Biology Chapter 4 Study Test Questions

47) Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy? A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplasts C) Vesicles D) Golgi apparatus E) Vacuoles

B) Chloroplasts

34) Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes? A) Smooth ER B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough ER D) Mitochondrion

B) Golgi apparatus

44) All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts EXCEPT A) both likely evolved from prokaryotic bacteria. B) both can capture the energy of sunlight. C) both are surrounded by a double membrane. D) both possess their own DNA, independent of the nucleus. E) both synthesize ATP.

B) both can capture the energy of sunlight.

49) Which of the following is the thinnest? A) A flagellum B) An intermediate filament C) A microtubule D) A microfilament

D) A microfilament

18) Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells? A) Golgi complex B) Chromatin C) DNA D) Cytoskeleton E) Mitochondria

D) Cytoskeleton

27) What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes? A) Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates. B) Free ribosomes are readily "used up" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell. C) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts. D) Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.

D) Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.

57) Responsible for most of a muscle cell's ATP generation

D) Mitochondrion

6) Phospholipids are A) made on the ribosomes. B) completely hydrophilic. C) completely hydrophobic. D) found in cell membranes.

D) found in cell membranes.

55) Site of protein synthesis

E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

2) Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the cell theory? A) A balanced diet is important for good health. B) The smallest living organisms are single cells. C) Spontaneous generation of cells cannot occur. D) Paramecium comes from Paramecium. E) Insects are composed of cells.

A) A balanced diet is important for good health

45) Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy (in the form of ATP) to eukaryotic cells? A) Chloroplasts and mitochondria B) Ribosomes and mitochondria C) Mitochondria and lysosomes D) Chloroplasts and ribosomes E) Golgi apparatus and ribosomes

A) Chloroplasts and mitochondria

19) What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls? A) Cytoskeleton B) Nucleus C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Ribosomes E) Cytoplasm

A) Cytoskeleton

12) Which of the following is so small, it is visible only with an electron microscope? A) DNA B) Mitochondrion C) Eukaryotic cell D) Prokaryotic cell

A) DNA

17) Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids? A) Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP B) Storing pigments C) Storing photosynthetic products D) Carrying out photosynthesis

A) Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP

5) Of the items listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye? A) Frog embryo B) Ribosomes C) Human skin cell D) DNA molecule E) Virus

A) Frog embryo

54) Sorts proteins and sends them to their proper destination

A) Golgi apparatus

35) How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles? A) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them. B) The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored. C) Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies. D) The organelles are exported by phagocytosis. E) Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts.

A) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.

59) Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus. B) Prokaryotes have a cell wall, but eukaryotes do not. C) Prokaryotes have DNA, whereas eukaryotes have RNA. D) Prokaryotes have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleoid. E) Prokaryotes have RNA, whereas eukaryotes have DNA.

A) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.

22) Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane? A) Ribosome B) Chloroplast C) Plastid D) Nuclear envelope E) Mitochondrion

A) Ribosome

36) Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell? A) Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export. B) Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER, which exports them. C) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for export. D) Golgi bodies manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER to be packaged by the ribosomes for export. E) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by the Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for export.

A) Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export.

28) If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured and released their contents, what could occur? A) The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade. B) The number of proteins in the cell would begin to increase. C) There would be no change in the normal function of the cell. D) The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade. E) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.

A) The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade.

11) Which of the following is the smallest? A) Virus B) Prokaryotic cell C) Mitochondrion D) Eukaryotic cell

A) Virus

25) The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is characterized by A) a double membrane. B) a nonporous membrane. C) a triple-layer membrane. D) a single-layered membrane.

A) a double membrane.

62) Prokaryotes that are rod-shaped are called A) bacilli. B) cocci. C) spirilla. D) eukaryotes.

A) bacilli.

61) If you removed the sex pili from a bacterial cell, then the A) bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells. B) bacterium could no longer swim. C) bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. D) bacterium would dry out. E) shape of the bacterium would change.

A) bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.

63) Prokaryotic cells do NOT have A) cilia. B) genes. C) cytoplasm. D) ribosomes. E) flagella.

A) cilia.

10) The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an example of a(n) A) glycoprotein. B) phospholipid. C) organelle. D) polysaccharide.

A) glycoprotein.

9) The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have ________ heads and ________ tails. A) hydrophilic; hydrophobic B) prokaryotic; eukaryotic C) hydrophobic; hydrophilic D) cytoplasmic; phagocytic E) eukaryotic; prokaryotic

A) hydrophilic; hydrophobic

21) Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily A) proteins. B) ER. C) lipids. D) nucleic acids. E) polysaccharides.

A) proteins.

39) Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by "tagging" it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle? A) Mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Nuclear membrane E) Plasma membrane

B) Golgi apparatus

56) Makes steroid hormones

B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

68) The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are larger than the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, eukaryotic ribosomes are not affected by some chemicals that affect prokaryotic ribosomes, a fact that can be put to good use by microbiologists seeking new antimicrobial drugs. An example of this is the antibiotic erythromycin, which prevents protein synthesis by prokaryotic ribosomes but does not affect eukaryotic ribosomes at all. Thus, erythromycin kills bacteria but does not affect humans or other animals. Using this information, which of the following would be expected and would support the endosymbiont hypothesis? A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts will not have ribosomes. B) The ribosomes in chloroplasts will be sensitive to erythromycin. C) Mitochondrial ribosomes will be smaller than prokaryotic ribosomes. D) Mitochondrial ribosomes will be larger than prokaryotic ribosomes.

B) The ribosomes in chloroplasts will be sensitive to erythromycin.

8) The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT A) organelles. B) chromosomes. C) enzymes. D) water. E) dissolved nutrients.

B) chromosomes.

51) A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a A) chloroplast. B) flagellum. C) cell wall. D) mitochondrion. E) cytoskeleton.

B) flagellum.

16) Plastids are found in ________ cells. A) fungal B) plant C) bacterial D) animal

B) plant

58) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess A) chloroplasts. B) ribosomes. C) mitochondria. D) a nucleus.

B) ribosomes.

15) A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would A) still be able to capture energy as sunlight. B) still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source for a short period of time. C) appear green in color. D) synthesize new chloroplasts in the nucleus.

B) still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source for a short period of time.

67) Treponema pallidum is the organism that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. This organism moves around freely, making it well adapted to traveling within bodily fluids and being spread from host to host during intimate contact. It possesses a single chromosome and has relatively few genes. The overall shape of this single-celled organism is similar to a corkscrew, with many twists and turns along its length. Based on this information, Treponema is most likely what type of cell? A) A prokaryotic coccus B) A ciliated eukaryote C) A prokaryotic spirillum D) A flagellated eukaryote E) A prokaryotic bacillus

C) A prokaryotic spirillum

60) Which of the following cell structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell? A) Ribosomes B) DNA C) Central vacuole D) Plasma membrane E) Cell wall

C) Central vacuole

26) Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. A) ER → DNA → RNA → protein B) ER → DNA → Golgi → protein C) DNA → RNA → protein D) RNA → DNA → protein

C) DNA → RNA → protein

53) Digests damaged organelles

C) Lysosome

32) Which of the following is associated with rough ER? A) Plasma membrane B) Chlorophyll C) Ribosomes D) Lipid synthesis E) DNA

C) Ribosomes

40) What is the function of a plant cell vacuole? A) Initiates division of the cell B) Packages proteins for export C) Stores water D) Replicates chromosomes

C) Stores water

37) Which of the following "buds off" of the Golgi complex? A) Ribosomes B) Cells C) Vesicles D) Cytoskeleton E) Nuclei

C) Vesicles

14) Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are located A) on the Golgi apparatus. B) in the cytoplasm. C) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E) in the nucleus.

C) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

50) A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n) ________ cell. A) plant or bacterial B) animal, but not a plant C) plant or animal D) plant, but not an animal E) bacterial

C) plant or animal

64) The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may carry genes associated with antibiotic resistance are called A) ribosomes. B) pili. C) plasmids. D) plastids. E) cristae.

C) plasmids.

42) All of the following cells contain mitochondria EXCEPT A) eukaryotic cells. B) animal cells. C) prokaryotic cells. D) plant cells.

C) prokaryotic cells.

31) Ribosomes are the site of ________ synthesis. A) nucleoli B) glucose C) protein D) RNA E) DNA

C) protein

52) All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the A) oviduct in mammals. B) gills of oysters. C) sperm of animals. D) respiratory tract of vertebrates.

C) sperm of animals.

3) Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory? A) All cells arise from preexisting cells. B) Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. C) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. D) Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells. E) The smallest living organisms are single cells.

D) Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells.

65) Which of the following is a FALSE statement about prokaryotes? A) Prokaryotes have a plasma membrane, similar to that of eukaryotes. B) Prokaryotes may contain extra genes in plasmids. C) Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes. D) Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with a high-power electron microscope.

D) Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with a high-power electron microscope.

43) Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms? A) They produce digestive enzymes on their rough ER. B) They contain nucleoids. C) They capture the energy of sunlight to make ATP. D) They contain their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.

D) They contain their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.

24) A nucleolus is A) an extra nucleus in the cell. B) an area where the nucleus is synthesized. C) a membrane-bound organelle. D) an area in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where ribosomes are synthesized and assembled. E) the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.

D) an area in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where ribosomes are synthesized and assembled.

29) If a cell contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then A) digestive enzymes cannot be manufactured by that cell. B) few, if any, enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell. C) membrane lipids could be produced by that cell. D) large amounts of protein hormones could be produced and exported by the cell. E) membrane proteins and phospholipids are lacking in the cell.

D) large amounts of protein hormones could be produced and exported by the cell.

46) The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the A) ribosome. B) cytoplasm. C) nucleus. D) mitochondrion. E) chloroplast.

D) mitochondrion

13) Flagellated cells can A) divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells. B) attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella. C) move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells. D) move the cell through fluid.

D) move the cell through fluid.

38) A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in A) cell division. B) lipid synthesis. C) movement. D) phagocytosis.

D) phagocytosis.

23) Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells? A) Plastids B) Lysosomes C) Golgi complexes D) Smooth ER E) Mitochondria

E) Mitochondria

7) All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT A) cytoplasm. B) genetic material (DNA or RNA). C) ribosomes. D) a plasma cell membrane. E) a nuclear membrane.

E) a nuclear membrane.

20) All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT A) maintenance of shape. B) maintenance of organization in the cell. C) movement of organelles. D) assistance during cell division. E) storage of food molecules.

E) storage of food molecules.

41) A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of A) ER. B) mitochondria. C) ribosomes. D) nuclei. E) vacuoles.

E) vacuoles.

30) Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of A) plasma membranes. B) DNA. C) enzymes. D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E) cytoplasmic ribosomes.

D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

33) The Golgi apparatus packages materials into ________ for transport or export. A) plastids B) vacuoles C) organelles D) vesicles E) nucleoli

D) vesicles

48) Which of the following relationships is FALSE? A) Mitochondria-formation of ATP B) Cell wall-support and protection C) Nucleus-genetic information D) Ribosomes-site of protein synthesis E) Chloroplasts-chief site of lipid synthesis

E) Chloroplasts-chief site of lipid synthesis

66) Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, so they cannot make ATP energy.

FALSE

4) What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell? A) Enzymes B) A nuclear membrane C) Ribosomes D) DNA E) A plasma membrane

B) A nuclear membrane

1) Which type of microscope has the best resolution? A) Hooke's microscope B) An electron microscope C) A modern light microscope D) Leeuwenhoek's microscope

B) An electron microscope