Biology Chapter 4 Review
How will the cell wall provide support to a plant cell?
The cell wall will work together with the central vacuole to provide support to the cell wall.
Identify the factors that limit the growth of cells.
The cells need different sizes and growth for different functions throughout the body.
What would happen to a plant cell that had no central vacuole?
The plant would not be able to stand because it would not have support.
What is the structure and function of vesicles?
Vesicles are spherically shaped sacs that are classified by their contents and are surrounded by a single membrane.
Compare and contrast these terms' definitions. -chromatin and chromosomes
*Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. *Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of DNA
Compare and contrast these terms' definitions. -mitochondria and chloroplast
*Mitochondria is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. (double membrane.) *Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. (only found in plant cells.)
Describe the parts of the nucleus.
*Nuclear envelope, made of two phospholipid bilayers. (covering the nuclear envelope are nuclear pores, giving RNA and way to transport to the cell) *Nucleolus, the area where DNA is concentrated and takes part in making RNA
Compare and contrast these terms' definitions. -ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
*Ribosomes are responsible for production of protein in all living cells. They are large macro molecular complexes composed of RNA and protein. *The ER's main function is to manufacture and transport material to other locations.
Compare the functions of the Golgi apparatus with those of the ER.
*The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages proteins for secretion. It also involves in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes. *The ER is a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as a site for protein and lipid synthesis.
Compare and contrast these terms' definitions. -cell wall and cell membrane
*The cell wall is a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the membrane of the cells of plants. It consists mainly of cellulose. *The cell membrane is the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Compare and contrast these terms' definitions. -nucleolus and nucleus
*The nucleolus is where genetic material like RNA and DNA are formed inside the nucleus. *The nucleus just is a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells.
Why is a cell membrane called a fluid mosaic model?
- A cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic because it acts more like a liquid, which means that The 'Fluid' part represents how some parts of the membrane can move around freely, if they are not attached to other parts of the cell.
Explain the relationship between cilia and flagella.
- Cilia are short hairs that move while flagella are long hairs that propel cells forward
Discuss the roles of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow in developing the cell theory.
- In 1858, Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells. In 1859 Schwann concluded the same thing about animals. Virchow noted that cells come from other cells.
Use the following terms in the same sentence. Rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle and ribosome.
- Smooth ER produces lipids and carbohydrates, ribosomes present on the rough ER produces proteins, the products are passed through the Golgi apparatus for sorting and modification and are then transported in vesicles which are regularly pinched from the trans face.
Name the scientist that observed the first non-living cells.
- The scientist that observed the first non-living cells was Hooke.
State the relationship between cell size and cell function.
-Cell size and function differ because the body needs different cells for different functions
Analyze the three parts of the cell theory.
-Cells come from other cells -All living things are made of one or more cells -Cells are basic structure of living
The word root for "eu" means true, and "pro" means before, and "kary" means nucleus. Using this information, explain what terms prokaryotic and eukaryotic suggest about their evaluation.
-Eukaryotic cells relate to this information because they have a "true cell" and prokaryotic cells relate because they have a "before nucleus" and a before nucleus may represent how the scientists though eukaryotic cells came from prokaryotic cells because they and the same DNA.
Identify the characteristics shared by all living things.
-Organized parts, obtain energy from their surroundings, perform chemical reactions, change over time, respond to the environment and reproduce.
Sequence the relationship between organs, cells, organ systems and tissues.
A group of cells make a tissue, a group of tissues make and organ, a group of organs make an organ system, and an organ system makes an organism.
What are the four major parts of the eukaryotic cell?
Cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell Cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell Nucleus - the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) Organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell functions
Who was Robert Hooke and what was his accomplishment?
Hooke was the first scientist to observe the first cells under a light microscope, and he also gave cells their name.
What are the structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
Microtubles, Microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than other eukaryotic cells?
Muscle cells have many mitochondria, which allows them to respond quickly to the need for doing work.
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, animal cells have no cell wall (just membrane) and no chloroplasts. Also, plant cells have one large central vacuole, animal cells don't have a central vacuole, bu they do have them.
Primary vs. Secondary walls.
Primary walls surround the cell membrane and provides cells with structural support and protection. Secondary walls are a thick layer that strengthen and waterproof the primary wall and is formed inside the primary cell wall that has stopped increasing in surface area when the cell is fully grown.
Compare the structures of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells: lack membrane bound nucleus and organelles, but their genetic information is kept in the nucleotide Eukaryotic cells: made of one or more cells, have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What is the ribosomes job in the cell?
Ribosomes in cells preform protein synthesis.