Biology: Chapter One

Which of the following is one of the domains of life? Molds Protista Animalia Eukarya Fungi

Eukarya

Which sequence of classification categories is in the proper order from least to most inclusive (i.e. from narrowest to broadest)? species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain genus, class, kingdom, domain, order, phylum, species, family species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain domain, class, genus, family, species, order, phylum, kingdom genus, species, order, class, family, kingdom, domain, phylum

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

You are conducting an experiment to determine what concentration of disinfectant is most effective in killing bacteria. In this example, the concentration of disinfectant would represent the

experimental variable.

About 12 to 24 hours after the last meal, a person's blood sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, although it may rise to 130 mg per 100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range, despite uneven intake of sugar, is due to the body's ability to carry out ___.

homeostasis

When you are overheated, you perspire, and when you are too cold, you shiver to generate heat. Which property of life is best represented by this example?

homeostasis

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ___.

hypothesis

A possible explanation for a natural event, based on observations and past knowledge, is a

hypothesis.

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called ___.

inductive reasoning

Which classification category includes the most species?

kingdom

Ever since the antibiotic drug penicillin was discovered in 1928, the incidence of resistant bacteria has steadily increased as a direct result of

natural selection.

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, data collection conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, data collection observation, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, conclusion data collection, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, data collection

observation, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, conclusion

Which level of biological organization is composed of several tissues?

organ

A physician specializes in surgery involving the following group of organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Overall, what is the highest level of organization that this physician is specialized in?

organ system

A piece of petrified wood was once part of a living organism that has had its tissues replaced by minerals. Which property of life will still be present in the wood?

organization

All the banded sunfish ( Enneacanthus obesus) in a pond would comprise a(n)

population.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested. A hypothesis may become a theory, which may become a law. Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observed phenomena. Conclusions are formed after an experiment is conducted. Deductive reasoning is often used in the design of an experiment.

A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? A hypothesis may become a theory, which may become a law. A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested. Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observed phenomena. Deductive reasoning is often used in the design of an experiment. Conclusions are formed after an experiment is conducted.

A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? Conclusions are formed after an experiment is conducted. A hypothesis may become a theory, which may become a law. Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observed phenomena. A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested. Deductive reasoning is often used in the design of an experiment.

A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested.

Which statement is false regarding science? Information is gained by observing and testing. Information is gathered by scientific methods. Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement. Science helps us to understand the natural world. Science strives to be objective rather than subjective.

Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement.

Which statement is false regarding science? Science helps us to understand the natural world. Science strives to be objective rather than subjective. Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement. Information is gathered by scientific methods. Information is gained by observing and testing.

Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement.

All of the following will strengthen a scientific theory EXCEPT ___. faith : confirmation by many scientists repetitions of experiments increased number of observations

Faith.

True or False: Theories formed in everyday life carry the same validity as a scientific theory.

False.

Which of these classification categories contains the closest related group of organisms? genus domain phylum kingdom family

Genus

Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

Living things have levels of hierarchical organization.

Which of the following statements is based on scientific observation and reasoning?

Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface, regardless of the observer.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? The control and experimental group are identical except for one variable. Observations are used to form a hypothesis. Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis. Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment. Experiments need to be repeatable.

Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

All the organisms of various species living within a given area constitute a(n)

community.

What is the testable answer to a question? (It is sometimes called an "educated guess.")

hypothesis

Which statement is false regarding science?

Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement.

In the late 1800s, Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock. One French veterinarian had a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever. Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated. Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria. He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle. The other two cattle were left alone. What is the rationale for Pasteur's experimental design?

Two cattle represent a test of the treatment; two serve as a control to determine the likelihood of survival without treatment.

Science is based on ___.

evidence

Which statement regarding applied science (= technology) is false? Applied science helps us to understand the causes of cancer. Applied science is a basis for all ethical or moral decisions. Applied science may ease the feeding of the world population by producing new plant strains. Applied science has brought about life-improving discoveries, such as antibiotics. Scientific experimentation may make use of a model instead of an actual subject.

Applied science is a basis for all ethical or moral decisions.

Which domains contain organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Archaea and Bacteria

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning used to form a hypothesis? Fungi are not capable of photosynthesis. This cell from a mushroom has a nucleus. Every fungus that has ever been studied absorbs its food; therefore, food absorption is characteristic of fungi. All fungi absorb their food; if mushrooms are fungi; then the mushroom absorbs its food. A mushroom is classified in the kingdom Fungi of the domain Eukarya.

Every fungus that has ever been studied absorbs its food; therefore, food absorption is characteristic of fungi.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? Experimental results are often summarized in a graph or table. The control is not subjected to the experimental variable. Experimental results are reported in scientific journals. Statistical tests may be used to analyze experimental results. Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false.

Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? Selected Answer: Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false. Experimental results are often summarized in a graph or table. The control is not subjected to the experimental variable. Experimental results are reported in scientific journals. Statistical tests may be used to analyze experimental result

Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false.

Which statement about living organisms is not correct? Living organisms reproduce. Living organisms grow and develop. Living organisms have adaptations. Living organisms maintain homeostasis. Living organisms create energy.

Living organisms create energy.

Which statement about living organisms is not correct? Living organisms maintain homeostasis. Living organisms have adaptations. Living organisms create energy. Living organisms reproduce. Living organisms grow and develop.

Living organisms create energy.

Nutrient molecules are used to build cellular structures or for energy. This best represents which characteristic of life?

Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment.

The bones in a bird are hollow, reducing its weight for flight. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

Living things are adapted

Some students consume large amounts of coffee and so-called energy drinks to help them stay alert when studying. You notice that many who engage in this practice seem to do poorly on exams. Suppose you want to investigate the relationship between caffeine consumption and exam performance. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate hypothesis?

Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine.

Which statement concerning reproduction is false? Hereditary information is passed on to the next generation. The offspring of asexual organisms have the same genes as the single parent. The offspring of sexual organisms have roughly one half of the genes from each parent. The offspring of multicellular organisms tend to be identical to the parent. Hereditary information is in the form of genes.

The offspring of multicellular organisms tend to be identical to the parent.

Which statement concerning reproduction is false? The offspring of asexual organisms have the same genes as the single parent. The offspring of sexual organisms have roughly one half of the genes from each parent. The offspring of multicellular organisms tend to be identical to the parent. Hereditary information is in the form of genes. Hereditary information is passed on to the next generation.

The offspring of multicellular organisms tend to be identical to the parent.

Which of the following is a potential consequence if people stop using applied science in the agriculture industry? There could be a significant decrease in the amount of food produced. The extinction of the top level species that reside in the communities around the agricultural land. There would be a collapse of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. The amount of food produced would increase. None of these consequences will occur if people stop using technology in the agriculture industry.

There could be a significant decrease in the amount of food produced.

Which of the following might plausibly be said by a scientist? Although no one else gets the same results as I do, since I get the results in my experiments, it is still science. Test methods are unimportant since anyone can run another test; it is the results that make the substance of science. Since all the accumulated body of data support it, a hypothesis is definitely "true." There is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify any hypothesis. The test's results and conclusion finish the scientist's job; it is enough that a scientist alone now knows the results.

There is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify any hypothesis.

You are conducting an experiment to determine which brand of fertilizer results in the greatest amount of fruit production by tomato plants. In this example, the response variable would be the unfertilized tomato plants. fertilized tomato plants. brand of fertilizer. variety of tomato plants. amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants.

amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants.

The three major domains of life are

archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes

The layer where organisms can exist on the surface of the earth is the

biosphere

The smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the

cell.

Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex? cells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms-cells cells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organism tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms

cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms

Which of the following domains contains organisms that are adapted to life in harsh environments?

domain Archaea

Which of the following domains contains organisms that are adapted to life in harsh environments? domain Plantae domain Bacteria domain Eukarya domain Archaea domain Animalia

domain Archaea

Science is based on

evidence