Biology Exam 1, Chapter 5
Which of the following accurately summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
"Chloroplasts capture sunlight, carbon dioxide is split, oxygen is released, and oxygen is used to convert captured energy into glucose."
Which of the following are photosynthetic organisms?
Algae, Cyanobacteria, and Pine Trees
Many biofuels require arable land for their production. Which of the following would limit the production of biofuels with this in mind?
Arable land for corn and wheat biofuels is also required to grow food crops. Arable land is not limitless.
Fossil Fuels
Carbon-rich energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are formed from the compressed, fossilized remains of once-living organisms.
"Each time energy is converted from one form to another, a percentage of that energy is lost as _______ or fails to be converted."
Heat
"What would happen to humans and other animals if algae, cyanobacteria, and plants were wiped out?"
Heterotrophs would not be able to use autotrophs as a source of energy. Autotrophs would not be able to use heterotrophs as a source of energy.
Why did searching for unique algae species open new opportunities for their use as a biofuel?
It made the process more cost effective. It allowed algae to be grown in a wider range of locations. It can make the process independent of sunlight. It allowed for the use of existing forms of chemical energy.
Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. Where do the carbon atoms in glucose come from?
Molecules in the air
Which of the following describes the ways photosynthetic algae and animals obtain and use energy.
Most algae can obtain energy from light. Some rare algae can obtain energy from sugar. Animals obtain energy from sugar made by light-absorbing energy producers.
Photosynthesis can be broken down into two basic mechanisms (photo and synthesis). Which of the following describes these two mechanisms?
Photo absorption of light; Synthesis carbon fixation
Chemical Energy
Potential energy stored in the bonds of biological molecules EX: Fuel
Biofuels
Renewable fuels made from living organisms EX: Plants and algae
Potential Energy
Stored Energy
Kinetic Energy
The Energy of motion or movement
"What energy source drives the carbon fixation process of photosynthesis, and where does it come from?"
The chemical energy ATP made from light absorption drives carbon fixation.
Carbon Fixation
The conversion of inorganic carbon into organic forms (sugars)
Light Energy
The energy of the elecromagnetic spectrum of radiation that is visible to the human eye
ATP
The molecule that cells use to power energy-requiring functions. Used in the synthesis part of photosynthesis to make sugar
Why are energy-rich lipids from algae more useful as a fuel than energy-rich sugars and other carbohydrates produced by photosynthetic organisms such as corn and wheat?
The sugars contain less chemical energy than the lipids. The sugars require an additional fermentation step to produce usable chemical energy. The lipids can be used directly as fuel.
Why are algae considered more valuable for biofuel than plants (such as corn)?
Their photosynthetic products are oils. They are cheaper to grow. They do not require as much CO2 They do not require as much fertilizer.
A new species you have discovered has the ability to absorb sugar to be used for energy and also contains chloroplasts. What would these properties tell you about the organism?
This organism is both a heterotroph and an autotroph.
_____________ can directly use the energy of sunlight to make their own food, and _____________ must rely on other organisms to provide the energy they need to survive."
autotrophs; heterotrophs
What is driving our search for alternative fuel sources?
legislation that requires a certain production of biofuels in the next 10 years the dwindling fossil fuel resources global warming from carbon dioxide emissions
When considering which biofuel is the most sustainable, which of the following must be considered?"
water use energy use fertilizer and pesticide use