Biology Chapter 4 Study Questions

A wetland that contains a mixture of freshwater and saltwater is called a a. An estuary b. A stream c. a river d. a pond

a. An estuary

Polar ice caps and mountains are not usually classified into major land biomes True False

True

The temperate forest biome is typically warmer and has more rainfall than the Boreal forest biome True False

True

Thomas construction model by completing the following steps 1. Draw a diagram that shows where oxygen is found on Earth, including the atmosphere, bodies of water, land, and living things 2. Draw arrows to show how oxygen moves and changes form from one location to another 3. Label Each arrow Thomas has construct an example of what type of ecological model? a. Biogeochemical cycle b. Food web c. Energy pyramid d. Geological system

a. Biogeochemical cycle

Karen is classifying a group of organisms that are either primary producers or consumers. What is the direct source of energy for all of the consumers? a. Either producers or other consumers b. Producers only c. nonliving sources, such as sunlight d. other consumers only

a. Either producers or other consumers

Autotrophs can be classified into two groups According to which of these properties? a. Energy source, either sunlight or chemicals b. Food type, either plant matter or animal matter c. Food quality, either living matter or dead matter d. Water quality, either freshwater or saltwater

a. Energy source, either sunlight or chemicals

Which vital element for Life participate in the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle a. Oxygen b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Chlorine

a. Oxygen

Which statement describes all primary producers? a. All harnessed the energy of sunlight through the process of photosynthesis b. All take an energy to assemble energy-rich compounds c. all are small, single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and algae d. All take in food and break it apart to release energy

b. All take an energy to assemble energy-rich compounds

The photic zone a. Extends to the bottom of the open ocean b. Extends to a depth of about 200 meters c. Is deep, cold, and permanently dark d. Is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers

b. Extends to a depth of about 200 meters

An interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant is called a. Carnivory b. Herbivory c. predation d. Symbiosis

b. Herbivory

Juanita is studying the food web of the open ocean. Which Step would be most useful for her to follow to identify the primary producers of the food web? a. Look for floating plants, such as water lilies b. Look for tiny phytoplankton that float on the ocean surface c. Look for small animal plankton near the ocean surface d. Look for plants or animals that live along the ocean floor

b. Look for tiny phytoplankton that float on the ocean surface

What landforms are not classified into a major biome? a. Prairies b. Mountain ranges c. coastlines d. Islands

b. Mountain ranges

Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains or Hills are a. Estuaries b. Rivers and streams c. Lakes and ponds d. Wetlands

b. Rivers and streams

Lainey is asked to research an organism that performs denitrification. Which strategy is the most likely to be successful ? a. Look for phytoplankton that perform photosynthesis b. Look for ocean-dwelling organisms that perform chemosynthesis c. look for soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates d. look for soil bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrogen gas

d. look for soil bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrogen gas

How does water transfer when it evaporates from the ocean? a. From the hydrosphere to the geosphere b. Completely within the hydrosphere c. From the hydrosphere to the atmosphere d. From the biosphere to the hydrosphere

c. From the hydrosphere to the atmosphere

As a freshwater Wetland travels downhill from its origin toward flatter areas, the water flow slows True False

False

Mangoes are salt tolerant trees that are commonly found in the open ocean True False

False

The depth of the water in an aquatic ecosystem determines the amount of oxygen that living things receive there True False

False

The tropical rainforest is characterized by a wet season and a dry season True False

False

Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost a. Desert b. Temperate forest c. tundra d. Tropical dry forest

c. tundra

The zones of the marine ecosystem are determined by distance from the shore and depth True False

True

Estuaries are commercially important because a. Fish species that people buy and sell live in estuaries b. Tall buildings can be built on estuaries c. Lumber trees grow in estuaries d. Fossil fuels are found in estuaries

a. Fish species that people buy and sell live in estuaries

Daniel studying feeding relationships in the neighborhood pond. Observe several organisms that feed on one another, and he organized them into a food chain model shown below Daniel's Observations in the food chain model provide the strongest evidence for which statement about Pond organisms? a. Matter cycles and energy flows through Pond organisms from primary producers to a series of consumers. b. Matter, but not energy, flows through Pond organisms from primary consumers to a series of consumers c. Energy Cycles through Pond organisms, and returns to primary consumers do the actions of decomposers and detritivores d. Energy and matter flow in opposite directions through Pond organisms between primary producers and consumers

a. Matter cycles and energy flows through Pond organisms from primary producers to a series of consumers.

A pyramid of biomass is one way to model and ecosystem how does the amount of biomass turn really change from the bottom of the pyramid to the top 0.1%- Third-Level consumers 1%- second-level consumers 10%- first level consumers 100%- primary producers a. The amount of biomass decreases b. the amount of biomass increases c. the amount of biomass varies only slightly, and may increase or decrease d. the amount of biomass varies widely and both increases and decreases

a. The amount of biomass decreases

Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate Winters, warm Summers, and fertile soils; And is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering shrubs, and ferns? a. White tail deer b. polar bear c. iguana d. caribou

a. White tail deer

Which numbered arrow represents photosynthesis? a. arrow 1 b. arrow 2 c. arrow 3 d. arrow 4

a. arrow 1

Which biome has long cold Winters and short Summers, and is home to conifers a. Savannah b. Temperate woodland c. Tundra d. Boreal forest

b. Temperate woodland

Which aquatic ecosystem is likely to be the warmest? a. A benthic system in the middle of the ocean b. An open ocean system near Antarctica c. A coastal ocean system at a temperate latitude d. An intertidal zone in a polar region

c. A coastal ocean system at a temperate latitude

Are you likely to find zooplankton in the aphotic, benthic zone of an ocean? a. Yes. Zooplankton are chemosynthetic autotrophs b. Yes. Zooplankton can photosynthesize in the dark c. No. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton snd phytoplankton cannot photosynthesize in the dark d. No. Zooplankton cannot chemo since its eyes in the dark without the presence of oxygen in the water

c. No. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton snd phytoplankton cannot photosynthesize in the dark

The North Pole and South poles are a. Classified as tundra biomes b. Not home any animals c. Not classified into major biomes d. Part of aquatic ecosystem

c. Not classified into major biomes

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been increasing gradually for many years. Scientists site this increase as one of the main causes of climate change, which is a serious environmental problem for all people all over the world. One component of a possible engineering solution to this problem is to use Plants, algae, or phytoplankton to increase the global rate of photosynthesis. What scientific reasoning provides evidence that this solution could be effective? a. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms provide food for consumers, who performs cellular respiration b. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms change into fossil fuels over time c. Photosynthesis acts to remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere d. Photosynthesis traps carbon dioxide in the soil

c. Photosynthesis acts to remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere

Which of the following statements is not true about the open ocean? a. Open ocean has low levels of nutrients b. Organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness c. The open ocean begins at the low tide Mark and extends to the end of the continental shelf d. Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic zone

c. The open ocean begins at the low tide Mark and extends to the end of the continental shelf

Year after year, Xavier Raises a vegetable garden in the same plot of soil. He observes that the plants grow less abundantly from one year to the next, and they produce fewer of vegetables. Which of these processes could help explain Xavier's observations? a. The rate at which soil bacteria perform photosynthesis b. The rate at which soil bacteria perform denitrification c. The rate at which soil bacteria perform nitrogen fixation d. The rate at which soil bacteria perform chemosynthesis

c. The rate at which soil bacteria perform nitrogen fixation

The diagram shows a model of an ecosystem 0.1%- Third-Level consumers 1%- second-level consumers 10%- first level consumers 100%- primary producers What does the model represent? a. The total biomass in each trophic level b. The total amount of energy in the ecosystem c. The relative amount of energy available at each trophic level d. the conservation of energy as energy transfers between organisms

c. The relative amount of energy available at each trophic level

Which two biomes have the least precipitation? a. Tropical rainforest and temperate grassland b. Tropical Savanna and tropical dry forest c. Tundra and desert d. Boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrub-land

c. Tundra and desert

Which is one way a freshwater Wetland differs from a lake or pond? a. Water flows in a lake or Pond but never flows in a wetland b. Wetlands are nesting areas for Birds, but lakes and ponds are not c. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a lake or pond d. Wetlands are salty, but lakes and ponds are fresh

c. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a lake or pond

Danielle observes a crayfish nibbling on the remains of a dead Sunfish. Construct a new food chain based on this observation by matching the organisms to the correct locations in the diagram a. Sunfish, snail, algae, crayfish b. Snail, algae, sunfish, crayfish c. algae, snail, sunfish, crayfish d. Algae, sunfish, crayfish, heron

c. algae, snail, sunfish, crayfish

Rabbits are members Of a community in a meadow. The rabbits eat grasses, clover, as well as Roots, Seeds, and tree bark. What defines the organisms that share the same trophic level as the rabbits? a. Snakes, hawks, and other animals that eat rabbits b. Community members that interact with rabbits c. meadow animals that are about the same size as the rabbit d. Meadow animals that eat plants and plants producers

d. Meadow animals that eat plants and plants producers

Rafael is thinking about revising the model to represent the role of photosynthesis in the water cycle. Would including photosynthesis in the model be reasonable, and for what reason? a. Yes, because water is a reactant, or input, of photosynthesis b. Yes, because water is a product, or output, of photosynthesis c. No, Because water is necessary for photosynthesis but not change by it d. No, because water is not involved in photosynthesis

a. Yes, because water is a reactant, or input, of photosynthesis

Which of the following is not a freshwater ecosystem? a. a river b. a lake c. an estuary d. A stream

c. an estuary

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through a food chain? a. Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in either direction b. energy flows from consumers to primary producers, in One Direction only c. energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in One Direction only d. energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in an endless cycle

c. energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in One Direction only

Which statement best describes how matter moves within and between ecosystems? a. Matter flows in a one-way direction through food chains and food webs b. Matter cycles between trophic levels in food chains and food webs c. Matter is made and destroyed as it is used by living things d. Matter cycles through food webs and biogeochemical cycles

d. Matter cycles through food webs and biogeochemical cycles

How does Francine model show the effect of photosynthesis and cellular respiration on Earth Systems? a. The model shows that their combined effects determine the amount of solid carbon compounds in the geosphere b. The model shows that their combined effects determine the level of carbon dioxide that dissolves in the hydrosphere c. The model shows that they have identical effects on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere d. The model shows that they have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

d. The model shows that they have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

The diagram shows a model of feeding relationships in an ecosystem? What is shown by the arrows that lead to and from the raccoon? a. The raccoon is part of several food chains, but not a food web b. The raccoon is part of several food chains in several food webs c. The raccoon is part of one food web, but no food chains d. The raccoon is part of one food web in several overlapping food chains

d. The raccoon is part of one food web in several overlapping food chains

Which of the following is a factor that makes estuaries unique a. They contain both phytoplankton and zooplankton b. They are very deep and dark but containing a lot of producers c. They are found in mountain ranges are formed by melting snow d. They have a lot of biomass but not a large variety of species

d. They have a lot of biomass but not a large variety of species