Biology chapter review quiz's

Which of the follownig groups of fungi is NOT monophyletic? -Zygomycota -Basidiomycota -Glomeromycota -Ascomycota

Zygomycota

Structures on invading cells recognized by the adaptive immune system are known as a. antigens. c. antibodies. b. interleukins. d. lymphocytes.

a. antigens.

Morphogenesis is the development of a. growth form. с. a phase change. b. reproductive structures. d. meristems.

a. growth form.

Photoperiod is perceived by a. phytochrome and cryptochrome. b. phytochrome and chlorophyll. с. cryptochrome and chlorophyll. d. phytochrome, cryptochrome, and chlorophyll.

a. phytochrome and cryptochrome.

Senescence refers to a. plant aging. b. reproductive growth. C. pollination. d. the accumulation of storage reserves:

a. plant aging.

Unlike eudicot stems, monocot stems lack a. vascular bundles. c. pith. b. parenchyma. d. epidermis.

c. pith.

After the first mitotic division of the zygote, the larger of the two cells becomes the a. embryo. c. suspensor. b. endosperm. d. micropyle.

c. suspensor.

In stems, gravity is detected by cells of the b. cortex. d. endodermis. a. epidermis. с. periderm.

d. endodermis.

Dwarf mutants can sometimes be induced to grow normally by applying a. oligosaccharins C. ethylene. b. abscisic acid. d. gibberellin.

d. gibberellin.

Chilling most directly affects b. vacuolar inclusions. d. a. nuclear proteins. с. the cytoskeleton. membrane lipids.

d. membrane lipids.

a. b. anthers by meiosis. d. ovules by meiosis. anthers by mitosis. c. ovules by mitosis. Megaspores are produced in

d. ovules by meiosis.

During the globular stage of embryo development, apical meristems establish the a. embryo-suspensor axis. b. inner-outer axis. c. embryo-endosperm axis. d. root-shoot axis.

d. root-shoot axis.

The food-conducting cells in an oak tree are called a. tracheids. с. companion cells. b. vessels. d. sieve-tube members.

d. sieve-tube members.

appraise the fungal relationship between a forest tree and a basidiomycete and determine the most suitable classification for the symbiosis -Parasitism only -An arbuscular mycorrhizae -Ectomycorrhizae -A lichen

Ectomycorrhizae

Root hairs and lateral roots are similar in each respect except a. both increase the absorptive surface area of the root system. b. both are generally long-lived. с. C. both are multicellular. d. Both b and c are correct.

C. both are multicellular.

Which of the following statements about the pterophytes is accurate? -Horsetails and whisk fern form a single clade. -Ferns form a single clade. -Whisk ferns have euphylls -All pterophyte have a dominant sporophyte generation

-All pterophyte have a dominant sporophyte generation

Choose which of the following best reflects the symbiotic relationships between animals and fungi. -Protection from bacteria -colonization of land -protection from desiccation -Exchange of nutrients

-Exchange of nutrients

The early evolution of terrestrial plants was made possible by mycorrhizal relationships with the -Zygomycota -Basidiomycota -Glomeromycota -Ascomycota

-Glomeromycota

Determine which of the following is correct regarding the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae -It depends asexually by a process called budding -it produces an ascocarp during reproduction -it belongs in the group zygomycota -All of the choices are correct

-It depends asexually by a process called budding

In a culture of hyphae of unknown origin you notice that the hyphae lack septa and that the fungi reproduce asexually by using clumps of erect stalks. However, at times sexual reproduction can be observed. To what group of fungi would you assign it? -Basidiomycota -Zygomycota -Ascomycota -Chytridiomycota

-Zygomycota

Symbiotic relationships occur between the fungi and.. -plants -bacteria -animals -all of the above

-all of the above

Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying. Arrange the following into the correct order in time. Injured epidermal cells release histamine. Bacteria enter the cut. Helper T cells are activated. Macrophages engulf bacteria.

2a. Injured epidermal cells release histamine. 1b. Bacteria enter the cut. 4c. Helper T cells are activated. 3d. Macrophages engulf bacteria.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungus -Cell walls made of chitin -A form of mitosis different from plants and animals -Ability to conduct photosynthesis -Filamentous structure

Ability to conduct photosynthesi

Which of the following plant structures is not matched to its correct function? Stomata- allow gas transfer Tracheids- allow the movement of water and minerals Cuticle- prevents desiccation All of the choices are matches correctly

All of the choices are matched correctly

Which of the following statement is correct regarding the bryophytes -The bryophytes represent a monophyletic clade -The sporophyte stage of all bryophytes is photosynthetic -Archegonium and antheridium represent haploid structures that produce reproductive cells -Stomata are common to all bryophytes

Archegonium and antheridium represent haploid structures that produce reproductive cells

Which of the following species of fungi is NOT associated with diseases in humans? Pnumocystis Jiroveci Aspergillus Favus Candida Albicans Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

A mjor innovation of land plants is embryo protection. How is a moss embryo protected from desiccation? -By the seed -By the antheridium -By the archegonium -By the lycophyll

By the archegonium

4. Which of the following defects would prevent auxin-induced gene expression? a. ARF transcription factor is unable to bind Aux/IAA proteins. C. Aux/IAA from binding ubiquitin, but they still can bind the ARE proteins have a defect that prevents them b. TIRI has a defect in its auxin binding site. d. Both b and c are correct. transcription factor.

C. Aux/IAA from binding ubiquitin, but they still can bind the ARE proteins have a defect that prevents them transcription factor.

2. Your roommate is taking biology with you this semester and thinks he understands short- and long-day plants. He purchases to see the difference himself plant to flower. He place roommate and reverse the outcome. flower, and the long-day plant will not. You play a trick on vou regimen of 10-hr days, expecting both plants under the same by first trying to cause the one plant of each type and decides short-day conditions and exposes each to a that the short-day plant will Specifically, what did you have to do? C. Quickly expose the plants to light b. Shorten the time each is exposed to light a. Lengthen the time each is exposed to light during the middle of night d. None of the choices is correct.

C. Quickly expose the plants to light during the middle of the night

5. You have come up with a brilliant idea to stretch your grocery would take it out of the bag, and it would that you have blown up like a balloon. budget by buying green fruit in bulk and then storing it in a han As you need fruit, vou miraculously ripen. How would this work? a. The bag would block light from reaching the fruit, so it would not ripen. b. The bag would keep the fruit cool, so it would not ripen, с. The high CO, levels in the bag would prevent ripening. d. The high O, levels in the bag would prevent ripening.

C. The high CO levels in the bag would prevent ripening

If you have type AB blood, which of the following results would be expected? a. Your blood agglutinates with anti-A antibodies only. b. Your blood agglutinates with anti-B antibodies only. C. Your blood agglutinates with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. d. Your blood would not agglutinate with either anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

C. Your blood agglutinates with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Perennial plants are a. always herbaceous. b. always woody. C. either herbaceous or woody. d. neither herbaceous nor woody.

C. either herbaceous or woody.

A stamen contains a a. style. C. filament. b. stigma. d. carpel.

C. filament.

A unique feature of plants is indeterminate growth. Indeterminate growth is possible because a. meristematic regions for primary growth occur throughout the entire plant body. b. all cell types in a plant often give rise to meristematic tissue. d. all cells in a plant continue to divide indefinitely. C. meristematic cells continually replace themselves.

C. meristematic cells continually replace themselves.

Cytotoxic T cells are called into action by the a. presence of histamine. b. presence of interleukin-1. C. presence of interleukin-2. d. interferon.

C. presence of interleukin-2

In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins generated by a similar mechanism. a. the proteins have unrelated structures, but diversity is b. the proteins have related structures, but diversity is generated by different mechanisms. C. the proteins have related structures, and diversity is generated by a similar mechanism, d. the proteins have unrelated structures, and diversity is generated by different mechanisms.

C. the proteins have related structures, and diversity is generated by a similar mechanism,

Which of the following genera most likely directly gave rise to the land plants? -Volvox -Ulva -Chlamydomanas -Chara

Chara

Based on physical characteristics, the _____ represent the most ancient phylum of fungi -Basidiomycota -Zygomycota -Ascomycota -Chytridiomycota

Chytridiomycota

Identify which of the following statements is true. -Moss and lycophytes have leaves -Leaves of lycophytes and pterophytes have different origins -Leaves were a bryophyte innovation -Leaf polarity genes in selaginella support the hypothesis that leaves evolved one time in all the land plants.

Leaves of lycophytes and pterophytes have different origins

How could a plant without roots obtain suffucient nutrient from the soil? -It cannot; all land plants have roots -Mychorrizal fungi associate with the plant and assist with the transfer of nutrients -Charophytes associate with the plant and assist with the transfer of nutrients -It relies on its xylem in the absence of a root

Mychorrizal fungi associate with the plant and assist with the transfer of nutrients

Examine the life cycle of a typical basidiomycetes and determine where you would expect to find a dikaryotic cell. Primary mycelium Secondary mycelium In the basidiospores In the zygote

Secondary mycelium

In comparing the Selaginella and Physcomitrella genoes, you would expect to find that.. -both have genes needed fro flagellar arms -Selaginella have 300 new genes not found in Physcomitrella -Selaginella, but not Physcomitrella, have abscisic acid genes and other abiotic stress genes. -Some of the novel genes in Selaginella encode proteins necessary for tracheid development

Some of the novel genes in Selaginella encode proteins necessary for tracheid development

Compare what happens to a spore mother cell as it gives rise to a spore with what happens to a spore as it gives rise to a gametophyte -The spore mother cell and the spore both go through meiosis -The spore mother cell and the spore both go through mitosis -The spore mother cell goes through mitosis and the spore goes through meiosis -The spore mother cell goes through meiosis and the spore goes through mitosis

The spore mother cell goes through meiosis and the spore goes through mitosis

The following evolutionary trends are seen in the seedless land plants -Gametophytes became photosynthetic -A key innovation accompanying the appearance of pterophytes was the haplodiplontic life cylce -The gametophyte generation became the dominant generation -There is increases protection of the sporophytes generation in its early developmental stages.

There is increases protection of the sporophytes generation in its early developmental stages.

Which of the following with not be found in a bryophyte? -Mycorrhizal associations -Rhizoids -Tracheids Cells -Photosynthetic Gametophytes

Tracheid Cells

Which of the following is NOT a primary meristem? a. Cork cambium c. Procambium b. Ground meristem d. Protoderm

a. Cork cambium

Monoecious plants such as corn have either staminate or carpelate flowers. Knowing what you do about the molecular mechanisms of floral development, which of the following might explain the development of single-sex flowers? a. Expression of B-type genes in the presumptive carpel whot will generate staminate flowers. b. Loss of A-type genes in the presumptive petal stamens instead whorf wil allow C-type and B-type genes to produce of petals in that whorl. C. Restricting B-type gene expression to the presumptive petal whorl will generate carpelate flowers. d. All of the choices are correct.

a. Expression of B-type genes in the presumptive carpel whot will generate staminate flowers.

Ifyou were to plant a de-etiolated (det2) mutant Arabidopsis seed and keep it in a dark box, what would you expect to happen? a. The seed would germinate normally, but the plant would, not become tall and spindly while it sought a light source, b. The seed would fail to germinate because it would not have light. C. The seed would germinate, and the plant would become tall and spindly while it sought a light source. d. The seed would germinate, and the plant would immediately die because it could not make sugar in the dark.

a. The seed would germinate normally, but the plant would, not become tall and spindly while it sought a light source,

Asexual reproduction is likely to be most common in which ecosystem? a. Tropical rainforest C. Arctic tundra b. Temperate grassland d. Deciduous forest

a. Tropical rainforest

9. Endosperm is produced by the union of b. a sperm cell with a synergid cell. a. a central cell with a sperm cell. C. an egg cell with a sperm cell. d. a suspensor with an egg cell.

a. a central cell with a sperm cell.

Stems and roots, respectively, exhibit a. a positive phototropic response and no phototropic response. b. a negative phototropic response and no phototropic response. c. no phototropic response and a positive phototropic response. d. no phototropic response and a negative phototropic response.

a. a positive phototropic response and no phototropic response.

The function of guard cells is to a. allow carbon dioxide uptake B. repel insects and other herbivores.loo C. support leaf tissue. d. allow water uptake.

a. allow carbon dioxide uptake

Plant organs form by d. Both a and b are corrrect. C. eliminating chromosomes in the precursor cells. b. cell migration into the a. cell division in meristematic tissue. appropriate position in the tissue.

a. cell division in meristematic tissue.

You've just bought a house with a great view of the mountains, but you have a neighbor who planted a bunch of trees that are now blocking your view. In an attempt to ultimately remove the trees and remain unlinked to the deed, you begin training several porcupines to enter the yard under the cover of night and perform a stealth operation. In order to most effectively kill the trees, you should train the porcupines to completely remove a. the vascular cambium. b. the cork. c. the cork cambium. d. the primary phloem.

a. the vascular cambium.

If you wanted to design an artificial cell that could safely carry drugs inside the body, which of the following molecules would you need to mimic to deter the immune system? a. МНС-1 с. Antigen b. Interleukin-1 d. Complement

a. МНС-1

Which of the following does NOT happen as a seed approaches a state of dormancy? a. The seed loses water. b. Abscisic acid levels in the embryo decrease. C. The seed coat hardens. d. Protein synthesis stops.

b. Abscisic acid levels in the embryo decrease.

If you exposed seeds to a series of red light versus far-red light treatments, which of the following exposure treatments would result in seed germination? a. Red; far-red b. Far-red; red Ca Red; far-red; red; far-red; red; far-red; red; far-red d. Both a and c are correct.

b. Far-red; red

Which one of the following acts as the "alarm signal" to activate the body's adaptive immune system by stimulating helper T cells? a. B cells c. Complement b. Interleukin-1 d. Histamines

b. Interleukin-1

Which statement about meristem cells in incorrect? a. One daughter cell of a dividing meristem cell remains meristematic and the other differentiates. b. Meristem cells have secondary cell walls for protection. c. Leaf primordia protect shoot apical meristems. d. Root apical meristems are protected by root caps.

b. Meristem cells have secondary cell walls for protection.

Which is the correct sequence of cell types encountered in an oak tree, moving from the center of the tree out? a. Pith, secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium. primary phloem, secondary phloem, cork cambium, cork b. Pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium. secondary phloem, primary phloem, cork cambium, cork C. Pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem, cork, cork cambium d. Pith, primary phloem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, secondary xylem, primary xylem, cork cambium, cork

b. Pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium. secondary phloem, primary phloem, cork cambium, cork

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the stems of vascular plants? a. Stems are composed of repeating segments, including nodes and internodes. b. Primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem. C. Vascular tissues may be arranged on the outside of the stem or scattered throughout the stem. d. Stems can contain stomata.

b. Primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem.

You have identified a mutant Arabidopsis plant with a very short stem. You find that an important GA-induced gene is not being transcribed because no RNA for the gene is detected. Which the following mutations would not result in this phenotype? a. A mutation in the GA transcription factor prevents DELLA proteins from binding. b. The enzyme needed for GA biosynthesis is defective. с. The GIDI protein cannot bind the SCF protein. d. There is a mutation in the promoter region of the GA-induced gene where the GA transcription factor would otherwise bind.

b. The enzyme needed for GA biosynthesis is defective.

6 Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for influenza viruses? а. They attack only the helper T cells, thereby suppressing immune system. b. They alter their surface proteins and thus avoid immune recognition. с. They don't actually generate an immune response; the "flu" is actually an inflammatory response. d. They are too small to serve as good antigens.

b. They alter their surface proteins and thus avoid immune recognition.

Diseases in which the person's immune system no longer recognizes its own MHC proteins are called a. allergies. b. autoimmune diseases! C. immediate hypersensitivity. d. delayed hypersensitivity.

b. autoimmune diseases!

Protoplasts are plant cells that lack a. nuclei. c. plasma membranes, b. cell walls. d. protoplasm.

b. cell walls.

3. In lowa, a company called Team Corn works to ensure that fields of seed corn outcross so that hybrid vigor can be maintained. They do this by removing the staminate (that is, to put Team Corn out of business, you would like to develop pollen-producing) flowers from the corn plants. In an attempt genetically engineered corn plants that a. contain Z genes to prevent germination of pollen on the stigmatic surface. b. contain S genes to stop pollen tube growth during self- fertilization. с. c. express B-type homeotic genes throughout developing flowers. d. express A-type homeotic genes throughout developing flowers.

b. contain S genes to stop pollen tube growth during self- fertilization.

8. Palisade and spongy parenchyma typically found in the mesophyll of а. monocots. C. monocots and eudicots. b. eudicots. d. neither monocots nor eudicots

b. eudicots.

When Charles and Francis Darwin investigated phototropisms in plants, they discovered that a. auxin was responsible for light-dependent growth. b. light was detected at the shoot tip of a plant.

b. light was detected at the shoot tip of a plant.

Cells that target and kill body cells infected by viruses are a. macrophages. с. monocytes. b. natural killer cells. d. neutrophils.

b. natural killer cells.

4. Roots differ from stems because roots lack a. vessel elements. c. an epidermis. b. nodes. d. ground tissue.

b. nodes.

In vascular plants, one difference between root and shoot systems is that a. root systems cannot undergo secondary growth. b. root systems undergo secondary growth, but do not form bark. с. root systems contain pronounced zones of cell elongation, whereas shoot systems do not. d. root systems can store food reserves, whereas stem structures do not.

b. root systems undergo secondary growth, but do not form bark.

Filteen years ago, your parents hung a swing from the lower branch of a large tree growing in your yard. When you go and sit. in it today, you realize it is exactly the same height off the ground as it was when you first sat in it 15 years ago. The reason the swing is not higher off the ground as the tree has grown is that a. the tree trunk lacks secondary growth. b. the tree trunk is part of the primary growth system of the plant, but elongation is no longer occurring in that part of the tree. C. trees lack apical meristems and so do not get taller. d. you are hallucinating, because it is impossible for the swing not to have been raised off the ground as the tree grew.

b. the tree trunk is part of the primary growth system of the plant, but elongation is no longer occurring in that part of the tree.

Suppose that a new disease is discovered that suppresses the immune system. Which of the following would indicate that the disease specifically affects the B cells rather than the helper or cytotoxic T cells? a. A decrease in the production of interleukin-2 b. A decrease in interferon production c. A decrease in the number of plasma cells d. A decrease in the production of interleukin-1

c. A decrease in the number of plasma cells

During seed germination, this hormone produces the signal for the aleurone to begin starch breakdown. a. Abscisic acid c. Gibberellic acid b. Ethylene d. Auxin

c. Gibberellic acid

If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering an antibody that would bind and disable the antibody responsible for allergic reactions, which of the following would you target? a. IgG с. c. IgE b. IgA d. IgD

c. IgE

Which of the following is stimulated by blue light? a. Seed germination b. Detection of plant spacing c. Phototropism d. Shoot elongation

c. Phototropism

handling infectious agents. This is because the epidermiş fighte you should check your hands for any breaks in the skin before You start a new job in a research lab. The lab protocols state that microbial infections by d. All of the choices are correct/ C. producing mucus to trap microorganisms. b. excreting lysozyme to attack bacteria. a. making the surface of the skin acidic.

d. All of the choices are correct

When you peel your potatoes for dinner, you are removing the majority of their a. dermal tissue. b. vascular tissue. C. ground tissue. d. Both a and b are correct. All of the choices are correct.

d. Both a and b are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a component of a flower? a. Sepal c. Carpel b. Stamen d. Bract

d. Bract

Which of the following plant cell type is mismatched to its function? a. Xylem-conducts mineral nutrients b. Phloem-serves as part of the bark c. Trichomes-reduces evaporation d. Collenchyma-performs photosynthesis

d. Collenchyma-performs photosynthesis

Which of the following might not be observed in a plant that grown on the Space Shuttle in space? a. Phototropism с. Circadian rhythms b. Photomorphogenesis d. Gravitropism

d. Gravitropism

If you were to relocate the pericycle of a plant root to the epidermal layer, how would it affect root growth? a. Secondary growth in the mature region of the root would not occur. b. The root apical meristem would produce vascular tissue in. place of dermal tissue. C. Nothing would change because the pericycle is normally located near the epidermal layer of the root. d. Lateral roots would grow from the outer region of the root and fail to connect with the vascular tissue.

d. Lateral roots would grow from the outer region of the root and fail to connect with the vascular tissue.

Which cells lack living protoplasts at maturity? a. Parenchyma b. Collenchyma c. Companion d. Sclerenchyma

d. Sclerenchyma

Unlike bee-pollinated flowers, bird-pollinated flowers b. contain a landing pad. a. produce a strong fragrance. C. produce a bull's-eye pattern. d. are red.

d. are red.

annual rings of formed by the 6. You can determine the age of an oak tree by counting the a. primary xylem; apical meristem b. secondary phloem; vascular cambium с. dermal tissue; cork cambium d. secondary xylem; vascular cambium

d. secondary xylem; vascular cambium

A fungal cell that contains two genetically different nuclei would be classified as -Monolaryotic -Bikaryotic -Homokaryotic -heterokaryotic

heterokaryotic

Evolutionary innovations that increase desiccation tolerance include -waxy cuticles -abscisic acid-signaling pathways -rhizoids -All of the choices are correct

waxy cuticles

Vernalization induces flowering following exposure to a. water. С. cold. b. drought. d. heat.

С. cold.

Which of the following root structures is no longer beneficial in which the plant roots exist primarily in an aqueous solution. Many vegetables are grown today through hydroponics, in hydroponics? b. Xylem d. Bark a. Epidermis с. Root cap

с. Root cap

The shoot tip of an emerging maize seedling is protected by a. hypосotyl. с. coleoptile, b. epicotyl. d. plumule.

с. coleoptile,

Root hairs form in the zone of a. cell division. с. maturation. b. elongation. d. More than one of the choices are correct.

с. maturation.