Biology II Chapter 25, 26, 27

Pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of __________ between bacteria.

DNA

Which of the following is not a seedless plant?

conifer

The __________ is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants.

antheridium

Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of:

diploid and haploid stages.

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission.

Moss sperm are transported to the archegonia by:

both insects and water.

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:

coenocytic

Characteristics shared between green algae and plants include:

chlorophylls a and b in plastids.

Microphylls are found only in __________.

club mosses

Members of the __________ are thought to have given rise to plants.

green algae

Refer to Figure 26-3. The structure at point 6 in the life cycle:

is diploid.

What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals.

parabasilid

Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called:

parasitism

In plants the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular __________ (young plant) within a female gametangium.

embryo

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

fern

A chain of round bacteria would be called:

streptococci

The gametophyte of most liverworts is referred to as:

thallus

Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan?

red algae

Members of this group typically consist of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend.

rhizarians

The transition from the gametophyte into the sporophyte generation occurs at the point in Figure 27-2 labeled:

4

Which of the following statements about bacteria is false?

Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms.

__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments.

Extreme thermophiles

Late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus __________.

Phytophthora

The most economically important bryophyte is:

Sphagnum

Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________.

apicomplexan; mosquito

The __________ are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and Golgi.

diplomonads

Bacterial __________ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial __________ cause more specific maladies.

endotoxins; exotoxins

Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion.

euglenoids

The sori of most ferns are found on the:

fronds

The __________ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently.

haploid gametophyte

Most bacteria are:

heterotrophs

Microsporocytes divide by __________ to form __________.

meiosis; microspores

A(n) __________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen.

obligate anaerobic

Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome.

plasmids

The gametophyte generation of ferns is called the:

prothallus

The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were:

protists

Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls.

purple; peptidoglycan

The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Bacteria is:

the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea.

One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that:

they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment.

Mosses and liverworts are limited in size because they lack:

vascular tissues.

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in:

a large, circular piece of DNA.

Rod-shaped bacteria are called:

bacilli

__________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.

Conjugation

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is:

choanoflagellate

In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like __________.

cilia

Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from:

endosymbionts

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

homospory

In mosses, the __________ grows into the leafy gametophyte plant.

protonema

Koch's postulates include all the following except:

the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope.

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is:

Dictyostelium discoideum.

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions.

Endospores

__________ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

Microphylls

Refer to Figure 26-1. The function of the structure labeled 4 is:

food intake.

What am I? I am a unicellular, biflagellate stramenopile that forms a significant portion of the nonplankton.

golden algae

What am I? I have a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls.

horsetail

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce __________, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function in support and conduction.

lignin

The oldest known fossils suggest that the __________ may have been the first plants to inhabit land.

liverworts

Bacteria:

move by means of a rotating flagella.

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

movement

Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is:

paraphyletic

Members of this group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium.

plasmodial slime molds

Heterospory was an important evolutionary development, as it led to the evolution of:

seeds

Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

the plasma membrane.

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

their capsule.

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because:

they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans.

All of the following statements about the brown algae are true except:

they share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom.

The outcome of the process illustrated in Figure 26-2 is:

two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before.

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

They are usually less than 2 mm thick.

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by:

a rigid cell wall.

The volume of a typical bacterium is about __________ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

a thousandth

Coal deposits formed when forested areas were inundated with water and the __________ conditions that resulted promoted incomplete decomposition of the vegetation into coal.

anaerobic

The most recent group of plants to evolve are the:

angiosperms

Refer to Figure 26-3. The process occurring at point 1 in the life cycle is:

asexual reproduction.

Terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide, required for photosynthesis, from the:

atmosphere

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:

chemoautotroph

The cuticle in plants helps in preventing:

dessication

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

diatoms

Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates.

dinoflagellates

Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides?

dinoflagellates

The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the __________ generation.

diploid sporophyte