Biology Study Resource: Unit 6

If an amoeba manages to engulf a bacterium using endocytosis, what is most likely to happen to the bacterium?

It will be digested by the amoeba and used as a food source.

Based on the concept of phylogeny, an organism that was ancestral to both the Bacteria and Eukaryota domains would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

It would have DNA.

Why might knowledge of the gene and protein sequences of a species be useful in classifying that species?

It would make it possible to compare that species to other species at a level deeper than outward appearance.

If two organisms belong to the same phylum, they both must also belong to which of the following?

Kingdom

A hurricane tore holes in the roof of your house, allowing a good deal of moisture inside. Very quickly, mold began to grow because of it. What would be the most effective and ecologically friendly way of killing the mold and why?

Since protists need moist environments in order to grow well, drying out the area would kill the mold.

Which of the following organisms exhibits radial symmetry?

Starfish

When the Linnaean system of classification was first developed in the early 1700s, it only had two kingdoms for living things, the plant and animal kingdoms. Three more kingdoms have been added since then, as well as a higher division of three domains. Why are we still using this system if we have to keep changing the way it is organized?

The changes reflect increases in our knowledge of the structure and operation of living things.

Among the Bacteria and Archaea, which process produces results that are most similar to the results of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes and why?

Conjugation, because one cell trades genetic material directly with another cell

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the stolon and hyphae in fungi?

Hyphae can grow to form a stolon above ground.

Which of the following organisms is a vertebrate?

Fish

Which of the following best explains ways in which fish and mammals differ?

Fish are ectothermic and lay eggs to reproduce, while mammals are endothermic and give live birth to offspring.

Which of the following best explains a characteristic that differentiates fungi from plants?

Fungi are decomposers that break down dead plant and animal matter, while plants are autotrophs.

Which of the following best compares the male and female reproductive structures of a gymnosperm?

Gymnosperms produce male cones and female cones, and the pollen from a male cone fertilizes the egg inside a female cone.

The classification system developed by Linnaeus in the early 1700s divided living organisms into plant and animal kingdoms. Today, that has been expanded into five kingdoms. Which of the following inventions was most responsible for creating the need for the additional three kingdoms and why?

Microscopes made it possible to learn more about single-celled organisms.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic that distinguishes animals from protists?

Most animals are multicellular, and most protists are unicellular.

A pathogenic strain of bacteria has become resistant to an antibiotic that once could kill it. What has happened to these bacteria to make this happen?

Only the few bacteria that were immune to the antibiotic survived and reproduced, making all their offspring immune to it as well.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic that distinguishes animals from plants?

Plant cells have cell walls containing cellulose, and animal cells lack a cell wall.

The gametophytes of an unknown plant are contained within the sporophyte, and the plant produces separate male and female gametophytes. Which of the following is the best conclusion about the life cycle of this plant?

The plant is a gymnosperm, and the sporophyte is its dominant phase.

Which of the following correctly summarizes why Bacteria and Archaea are not in the same kingdom?

Their cell walls are created from different substances and Bacteria has an RNA polymerase that Archaea lacks.

Which of the following provides the best comparison between reptiles and fish?

They are both ectothermic, but fish have gills, and reptiles have lungs.

If two different organisms have nuclei in their cells and have young that are produced from eggs, what else can be assumed about them based on their phylogeny?

They are members of the domain Eukaryota, and possibly members of the same kingdom.

Which of the following correctly explains why viruses are not classified with either prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms?

They cannot reproduce outside a host cell.

If two mice both have grey fur, similar body shapes, and live in the same area, they would likely have been considered the same species by Linnaeus when he first developed his system of classification in the early 1700s. What could be done today, that Linnaeus could not do, to help us determine more clearly if they are the same species?

We could compare gene or protein sequences between the two mice.