transduction.

Animal cells do not have protective cell walls, like plant cells, as they need to be able to move or be flexible. They do have protective structures that help to protect them form environmental stresses. Which statement below best identifies and explains the structures that animal cells posses? A)The cytoskeleton protects the outside of the cell and the Extra Cellular Matrix protects the internal structure from possible stresses that could damage the cell membrane. B)The Extra cellular Matrix protects the outer and inner membrane surface; where as, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure to the cell. C) The cytoskeleton protects the outer and inner membrane form destructive forces. The Extra Cellular Matrix protects the internal cell organelles from damage on the inside. D) Micro tubules, microfilaments , and intermediate filaments are woven together to make an outer membrane protective coating. The Cytoskeleton protects the internal environment and provides supportive structure to the cell

The correct answer is B) The Extra cellular Matrix protects the outer and inner membrane surface; where as, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure to the cell.

A high surface area to volume ratio in cell favors: A) immediate cell division to reduce volume. B) adequate exchange of materials between the cell and its surrounding environment. C) a struggle to obtain needed nutrients. D) a build up of water and waste on the interior of the cell.

The correct answer is B) adequate exchange of materials between the cell and its surrounding environment.

The cell membrane is described as a fluid mosaic model of molecules. All the components of the membrane move laterally providing the visual of an ever-changing puzzle. the molecules serve as a barrier between the external environment and the life giving internal environment. In the Diagram above (see above question 8 on your chapter 2 test), which number(s) represent structures that could act as enzymes, transport molecules, attachment sites for the ECM or cytoskeleton? A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 4 and 5

The correct answer is C) 3 and 4.

The cell theory is one of the most fundamental theories in Biology. All of the following statements below, except one, are true and would be supported by the contributions of these various scientists: Henri Dutrochet, Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow. Which statement from below is not a true statement from the Cell Theory? A) The cell is the basic functional unit of life. B) All cells come from pre-existing cells. C) Cells may grow to an unlimited size. D) All living things are made from cells.

The correct answer is C) Cells may grow to an unlimited size.

Most movement of molecules across membranes in cells involves little to no energy expenditure. It depends upon an established concentration gradient. Movement goes from high concentration to low concentration. Each of the flowing statements about the above diagram (see diagram above question #9 in your test) is correct Which statement is NOT correct. A) Side I is hypotonic to side II. B) Side II contains more solute, so it is described as hypertonic to side I. C) The volume of water on side I will increase as water moves there by osmosis. D) The volume levels of both sides will change over time.

The correct answer is C) The volume of water on side I will increase as water moves there by osmosis.

Refer to the following graphic using Roman numeration. (see graphic in question # 15 in your test) Mitosis is the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Which number on the diagram above indicates the process of mitosis is occurring? A) I B) II C) III D) IV

The correct answer is D) IV.

A cytologist counted 2,500 cells from an embryo on a microscope slide and recorded the following data: (see table in question #14 in you test) If these cells had been dividing randomly, it could be reasonably concluded that: A) the duration of Anaphase is approximately, one-half that of telophase. B) Prophase is approximately three times as long as telophase. C) Metaphase is the shortest stage of the cell cycle. D) Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle.

The correct answer is D) Interphase is the longest stage in the cell cycle.

Proteins can be produced by cells and then exported out of the cell to aid in cell communication. Some examples include hormones. Hormones are examples of ligands, communication molecules, between cells that can trigger a signal transduction response. Which structures and organelles would play a roll in protein synthesis of these hormone molecules? A) Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes B) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, and Vacuoles C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Chloroplasts, and Ribosomes D) Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

The correct answer is D) Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.