Biology Exam: Chapters 7,8,9 Study Questions

T/F: Are somatic cells diploid (2n)?

True

Which pairing is incorrect? a. C:G b. A:T c: T:C d. A:G e. Both a and b f. Both c and d

f. both c and d

A man with AB blood type and a woman with O blood type have a son. What is the probability that his blood type is O? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

e. 0%

Plant color is determined by codominance. A true breeding red plant is crossed with a true breeding yellow plant. What is the probability that the offspring will be a different color than both of the parents? a. 25% b. 75% c. 67% d. 50% e. 100%

e. 100%

There are ___ hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine bases and __ phosphodiester bonds between cytosine and glycine. a. 2,3 b. 3, 2 c. 0,3 d. 2, 1 e. 2,0

e. 2, 0

A fruit fly egg has 12 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would you expect to find in a single nuclear area at the end of meiosis II telophase? a. 0 b. 6 c. 12 d. 24 e. 48

a. 0

What subphrase of meiosis helps explain Mendel's law of segregation? a. anaphase I b. anaphase II c. telophase I d. telophase II e. metaphase I

a. anaphase I

When do homologs separate? a. anaphase I of meiosis b. anaphase of mitosis c. telephase d. cytokinesis e. none of the above

a. anaphase I of meiosis

Which of the following represents a deletion of the term: ABCDEFG: a. ABCDFEG b. ABCDECDEFG c. ABEDCFG d. ABCDEG e. ABBCDEFG

d. ABCDEG

In apples, red is dominant to green and sweet is dominant to tart. In the F1 progeny, a red sweet apple is test crossed with a green tart apple. The results were 39 red, sweet; 33 green tart; 21 red tart; and 27 green sweet. Based on the data, what do the genes indicate? a. they are on different chromosomes b. they are linked but don't cross over c. they are linked with a genetic distance of 20% d. they are linked with a genetic distance of 40% e. they are not linked at all

d. they are linked with a genetic distance of 40%

What is the end result of Meiosis I? a. four haploid daughter cells b. two diploid daughter cells c. four diploid daughter cells d. two haploid daughter cells e. none of the above

d. two haploid daughter cells

An organism has gametes that contain 18 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of its somatic cells? a. 9 b. 18 c. 27 d. 36 e. 92

d. 36

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disease. What is the probability of a heterozygous father and a homozygous mother will have sickle cell anemia. a. 60% b. 20% c. 43% d. 50% e. 100%

d. 50%

What is a characteristic of an individual with an autosomal dominant disorder? a. at least one parent of the affected individual will be affected b. both parents of the affected individual are affected c. neither parent of the affected individual is affected d. the progeny of an affected individual cannot be affected e. a and d are both correct

a. at least one parent of the affected individual will be affected

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? a. the genotype is the composition of the alleles but the phenotype is the trait that is displayed b. a phenotype is the composition of alleles and a genotype is the trait shown c. they mean the same thing d. the phenotype is the trait of the parents but the genotype is the trait of the offspring

a. the genotype is the composition of alleles but the phenotype is the trait that is displayed

One parent (Aa) is affected with an autosomal dominant disease and the other is not affected, what is/are the possible genotype(s) of their offspring? a. aa b. AA or aa c. AA, Aa, aa d. Aa or aa e. AA

d. Aa or aa

An organism with two copies of the dominant allele is called a. homozygous dominant b. heterozygous dominant c. homozygous recessive d. heterozygous recessive e. codominant

a. homozygous dominant

Which of the following are the correct attributes to Mitosis and Meiosis? a. mitosis-2 genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis-4 genetically different haploid cells b. mitosis-4 genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis-2 genetically different haploid cells c. mitosis-2 genetically identical haploid cells; meiosis-4 genetically different diploid cells d. mitosis-2 genetically different diploid cells; meiosis-4 genetically identical haploid cells e. both mitosis and meiosis are genetically different cells

a. mitosis-2 genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis-4 genetically different haploid cells

___ refers to physical appearance and ____ refers to genetic makeup a. phenotype, genotype b. genotype, phenotype c. allele, phenotype d. allele, genotype e. phenotype, allele

a. phenotype, genotype

What is NOT a reason for apoptosis? a. the cell wants to go to another area of the body b. the cell is no longer needed c. the cell is prone to genetic damage d. there is an infection on the cell site

a. the cell wants to go to another area of the body

Which of the following is true? a. the law of segregation shows that 2 copies of a gene separate when an individual makes gametes b. R and r are both recessive genes c. phenotypes show the genetic make up d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. the law of segregation shows that 2 copies of a gene separate when an individual makes gametes

Mitosis and Meiosis both have which of the following in common: a. they only take place in eukaryotes b. they only take place in prokaryotes c. both make exact copies of their cells d. both only produce 2 copies of a cell e. all of the above

a. they only take place in eukaryotes

If a somatic cell has 20 chromosomes, how many homologous pairs are present in prophase 1 of meiosis? a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 40 e. 80

b. 10

If a diploid cell has 20 chromosomes, how many total chromosomes would be present in mitosis metaphase and meiosis I metaphase? a. 20 and 40 b. 20 and 20 c. 40 and 40 d. 10 and 10 e. 10 and 20

b. 20 and 20

Queen Victoria is famous for carrying hemophilia and her disorder was spread throughout several families of Europe. her youngest daughter is unaffected and married a normal male and had 2 hemophilic male offspring. If she were to have another child today, what is the probability that her offspring would be a hemophilic male? a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 100%

b. 25%

A gamete cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in a single nuclear area after the cell undergoes Mitotic Telophase and Meiosis II telophase? a. 0, 0 b. 46, 23 c. 23, 46 d. 92, 23 e. 46, 46

b. 46, 23

What is the ratio of offspring for a dihybrid cross? a. 3:1 b. 9:3:3:1 c. 9:3:4 d. 1:2:1

b. 9:3:3:1

Which of the following correctly matches the name of a scientist and the contribution they made to understanding the structure of DNA? a. Watson and Crick; discovered DNA for an S strain of bacteria can genetically transform an R strain to an S type b. Rosalind Franklin; used X-ray crystallography to discover DNA is a double helix structure c. Hershey and Chase; discovered there are equal amounts of A and T and C and G d. Avery, Macleod, and McCarthy; used X-ray crystallography to determine the shape of DNA Erwin Chargaff; discovered the structure of DNA

b. Rosalind Franklin; used X-ray crystallography to discover DNA is a double helix structure

A cross between a red flower and a white flower yields a pink flower. What is true? a. each flower had three alleles so Mendelian genetics does not apply b. incomplete dominance. meant that neither allele was recessive c. the red flower was true breeding but the white flower was a heterozygote d. both alleles were dominant e. through epistasis, the white gene prevented the red gene from being fully deposited

b. incomplete dominance meant that neither allele was recessive

Independent assortment occurs during: a. mitosis only b. meiosis only c. both mitosis and meiosis d. neither mitosis nor meiosis

b. meiosis only

In which phase of Meiosis does independent assortment occur? a. prophase I b. metaphase I c. telophase I d. anaphase I d. prophase II

b. metaphase I

Which function is aligned properly with the correct stage of meiosis?a. telophase I-centromeres of paired chromatids line up across the equatorial line of each cell b. metaphaseI-homologous chromosomes are paired at the midline of the cell c. anaphase II-homologs are aligned by synapsis, condensing chromosomes further d. telophase II-homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell e. pro metaphase I-chromosomes gather into nuclei, dividing the new cells

b. metaphase I-homologous chromosomes are paired at the midline of the cell

Which statement is correct about meiosis? a. a synapse occurs when sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell during meiosis II b. no DNA replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II c. 2 diploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis I that are then divided into haploid cells in meiosis II d. cytokinesis only occurs at the end of meiosis II e. meiosis results in 4 haploid nuclei that are genetically identical to each other

b. no DNA replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II

Due to a mutation in the cyclin gene, a cell makes cyclin protein, but the mutant protein cannot bind CDK. Which of the following events will be negatively affected by this mutation? a. there is rapid cell growth b. the cell cannot enter the certain phases such as S and M c. the product cannot be synthesized d. the cell cannot enter meiosis e. there is no negative affect

b. the cell cannot enter the certain phases such as S and M

In peas, yellow is dominant to green and round is dominant to wrinkled. If a true-breeding yellow round pea plant crossed with a gene wrinkled pea plant, the F1 generation would all be heterozygous. The offspring of a cross between an F1 and a green wrinkled pea plant are listed as: 55 yellow round, 55 green wrinkled, 0 yellow wrinkled, 0 green round. Which of the following is a correct conclusion based on this data? a. the genes that determines color is on a different chromosomes from the gene that determines shape b. the gene that determines color is on the same chromosome as the gene that determines the shape and crossing over did not occur between the two genes c. the gene that determines color is on the same chromosome as the gene that determines the shape and crossing over did occur between the two genes d. the two genes assort independently e. the two genes are on different chromosomes

b. the gene that determines color is on the same chromosome as the gene that determines the shape and crossing over did not occur between the two genes

What is a dihybrid cross? a. a form of asexual reproduction b. two organisms crossed together who are heterozygous for each of two genes c. one homozygous organism crossed with two heterozygous organisms d. when you study a short-stemmed pea plant with a long-stemmed pea plant e. the study of the inheritance of one trait

b. two organisms crossed together who are heterozygous for each of two genes

A particular species of frog has 20 chromosomes in a nerve cell. After telophase 2 is complete in meiosis, how many chromosomes are present in the cells and how many cells are made? a. 10, 2 b. 20, 2 c. 10, 4 d. 20, 4 e. 40, 4

c. 10, 4

A germ cell has 32 chromosomes. It undergoes two divisions after only replicating its genetic material once. How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have at the end of this process? a. 0 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32 e. 64

c. 16

Which accurately compares the final products between mitosis and meiosis? a. 2 genetically identical daughter cells; 4 genetically identical daughter cells b. 4 genetically different gametes; 4 sister chromatids c. 2 genetically identical daughter cells; 4 genetically different daughter cells d. products are two haploid cells; products are 4 diploid cells e. mitosis and meiosis are the same

c. 2 genetically identical daughter cells; 4 genetically different daughter cells

In cats, black hair is dominant to brown hair and short hair is dominant to long hair. A black, long haired cat (Hhrr) is crossed with a brown short haired cat (hhRr). What percentage of the offspring will be black with long hair? a. 12.5% b. 50% c. 25% d. 75% e. 100%

c. 25%

At the end of meiosis and mitosis, meiosis ends up with ___ cells and those cells are ___ and mitosis ends up with ___ cells and those cells are ____. a. 2 identical; 4 not identical b. 1 haploid; 1 diploid c. 4 not identical; 2 identical d. 4 identical; 2 not identical e. 2 identical; 2 not identical

c. 4 not identicall; 2 identical

A rabbit egg has 22 chromosome. How many chromosome are present in a rabbit's skin cell? a. 11 b. 22 c. 44 d. 66 e. 88

c. 44

Cystic Fibrosis is a classical autosomal recessive disorder. Which of the following is the expected phenotypic ratio for the progeny of a woman affected by CF and a man who carries the mutant CF allele. a. 75% normal, 25% affected b. all normal c. 50 normal, 50 affected d. all affected e. 75 affected, 25 normal

c. 50 normal, 50 affected

A kidney cell has 46 chromosomes. During metaphase of mitosis, there are ____ sister chromatids; during metaphase II, there are ____ sister chromatids? a. 46, 46 b. 46, 23 c. 92, 46 d. 46, 92 e. 23, 46

c. 92, 46

___ is activated when it is bound to the protein ___ a. CDK, integrin b. RB, Cyclin c. CDK, Cyclin d. RB, Cyclin e. RB, Integrin

c. CDK, Cyclin

Which one of these is the correct definition for each of the phases of meiosis listed? a. metaphase I, sister chromatids separate b. prophase II, homologs pair along their entire lengths and cross over c. anaphase I, homologs separate from one another d. telophase II, chromosomes condense e. metaphase II, two nuclei form

c. anaphase I, homologs separate from one another

Which of the following is not true about why Mendel used garden peas to understand heredity? a. easy to grow/manipulate b. able to self fertilize c. do not cross fertilize d. lots of progeny e. have clear cut traits

c. do not cross fertilize

Which of the following occurs in both mitosis and meiosis? a. homologs separate b. diploid cell produces haploid daughter cells c. sister chromatids separate d. four daughter cells are produced e. all of the above

c. sister chromatids separate

In mice, gray hair is dominant to white hair. A mouse with gray hair (GG) mates with a heterozygous mouse. What percentage of the offspring will have gray hair? a. 50% b. 25% c. 75% d. 100% e. 33%

d. 100%

Which of the following sequences is complementary to the sequence 3' AGGCTTA 5' ? a. 5' TAAGCCT 3' b. 3' TCCGAAT 5' c. 5' TAGCGGT 3' d. 3' TAAGCCT 5' e. 3' TGGACCT 5'

d. 3' TAAGCCT

Domestic cats have 19 pairs of homologous chromosomes in their somatic body cells. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a triploid cell? a. 19 b. 38 c. 39 d. 57 e. 76

d. 57

If there is an autosomal recessive disorder and the mom who is affected and dad who is not affected have kids and all 4 kids are not affected, what is the genotype of the dad? a. AA b. Aa c. aa d. either AA or Aa e. none of the above

d. either AA or Aa

Meiosis only occurs in ___ organisms that reproduce ___; and mitosis occurs in ____ organisms that reproduce ____/ a. eukaryotic, asexually; eukaryotic, asexually b. prokaryotic, asexually; eukaryotic, sexually c. eukaryotic, sexually; prokaryotic, asexually d. eukaryotic, sexually; eukaryotic, asexually e. prokaryotic, sexually; prokaryotic, sexually

d. eukaryotic, sexually; eukaryotic, asexually

Which of the following is not observed with recessive inheritance? a. two parents who are unaffected can produce a child that is affected b. heterozygotes are unaffected c two parents who are unaffected can have an unaffected child d. heterozygotes can be affected e. a trait has skipped a generation

d. heterozygotes can be affected

Which of the following statement about maternal inheritance is accurate? a. genes are linked to the y chromosome b. chromosomes are only found in the nucleus c. DNA linked to the maternal inheritance is found in the DNA d. mitochondria and plastics are only inherited from the mother e. mitochondria and plastics are inherited from both parents equally

d. mitochondria and plastics are only inherited from the mother

In which phase during mitosis do homologous pairs crossover (exchange genetic material)? a. prophase b. metaphase c. telophase d. never e. prometaphase

d. never

The short "starter" strand used in DNA replication is called the ___. In most organisms it is made of ___. a. template, DNA b. template RNA c. primer, DNA d. primer, RNA

d. primer, RNA

Which of the following is the correct pairing of events in meiosis I? a. prophase I sister chromatids pair along their entire lengths and crossover b. telophase I homologs separate from one another c. anaphase I sister chromatids separate from one another d. prophase I homologs pair along their entire lengths and crossover e. anaphase I 2 nuclei form each with half the original chromosomes

d. prophase I homologs pair along their entire lengths and crossover

In a plant red is dominant to orange and long leaves are dominant to short. A true breeding red long plant mated with an orange short plant. The F1 progeny are test crossed. The results were 25 red long; 25 orange short; 25 red short; 25 orange long. Based on this data, what conclusions would you draw about the genes that control fruit color and leaf length. a. the genes are located on the same chromosome 30 map units apart b. crossing over appeared on the same chromosome c. the two genes are located on the same chromosome 20 map units apart d. the genes were on different chromosomes e. the two genes did not cross over fully

d. the genes were on different chromosomes

Which of the following about DNA strands is false? a. DNA is a right handed helix b. the strands are parallel c. the nucleotides are held together by phosphodiester bonds d. the strands are held together by hydrogen bonds e. the helix has a uniform diameter

d. the strands are parallel

Incomplete dominance is when: a. both phenotypes are showing b. both genotypes are showing c. there is a mixture of the genotypes showing d. there is a mixture of the phenotypes showing

d. there is a mixture of the phenotypes showing

In which phase during meiosis do the kinetochore microtubules shorten? a. metaphase I b. telophase II c. metaphase II d. both a and c e. anaphase I

e. anaphase I

Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. mitosis is a means of asexual reproduction and meiosis is sexual reproduction b. mitosis results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells, but meiosis results in 4 genetically different daughter cells c. both the starting cells or parent cells of mitosis and meiosis are diploid (2n) d. both mitosis and meiosis are examples of cell division e. at the first anaphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate

e. at the first anaphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate

A Dalmatian has a white coat that is spotted with black dots. The Dalmatian's mother has a white coat and the father has a black coat. Which statement is accurate? a. this is an example of codominance b. this is an example of epistatis c. this is an example of incomplete dominance d. both of the parent's alleles are expressed e. both a and d

e. both a and d

What is the function of the molecular motor proteins kinesis and dyne in regards to chromosomes? a. they move the chromosomes along the microtubules to draw them further away from the poles b. they replicate the chromosomes during interphase c. they are not present in the nucleus of the cell d. they replicate the chromosomes during anaphase e. they move the chromosomes along the microtubules to draw them closer to the poles

e. they move the chromosomes along the microtubules to draw them closer to the poles