Biology chapter 9 Cell Cycle and Mitosis Study Guide
What happens during the S phase
DNA synthesis or replication occurs during the s phase
The two new cells are called _______________ cells.
Daughter cells
A fertilized cell develops onto a _________________ organism during the cell cycle.
A fertilized cell develops onto a mature organism during the cell cycle.
About how long would a typical cell be in the G2 phase?
A typical cell would be in the G2 phase for 4 to 5 hours
During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell?
Anaphase
How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?
Animal cells divide the cytoplasm by constricting the cell membrane in the middle to form a cleavage furrow
What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce?
Binary fission
Cells obtain ______________ nutrients __________________ and duplicate or copy their _____________________ our genetic material in a cell?
Cells obtain nutrients and duplicate its chromatids
Where are chromatids found in a cell?
Chromatids located in the nucleus of the cell
Genetic Material is called _____ during interphase and IS/IS NOT clearly visable
Chromatin and is NOT clearly visible
When are chromosomes duplicated ——— before or during mitosis?
Chromosomes are duplicated before mitosis
Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up at the equator (middle of the cell) during metaphase
What process follows mitosis?
Cytokinesis
The nucleus is divided during cytoplasm while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during mitosis
Cytoplasm Mitosis
Chromatids are made of a molecule is called?
DNA
What is the major thing happening to a cell during G1?
During G1 cell growth is occurring
What structure holds the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase?
During the S phase the centrosome is also duplicated
What is occurring in a cell during interphase?
During the mitosis phase the cell is replicating itself.
At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules?
Each chromosome has two identical DNA double helix molecules
Each Chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosome?
Each chromosome is composed of one coiled DNA double helix molecule.
What is used to help break down the nuclear membrane?
Enzymes
Since proteins and ___________ are being made during G1, there is a great amount of protein ___________ occurring.
Enzymes and Synthesis
What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
G1 stands for growth 1 in which the cell creates organelles and begins metabolism
Name the 3 stages in interphase
G1, S phase, and G2
What is the final and shortest phase of interphase?
G2 phase
What does G2 stand for and what occurs in the stage
G2 stands for growth 2 in which the cell grows in preparation for cell division
Name three things that form during the cell cycle.
Hair, skin, and blood cells
How often do human skin cells divide each day?
Human skin cells divide about once a day.
How many hours per day is a human skin cell in interphase.
Human skin cells spend roughly 22 hours in interphase.
What happens if these cells are damaged during your lifetime?
If these cells are damaged they cannot be replaced
What happens to cells that enter the Go stage
In the Go phase cells are alive and metabolically active. They do not divide
___________________ is in between the times when the cell is dividing
Interphase
Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle.
Interphase and Mitotic phase
How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase?
It continues growth of the cell
What is another name for mitosis?
Mitosis is also called karyokinesis
In what phase do most cells spend the majority of their lifetime?
Most eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase.
What cell structures are made in G1?
New organelles are being made
Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes?
No. Because they do not have a nucleus.
Name the 4 mitotic stages
Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, telophase
What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage?
S phase stands for DNA synthesis in which the chromosomes of the cell are copied
What does the S phase stands for?
S phase stands for synthesis phase
Body cells are called __________ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ___________ cells?
Somatic Germ
What forms during prophase to later attach and move chromosomes?
Spindle fibers form in prophase to later attach and move chromosomes
What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase?
The DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by coiling in order to become visible
What stage occurs after cytokinesis?
The G1 phase occurs after cytokinesis
In what type of prokaryotic cell prokaryotes or eukaryotes does the cell cycle occur?
The cell cycle occurs eukaryotic cell
What follows the G2 phase? What part of the cell is actually dividing in Mitosis?
The cell is ready to start dividing. Only the nucleus is actually dividing
From stage of the cell cycle do cells sometimes EXIT
The cells EXIT the cell cycle from G1 phase
What part of the cell is divided during Cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm is divided during cytokinesis
Name three types of cells that enter the Go phase when they are mature?
The heart muscle, eyes, and brain are in the Go phase
What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other?
The new cells are called daughter cells and they are identical
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The nucleolus is also broken down during prophase
What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle?
The series of events that take place in Eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replicates itself
How do the two new cells compare with each other?
They have the same genetic information
Cell division
What is the absent in interphase
Nerve cells can stay in interphase for decades.
What type of cell may spend decades in interphase instead of dividing?