Biology Game Questions: Biochemistry

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together through base-pairing. Which of the following best describes the base-pairing in DNA? A) Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine B) Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with uracil C) Cytosine forms two hydrogen bonds with guanine D) Cytosine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine

A) Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine

Which of the following structures remains the same when a protein becomes denatured? A) Primary structure B) Tertiary structure C) Quaternary structure D) Secondary structure

A) Primary structure

Heating or lowering the pH beyond a protein's range of tolerance can result in denaturing the protein by _______________. A) breaking the weak hydrogen bonds, causing the protein to unwind or change shape B) dissolving peptide bonds between amino acids in the polypeptide chain C) causing the molecule to fold and wind tighter, covering the surface receptor sites D) breaking the strong covalent bonds of the protein's primary structure

A) breaking the weak hydrogen bonds, causing the protein to unwind or change shape

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of 10^-12 M? A) pH 2 B) pH 4 C) pH 10 D) pH 12

A) pH 2

The insolubility of fats in water is primarily due to ___________. A) the many non-polar C-H bonds B) the presence of glycerol in their structure C) the variety of fatty acids in fat molecules D) the large number of double bonds between carbon atoms in fat molecules

A) the many non-polar C-H bonds

What are the main components of a triglyceride? A) A sugar-phosphate backbone and three fatty acids B) A glycerol backbone and three fatty acids C) A polar head, a glycerol backbone, and three fatty acids D) A cholesterol molecule, a glycerol backbone, and three fatty acids

B) A glycerol backbone and three fatty acids

The property that allows water to stick to certain surfaces is ______________. A) Cohesion B) Adhesion C) Specific Heat D) Polarity

B) Adhesion

In living systems molecules involved in hydrogen bonding almost always contain either oxygen or nitrogen or both. How do you explain this phenomenon? A) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in both nucleic acids and proteins B) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements with very high attractions for their electrons C) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in fats and carbohydrates D) Oxygen and nitrogen were both components of gases that made up the early atmosphere

B) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements with very high attractions for their electrons

Why are hydrocarbons hydrophobic? A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages C) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity D) They are less dense than water

B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by ____________. A) ionic bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) cohesion D) peptide bonds

B) hydrogen bonds

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a _________. A) slightly damp surface B) surface of hydrocarbons C) surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds D) surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds

B) surface of hydrocarbons

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because _________. A) the oxygen atom donates an electron to each of the hydrogen atoms B) the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus C) the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms D) one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom

B) the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus

Disulfide bonds are associated with which of the following? A) Arginine residues and secondary structure B) Cysteine residues and quaternary structure C) Cysteine residues and tertiary structure D) Arginine residues and tertiary structure

C) Cysteine residues and tertiary structure

How is the primary structure of a protein formed? A) Hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid of another B) Peptide bonds between R-groups C) Peptide bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another D) Hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the R-group on another

C) Peptide bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

DNA codes for 20 different amino acids. Which of the following is responsible for making each of the amino acids unique from one another? A) hydroxyl group B) amino group C) R-group D) sulfhydryl group

C) R-group

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ____________. A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom

C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals

Steroids typically contain ______ carbon ring(s) in their structure. A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four

D) Four

Where are lipids are most commonly found in cells? A) The cytosol B) The extracellular matrix C) Organelle matrices D) Membranes

D) Membranes

Which of the following are the purine nucleotides? A) adenine and cytosine B) guanine and thymine C) cytosine and thymine D) adenine and guanine

D) adenine and guanine

Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that _________. A) solution Y has no free hydrogen ions (H+) B) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X C) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 3 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y D) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y

D) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y