Biology Goal 1

A daughter cell that resulted from a mitotic division has 24 chromosomes. How many chromosomes did the parent cell have?

24

A bone cell of a goat contains 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be in the gametes made through meiosis?

30

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?

Both contain ribosomes, DNA, and a plasma membrane

What is the function of cilia and flagella?

Cell Movement

Which structures are found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

Cell wall, Chloroplast, large central vacoule

What organelles are found in plants that are not found in animal cells?

Chloroplast, Large central vacuole, and cell wall

Many protozoa have tiny hair-like structures that beat back and forth to aid a protozoa's movement. What are these hair-like structures called?

Cilia

What is a primary function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves a cell.

What best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.

How does the size of a eukaryotic organism normally compare to the size of a prokaryotic organism?

Eukaryotes are usually much larger than prokaryotes.

What best describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, mitochondria, or other membrane-bound organelles, but they can possess

Genetic Material, Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation?

Homeostasis

_______ is a special type of asexual reproduction that occurs in multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. During this process, the DNA is replicated within a cell. Then, the cell divides into two genetically identical cells

Mitosis

What is osmosis?

Movement of water through a plasma membrane

The simplest life forms exhibiting cellular structures are _______.

Prokaryotes

A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?

Protein Synthesis

Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

Ribosomes

_______ are RNA and protein complexes that are found in all cells. These complexes help cells during protein translation by joining amino acids together to form polypeptides.

Ribosomes

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features. What structures may be found in either type of cell?

Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, DNA

What is the function of a vacuole?

Storage of water and waste

Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

The DNA replicates

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

The cell would not be able to carry out respiration

Cellular organelles have different structures. Mitochondria, for example, possess highly folded inner membranes in addition to their outer membranes. Vacuoles, on the other hand, are only surrounded by a single-layer membrane; they do not have an inner membrane. Why do cellular organelles have different structures?

The structures of cellular organelles are related to their functions

Why are bacteria classified as prokaryotes?

They lack a nucleus

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant?

They will shrink because water will move out of them.

Most cellular processes can only occur within a very narrow pH range. What substances regulate an organism's pH so it can maintain homeostasis?

buffers

What is the function of a chloroplast?

captures energy from the Sun and makes food through photosynthesis

What structure helps cells maintain homeostasis by regulating the movement of materials into and out of a cell?

cell membrane

What cell organelle is capable of converting light energy into chemical energy?

chloroplast

Many protozoa have tiny hair-like structures that beat back and forth to aid a protozoa's movement. What are these hair-like structures called?

cilia

The cytoplasm and two nuclei that are formed during mitosis are separated into two identical daughter cells during _______.

cytokinesis

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

differentiation

What are examples of passive transport involves water molecules moving from a high concentration to a low concentration?

facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, and osmosis

Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have whip-like projections that help propel the cell through liquid. What is the name of this whip-like projection?

flagellum

Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of a substance from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration.

higher; lower

In humans, glucose is kept in balance in the bloodstream by insulin. Which concept does this best illustrate?

homeostasis

Living organisms are only able to function and thrive if they can maintain constant or stable internal conditions. This ability is known as _______.

homeostasis

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

interphase

Which cell organelles are responsible for making most of the cell's ATP?

mitochondria

Some cells are covered in cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures. What are two functions of cilia?

movement and obtaining food

What organelle stores information and is considered the control center of the cell?

nucleus

Which is the most likely function of a group of cells that contains a high number of chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

What are functions of a vacuole?

storage of water, storage of cellular waste, and structural support

Active transport requires energy because it usually involves the movement of

substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Where in a plant cell is glucose produced?

the chloroplasts

Vascular plants, such as ferns, trees, and flowering plants, have specialized tissue known as vascular tissue. The function of vascular tissue is to

transport materials

What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis?

two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

During mitosis, one parent cell forms ________ daughter cells that are ________ the parent cell.

two; identical to