Biology Quiz

What important molecule used for energy has three of these function groups in a row when in a high energy state?

ATP

Which of the following are potential functions of transmembrane proteins? Pumping H+ ions across the plasma membrane Transporting ions across the plasma membrane Signal transduction (or carrying signals across the plasma membrane) Facilitating chemical reactions

All of the above

What organelle completes and transports proteins?

Golgi Apparatus

If you have a gene with the following sequence ACAACCTTAAGGGCC what is it?

Nucleic acid

What organelle stores information? Is the membrane of this organelle composed of a single layer?

Nucleus; No double membrane

Of these sources of information on immunity to contacting COVID-19 from the virus SARS-CoV-2 after being vaccinated, what is the most credible? The Wikipedia article on COVID-19. A special television report on COVID-19 vaccines broadcast on CNN. "Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine efficacy", an article in the scientific journal The Lancet published this year. "Yes, We Have COVID-19 Vaccines That Are 95% Effective. But That Doesn't Mean the End of the Pandemic is Near", an article in Time Magaizne.

"Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine efficacy", an article in the scientific journal The Lancet published this year.

How many subunits are in the the resulting organic molecule? UGUUGGAAUCCCGG

5

Functional groups of the side chains of the different amino acids give the possibility of making bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide. If the right combination of amino acids are in the polypeptide, what types of bonds could be possible? Covalent bonds Ionic bonds All of these are true Hydrogen bonds

All of these are true

The molecule below shows a nucleic acid attached to functional groups containing phosphorus and oxygen. Here, "rest of molecule" refers to adenosine. Where in a cell is this molecule found? Anywhere requiring energy to power a reaction. Within DNA molecules. It is part of cellulose and found in cell walls. It is an amino acid, so it can be found inside polypeptides.

Anywhere requiring energy to power a reaction.

Jellyfish lives in the open ocean, which typically has a salinity of 34-36 part per thousand. What would happen to the cells of this jellyfish if it drifted under a boat that was dumping road saltwater and increasing the salinity to 1000 part per thousand.

Cells would shrink.

What is the role of cholesterol in the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane? Cholesterol acts as an active transporter that moves molecules and uses ATP. Cholesterol regulates cell fluidity: keeping it less fluid at high temperature and preventing it from freezing into a solid at low temperatures. Cholesterol passively transports molecules across the cell membrane. Cholesterol makes up hydrophilic parts of transmembrane proteins.

Cholesterol regulates cell fluidity: keeping it less fluid at high temperature and preventing it from freezing into a solid at low temperatures.

Which of the following is not true of nucleic acids? DNA is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded RNA is single-stranded Nitrogenous bases found in RNA include adenine, guanine, and cytosine.

DNA is single-stranded

Which of the following could you unambiguously state is a prokaryote? Trametes versicolor, a species of shelf fungus Thermophilic (heat-loving) archaea that live in and give these colors to this hot spring located in Yellowstone National Park. Escherichia coli, a kind of bacteria that can cause gut-related diseases in humans. This phalangiid harvestman, a kind of arachnid (arachnids are animals).

Escherichia coli, a kind of bacteria that can cause gut-related diseases in humans.

Active transporters move particles across the cell membrane into a region of lower concentration, using energy (ATP) to power the process. True False

False

Beta-plated sheets are an example of a quaternary structure that can be found in a polypeptide. True False

False

Eukaryotes are generally smaller than prokaryotes and do not have organelles. Thus of the two cells illustrated, the one on the right is a eukaryote. True False

False

Large water-soluble molecules can passively diffuse through the cell membrane without a protein transporter. True False

False

Phagocytosis occurs when a molecules passively diffuses into a cell. True False

False

There is no limit to how many proteins can be added to a given expanse of surface area in a plasma membrane -- no matter how many proteins are embedded in a given surface area of plasma membrane, the plasma membrane will retain its structure and selective permeability properties. True False

False

he Wood Frog, Lithobates sylvaticus, can survive below 0'C temperatures. It manages to survive being encased in ice through altering the amino acid composition of proteins embedded in its plasma membrane. True False

False

The lizard illustrated below is able to cling to this vertical surface to eat its lunch due to what type of chemical bond? hydrogen bonds from van der Waals interactions from small structures on its toes covalent bonds between its tail and wall ionic bond acting like a magnet between its chin and the wall radioactive decay bond from radioisotopes in its tail

Hydrogen bonds from van der Waals interactions from small structures on its toes

After endocytosis, what is the organelle used by a white blood cell (such as a neutrophil) to hydrolyze polymers of biological particles and cells that have been brought into the white blood cell? Lysosome Golgi complex Rough ER Ribosome

Lysosome

This spider was photographed on a tree branch in Missouri this July. As shown in the photograph, in the environmental conditions present at this point in space and time on Earth, spider silk proteins have properties such as elasticity and stickiness. Given this information, what would you expect to happen to the proteins in this spider's silk if you were to release the silk into space from the International Space Station? It wouldn't be affected at all. It would break apart into its constituent nucleic acid subunits. It would break apart into its constituent monosaccharide subunits. Near-Earth orbit has very different atmospheric pressure and temperature than tree branches in Missouri summertime. It's likely these differences would cause the proteins to denature and lose their properties of stickiness and elasticity arising from their three-dimensional shape.

Near-Earth orbit has very different atmospheric pressure and temperature than tree branches in Missouri summertime. It's likely these differences would cause the proteins to denature and lose their properties of stickiness and elasticity arising from their three-dimensional shape.

In a polar covalent bond such as H2O, which atom do electrons spend more time near and what causes this? Oxygen. Caused by the ionic bond that transferred the electron to oxygen. Hydrogen. Caused by atomic mass, because oxygen is lighter than hydrogen. Oxygen. Caused by electronegativity, because oxygen is less electronegative than hydrogen. Oxygen. Caused by electronegativity, because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Oxygen. Caused by electronegativity, because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.

How is the plasma membrane affected by phospholipids with completely saturated hydrocarbon tails? Phospholipids with completely saturated hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane less fluid. Phospholipids with completely saturated hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane more fluid. Phospholipids with fully saturated hydrocarbon tails are kinked and prevent the plasma membrane from solidfying at low temperatures.

Phospholipids with completely saturated hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane less fluid.

Which of these are true about plasma membranes? Plasma membrane folding on the inside of organelles such as the chlorplast internal membranes increases surface area within some organelles for chemical reactions to take place inside cells Plasma membrane folding on the surface of cells increases surface area for reactions that are possible at the cell surface Plasma membranes are primarily made of phospholipids, which are molecules arranged in the plasma membrane so there is an external nonpolar region and an internal polar region Plasma membrane phospholipids allow passage of large molecules between them to cross the plasma membrane and gain access to the inside of the cell

Plasma membrane folding on the inside of organelles such as the chlorplast internal membranes increases surface area within some organelles for chemical reactions to take place inside cells Plasma membrane folding on the surface of cells increases surface area for reactions that are possible at the cell surface Plasma membranes are primarily made of phospholipids, which are molecules arranged in the plasma membrane so there is an external nonpolar region and an internal polar region

After the sequence is translated what is the resulting organic molecule?

Protein

Which of these comprise elements of the extracellular matrix of animal cells? Proteoglycans Endoplasmic reticulum Integrins Ribosomes

Proteoglycans Integrins

DNA is always read from 5' to 3'. What does this mean? Reading DNA means reading the sequence of nitrogenous bases along a DNA strand. To know where to start, you look at the sugar-phosphate backbone and see which side of the strand has a sugar with a 5' carbon closest to that end. You then read along until the last nitrogenous base, ending at the nucleotide with a 3' carbon on the side of the sugar at the end of the strand. In the illustration here, the last base is "T", for thymine, the nitrogenous base on this nucleotide. Reading DNA means read the sequence of phosphates along a DNA strand. To know where to start, you look at the sugar-phosphate backbone and see on which side of the strand has a sugar with a 5' carbon closest to that end. You then read along until the last phosphate, ending at the nucleotide with a 3' carbon on the side of the sugar at the end of the strand. In the illustration here, since there are four phosphates the last nucleotide is "4", for the fourth nucleotide with a phosphate. You look for the first instance of "CG" closest to the end of the strand with a 5' carbon on the pentose sugar, and keep reading until you find another "CG". In this illustration you would only read "T" because it's the only base after a CG. You start counting at a nitrogenous base with 5 rings and keep reading bases until you get to a nitrogenous base with 3 rings. There are no 5-ringed or 3-ringed bases in this illustration so there's nothing to read in this DNA sequence.

Reading DNA means reading the sequence of nitrogenous bases along a DNA strand. To know where to start, you look at the sugar-phosphate backbone and see which side of the strand has a sugar with a 5' carbon closest to that end. You then read along until the last nitrogenous base, ending at the nucleotide with a 3' carbon on the side of the sugar at the end of the strand. In the illustration here, the last base is "T", for thymine, the nitrogenous base on this nucleotide.

The solutions are connected by a semi-permeable membrane that only allows water to pass through it. Solution B has 15% saline solution and solution A has 5% saline solution. How would you describe Solution B relative to Solution A? Solution B is isotonic relative to Solution A Solution B is melotonic relative to Solution A Solution B is hypotonic relative to Solution A Solution B is hypertonic relative to Solution A

Solution B is hypertonic relative to Solution A

Red Blood cells pictured below are sometimes stored in 0.9 (99.1% water) saline solution prior to blood transfusion. What would happen to the blood cells if they were accidentally stored in a 70% saline solution?

The blood cells would shrink

Which of the following shells of electrons around an atom needs only two electrons to be full? The first shell The second shell All shells need two electrons to be complete. None. All shells need eight electrons to be complete.

The first shell

What could be causing what is being illustrated below to happen? The plant cell was placed into an isotonic solution. The animal cell was placed into a very hypotonic solution. The plant cell was placed into a very hypertonic solution. The plant cell was placed into a very hypotonic solution.

The plant cell was placed into a very hypertonic solution.

If you had a sugarcane field in Barbados located near the coast of the island, and a passing hurricane caused salty Atlantic Ocean water to flood your fields, what would be the effect of the ocean water on your sugarcane plants? The plants would be damaged. Water would flow from the hypotonic cells of the sugarcane plants into the hypertonic salty floodwater. This would make the plants wilt. The plants would be fine because the salty ocean water and the freshwater used to irrigate the fields are isotonic. The plants would not be damaged. Water would flow into the hypotonic cells of the sugarcane plants from the hypertonic salty floodwater. This would make the cells of the sugarcane plants more turgid.

The plants would be damaged. Water would flow from the hypotonic cells of the sugarcane plants into the hypertonic salty floodwater. This would make the plants wilt.

The experiment results of Frye and Edidin's (1970) work is illustrated below. What was the main finding from their work? Human and mouse cells can hybridize. Mouse cells will take in human cells through phagocytosis and consume them with hydrolytic enzymes. The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic. The evidence for this is that proteins from cells of different species embedded in their respective plasma membranes will evenly diffuse across a hybrid cell membrane. After 1 hour the mixed proteins were more effective at transporting H+ ions across the plasma membrane.

The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic. The evidence for this is that proteins from cells of different species embedded in their respective plasma membranes will evenly diffuse across a hybrid cell membrane.

What is being illustrated here? The plasma membrane of an animal cell. The plasma membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell (also known as the nuclear envelope). The plasma membrane of a fungus cell. The plasma membrane of a plant cell.

The plasma membrane of an animal cell.

If a new solute is added to a solution, the particles of the solute will diffuse into the solution until it is evenly distributed throughout the solution by this process: Moving from a region of equal concentration to higher concentration. The solute will move down its concentration gradient. The solute will move up its concentration gradient. Moving from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.

The solute will move down its concentration gradient.

When a biologist is studying a community, what constituent entities are being examined? The species that occur in that community. The organelles in that community. The biosphere. Abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem.

The species that occur in that community.

What part of a lipid molecule is nonpolar?

The tail

Which of these is not a property of organic molecules? They always contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. They always contain sulfur atoms. They can include long chains of highly similar subunits linked together. They can be in the shape of rings or contain rings within them.

They always contain sulfur atoms.

All prokaryotes are single-celled, do not have a nucleus, and do not have organelles bound by membranes. True False

True

Functions of proteins include: transporting substances across plasma membranes acting as a hormone acting as motors to move other cellular components acting as structural parts of a cell in the cytoskeleton True False

True

Part of the reason cells increase their surface area through projections of the plasma membrane is to get around the problem of surface area decreasing as cells grow larger.

True

The available surface area of the cell surface can be increased by adding external projections to the plasma membrane, such as with microvilli on cells in small intestine tissue of humans (pictured below).

True

The organism below was found on a Florida beach and is a horseshoe crab, which is a kind of large marine arachnid. Since arachnids are a kind of animal, it is reasonable to expect this arachnid's exoskeleton to be hardened by the polysaccharide chitin.

True

When crossing a membrane selectively permeable to a solute, the net movement of solute will always be from the side of the membrane with a higher concentration to the side with a lower concentration until there is a dynamic equilibrium. True False

True

here are potentially six different amino acids that could be encoded in this DNA sequence below: 5'--ACGAAAACCGGTTCACAA--3'

True

ACAACCTTAAGGGCC What is the translated sequence?

UGU UGG AAU UCC CGG Cys Trp Asn Ser Arg

ACAACCTTAAGGGCC What would be the transcribed sequence?

UGUUGGAAUUCCCGG

A bag made of a membrane selectively permeable to water that contains a 13% potassium solution is placed inside a container filled with a 8% potassium solution. In which direction will water flow across the bag's membrane? Water will flow out of the bag. Water will flow into the bag. There will be no net diffrence in flow of water in or out of the bag.

Water will flow into the bag.

Cell consumes a toxic bacteria and the vesicle burst and released a saline solution that changed the salinity inside the cell by 40%.

Water will rush into the cell.

Which of the following is a valid hypothesis? When given a choice between prey items, housecats will prefer frogs to small birds. Stealing is immoral. Cell Theory Bald Eagles should be conserved.

When given a choice between prey items, housecats will prefer frogs to small birds.

This cell has a flagellum. Is it a prokaryote?

Yes because it doesn't have a nucleus.

What is highlighted in the black rectangle in the illustration below? two strands of deoxyribonucleic acid attached to a ribosome messenger RNA a phospholipid a ribosome subunit

a phospholipid

In the organic molecule illustrated below, a functional group-containing N and H is attached to the rest of the organic molecule (symbolized by "R"). What is this functional group? carboxyl hydroxyl nucleic amino

amino

Which of these is not a potential function of proteins embedded into the cell membrane? transport communication adhesion cell division

cell division

According to the endosymbiotic theory of how eukaryotes evolved, which of the following organelles is descended from a bacterium ancestor that could use sunlight and atmospheric carbon dioxide to make sugar? chloroplast nucleus vacuole mitochondrion

chloroplast

Monomers of primary structure in proteins are joined together in what kind of chemical reaction? dehydration hydrolysis combustion anticlimatic

dehydration

In the organic molecule illustrated below, what is true about the head and tail of this molecule? head is hydrophobic; tail is hydrophilic both head and tail are not found in eukaryotes head is polar; tail is nonpolar head is nonpolar; tail is polar

head is polar; tail is nonpolar

What component of cells is used to give the flagellum in the generalized animal cell below its ability to propel the whole cell through three-dimensional space? microtubules microvilli keratin subunits chromatin

microtubules

According to the endosymbiotic theory of how eukaryotes evolved, which of the following organelles is derived from a prokaryote ancestor that could use atmospheric oxygen to make ATP from sugar? nucleus smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion chloroplast

mitochondrion

Cellulose is illustrated below. What are the subunits of this polymer? amino acids monosaccharides hydrocarbon chains peptides

monosaccharides

Which of these is not a function of plasma membranes? communication at the cell surface with embedded signaling molecules movement of organelles within a cell separating functional units such as organelles from one another regulating transport of particular molecules between the nucleus and the rest of the cell

movement of organelles within a cell

Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that will unambiguously tell you what element it is that you are considering? seed electrons nucleus molecule

nucleus

What is the name of this functional group of organic molecules? -O-P-O-

phosphate

The illustrated molecule is a major part of what important cellular structure? plasma membrane ribosome cellulose steroid

plasma membrane

Which of these proteins allows molecules to move against their concentration gradient into a cell? desmosome proton pump gap junction protein channel

proton pump

Which of the following is not an organelle? mitochondrion peroxisome rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome

ribosome

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are isomers because...? they have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails they have the same chemical formula they are polysaccharides they are triglycerides

they have the same chemical formula