biology eoc

Based on the cladogram, if moths undergo complete metamorphosis, we would MOST LIKELY infer that

A.

One major difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells are the only ones with

A.

A model of a bacteriophage is shown in the image here. When comparing the virus/bacteriophage to the host cell that it infects, which statements are accurate? Select ALL that apply.

A. D.

The cardiovascular system transports materials around the body, taking nutrients from the digestive system to the tissues, moving oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and taking wastes to the kidneys where they are filtered and excreted. What functions does the cardiovascular system share with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell? Select ALL that apply.

A. D.

According to the fossil record found in these sedimentary layers, what conclusion can be drawn about the movement of life to land?

B.

Both prokaryote and eukaryote cells have this structure. It helps maintain homeostasis and is a boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment. It is the

B.

What technique enables scientists to determine if this really is the body of Jimmy Hoffa?

C.

Which kingdom is completely composed of unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic?

C.

In a cross between two heterozygous individuals (eg. Rr X Rr), the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring would be

D.

A plant with the dominant trait, wrinkled seeds, is crossed with a plant that has non-wrinkled seeds. All of the offspring are all wrinkled-seeded. What is the likelihood that the gametes of the wrinkled-seeded parent plant contain one non-wrinkled allele?

A.

All life on Earth started as unicelluar, prokaryotic organisms. Which of these structures was vital for organisms to develop in order to evolve into more complex, multicellular organisms?

A.

Compare the food energy in calories from burning the chip and the saltine. How can you explain this differences in terms of chemical composition?

A.

Examine the chemical reaction for photosynthesis shown here, illustrating the conversion of reactants to products during the reaction. Which of these statements BEST compares the change in energy level from the reactants to the products in this example?

A.

Have you ever heard of the phrase, "Meatless Mondays"? Experts know going meatless for one day a week is beneficial to your health. Consuming less meat reduces health problems and increases longevity; however it also benefits the environment. Consuming just 15% less meat can help our environment in many ways. What can you infer is one benefit?

A.

Whales are thought to have evolved from land animals similar to large otters. As evidence of this, whales have useless leg bones (structure C) that float inside their bodies. These leg bones are ___________ structures.

A.

In the Arctic marine habitat, fishing has long been a way of life. Natives to the area have satiably utilized the riches of the oceans for generations. Recently a commercial fishing company has entered this area and begun bottom trawling for small fish such as sardines and Arctic cod. How would such a fishing technique impact the ecosystem? Choose ALL that apply.

A. B. C. E.

A population of fruit flies is shown to be evolving as certain phenotypes seem to become more and more prominent over several years. Scientists have measured the changes, and the phenotypes have not been at equilibrium for more than five generations. Which of these factors could be playing a role in these changes? Select ALL that apply.

A. B. D.

Members of a city planning committee want to designate over 100 hectares of greenspace in the city limits as protected, natural areas. One committee member, a biologist, tries to convince the other committee members to implement a plan that maximizes biodiversity in the greenspace while reducing the likelihood of invasion by a nonnative species. Which proposals would support the biologist committee member's ideas? Select ALL that apply.

A. C.

A pedigree is shown above that tracks a trait through four generations in a family. Based on the inheritance patterns of this trait, which statements accurately justify that this is a sex-linked recessive trait? Select all that apply.

A. C. E.

Examine the model for natural selection for rodents and their predator species, the owls. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between genetic variation and natural selection? Select ALL that apply.

A. C. E.

A model for gene expression is shown here. Analyze the model and evaluate which statement(s) below are correct based on the gene expression. Select ALL that apply.

A. D.

A tiny rocky island in the South Pacific is home to a very small food chain. Coconut palms grow on the island and drop coconuts. The coconuts are eaten by coconut crabs. The coconut crabs are then eaten by seals. According to an ecological energy pyramid, the seals would receive about ___________ of the energy from the coconuts.

B.

Many cactus plants, such as the species shown in the illustration, use a special type of photosynthesis called CAM photosynthesis. This specialized process allows the cactus plant to keep the stoma or leaf openings closed during the day. Most other plant species keep their stoma open during daylight hours. Which is the MOST likely reason that cactus use this special photosynthetic process?

B.

North Carolina ranks second in production of Christmas trees in the United States. Scientists in North Carolina are developing a clone bank of disease and insect resistant trees. How would this be beneficial to Christmas tree growers?

B.

Review the schematic diagram of photosynthesis and the involvement of the chloroplast in this process. All BUT ONE choice describes what is happening in the light dependent reaction.

B.

Scientists have recently devised a new six-kingdom classification of organisms. According to the cladogram for the six-kingdom system

B.

The human body contains many different types of glands; glands that secrete digestive enzymes, mucus, and sweat. These secretions are modified, sorted, and packaged for later release from gland cells. What cellular organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

B.

Using the product rule of probability, calculate the odds of getting an individual that receives the bb genotype and therefore shows the recessive trait, white flowers.

B.

Why are many bacterial infections more difficult to treat now than they were fifty years ago?

B.

Distinguish between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell by selecting the accurate statements that apply to eukaryotic cells. Check all that apply.

B. D. E.

Five strands of mRNA are depicted here, numbered 1-5. The mRNA sequence labeled number 1 indicates the codons that result from the transcription of the original, unmutated DNA. Identify the statements below that accurately describe the impacts of the mutations shown based on the illustrations. Select ALL answer choices that apply.

B. D. E.

Examine the energy pyramid shown above. Suppose that your teacher hands you a clump of grass and a rabbit. You are told to place them on the correct level of the energy pyramid. On which levels would you place the grass and the rabbit?

C.

In humans, excess blood glucose is stored in the liver and in muscle tissue in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is a long chain of glucose molecules bonded together. Because of this, glycogen is called a _____________________.

C.

In the scenario above, identify the keystone and foundation species. Infer what might happen if the keystone species were greatly reduced.

C.

Mendel's experiments with pea plants demonstrated the law of dominance: traits are inherited as dominant and recessive alleles, and the dominant allele for a trait can mask the presence of the recessive allele. Occasionally, that law is contradicted: offspring exhibit a blend of their parents' traits. For example a red flowering plant when crossed with a white flowering plant would produce a plant with pink flowers. In a genetic cross between a homozygous red flowering plant and a heterozygous pink flowering plant, predict the probability of having offspring with red flowers.

C.

Mitosis is responsible for growth, repair, and maintenance in an organism because

C.

More than one million years ago, a single species of finch migrated to the Galapagos from the mainland of Central or South America. From this one migrant species at least thirteen species of finch would eventually evolve. This process in which one species gives rise to multiple species that exploit different niches is called adaptive radiation. In describing the four different finch species we see here, we could also say that filling these varied niches would classify the birds as

C.

On a farm, there has been a sudden spike in the rodent population, causing an increase in crop damage and, as a result, loss of income. What practice might have contributed to the spike in the rodent population?

C.

Scientists routinely explore whether two different animal species have evolved from a recent common ancestor. _______________ is the LEAST useful technique to help with this determination.

C.

The burning of coal, a fossil fuel, produces water and carbon dioxide. How is this similar to cellular respiration?

C.

The debate regarding viruses continue. According to this passage, some consider viruses to be alive because they

C.

The human stomach secretes an enzyme known as pepsin. This enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller chemical molecules called peptides. If pepsin was mixed in a laboratory with sugar molecules like glucose, what is the MOST LIKELY result?

C.

The process of genetic modification involves inserting a gene from bacteria or a virus (or a gene that helps plants survive the application of highly toxic pesticides) into an organism where it would normally not be found. The purpose is to alter the genetic code in plants and animals to make them more productive or resistant to pests or farming techniques, like being doused with chemicals that would ordinarily kill them. Michael is part of the debate team that must present arguments for NOT utilizing GMO crops. All BUT ONE is a valid point Michael might use.

C.

What conclusions can be drawn from analyzing this food web? I. All the energy contained within the organisms in the web comes from the sun. II. The energy from the caterpillar is transferred to the plant. III. The hawk is the top predator. IV. Energy is transferred from organism to organism in this food web. V. The bunny is the organism that harnesses the energy from the sun.

C.

Which observation BEST supports evidence that two different species share a common ancestor?

C.

While conducting experiments with E. coli, Meselson and Stahl established that during DNA replication, each of the two strands that compose the double helix were used as a template for the new strands of DNA. The scientists described the replication method as semi-conservative. Explain what this means in terms of DNA replication.

C.

The processes of transcription and translation are critical pieces of gene expression to produce proteins in all living cells on earth. Which statements correctly differentiate transcription and translation? More than one statement may apply.

C. D. E.

When examining the groupings for life on Earth, a student lists six major groups, including archaebacteria, true bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. The student wants to organize the groups by similar features. The student knows that plants are autotrophic and can photosynthesize to make their own food. Which other groups can be organized into the group that is considered autotrophs because they have some species that can photosynthesize? Select ALL that apply.

C. D. E.

A female cat has two recessive genes for long fur (ss) and a male cat has two dominant genes for short fur (SS). What is the likelihood the two cats produce a kitten with short fur?

D.

A species of mice can have long or short tails. If you crossed a male mouse which is heterozygous and has a long tail with a female mouse with a short tail, what would the expected phenotypic outcome be and why?

D.

Conserving the quality of available water is a high priority world-wide. There are many countries whose water supply is reaching dangerous levels of contamination. For example, the longest river in China, the Yangtze, is less than 5 years from death if nothing changes. The statements below are possible effects on the environment if the Yangtze dies, which one is a positive effect on the environment?

D.

Coral reefs are ideal breeding grounds for a variety of fish and sea creatures, and coral is considered a foundation species. Unfortunately, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems and are easily disrupted. Because coral contain calcium carbonate deposits, one situation poses a growing threat to coral as well as the many organisms that are dependent on them. That situation is

D.

How did the appearance of microbial life on land increase the formation of a living soil during early Earth, which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants?

D.

In a protected grassland preserve, there are herds of antelope and zebra and a pride of fifteen lionesses with cubs. A conservation program for lions plans to move the pride to a national park fifty miles north. What effect would this move have on the stability of this grassland preserve?

D.

In the chemical process of photosynthesis, sunlight is primarily considered a(n)

D.

In the semi arid regions of China, the country's inhabitants have practiced water harvesting for generations. Water harvesting is the process of collecting rainfall and/or runoff for later use. How does this water conservation method help the environment?

D.

One kingdom is not named in the graphic. It contains the most ancient bacteria that live in extreme environments. Examples include: halophiles and methanogens. To which kingdom do these belong?

D.

What two processes fuel the carbon cycle?

D.

Which factor would INCREASE the carrying capacity for white-tailed deer in an Eastern temperate forest ecosystem?

D.

Which of these products is formed during the metabolic reactions of cellular respiration?

D.