Biology Test 1 Review

How do you find size of cell?

cell/circle (measure of cell divided by measure of circle) multiplied by field of view.

Virus?

"genes in a box"... virus is a little bit of DNA wrapped in a protein coat.

Identify 3 parts of cell theory

1. All cells come from preexisting cells 2. Cells are the smallest unit of life 3. All living oraganisms are made of cells

What are the 3 parts of cell theory?

1. all organisms are made of cells 2. cells are the smallest unit of life 3. all cells come from pre-existing cells

What 4 characteristics do all cells share?

1. cell membrane 2. contain DNA 3. ribosomes 4. cytoplasm

What are two things found in plant cells that arent found in animal cells?

1. cell wall 2. chloroplasts

What are the 8 characteristics that define life?

1. cells 2. order 3. regulation 4. growth/development 5. reproduction 6. evolution 7. energy 8. response to environment

What 4 characteristics do all cells share?

all cells have a cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes and a cytoplasm.

Why should viruses be considered living?

although they can only reproduce and pass on genes through hijacking a host cell, they still do it.

Isotonic?

concentrations are equal.

Eukaryote?

larger than a prokaryote and more complex structure. nucleus enclosed by membrane. eukaryotes contain a variety of organelles. eukaryotes are plant/animal cells.

Cilia?

little hairs on outside of cells made for movement

Organelle?

little organs within a cell.

Mitochondria?

makes/provides energy for cell

Nucleus?

membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA

Golgi Body?

packaging and shipping of proteins

Cell membrane?

decides what comes in and out of cells....protects cell

Lysosome?

digestion organelle

who is anthony von leeuwenhoek?

dutch, late 1600s. Shopkeeper, talented at making lenses. Saw small organisms moving about in scrapings from his teeth. Hed ask for peoples skin, urine, spit to look at their moving organisms.

Endoplasmic Reticulum? (ER)

connects parts of the cell; lipid production

Nucleus?

control center; stores DNA

Chloroplasts?

causes photosynthesis

Osmosis?

passive movement of water molecules across a membrane from HIGH to LOW concentrations.

Why are viruses not considered alive?

viruses don't contain any cells. viruses cannot grow, develop, adapt to the environment or reproduce without hijacking a host cell.

Endocytosis?

when a large molecule is entering a cell. example of bulk transport.

Exocytosis?

when a large molecule is leaving a cell. example of bulk transport.

who is theodore schwann and matthias schledan?

1800s. They discovered plants and animals have cells. discovered cells make up organisms and also appear to have a life of their own.

What major structure do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes dont?

Eukaryotes have a nucleus

Concentration gradient?

an increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area.

What is prokarayote?

bacteria

Lyse?

bursting of a cell.

Why should viruses be considered not living?

cannot grow/ develop; adapt to enviorment; reproduce unless it hijacks host cell; consists of no cells, just DNA with a protein shell.

Pinocytosis?

cell drinking. active transport.

Phagoctysosis?

cell eating. active transport.

who is Robert Hooke?

england, mid 1600s. looked at thin slices of cork under microscopes and saw what looked like small compartments. he called them cellulae.

what is the unifying theme in biology and who discovered it?

evolution because it ties everything together. Charles Darwin discovered this.

Hypotonic?

in comparing two solutions, referring to the one with lower concentration of solutes.

Hypertonic?

in comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater concentration of solutes.

who is rudolf virchow?

mid 1800s. cells divide to make new cells. He discovered that one cell divides to make two daughter cells

Facilitated diffusion?

movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels and carrier proteins. facilitated diffusion is passive transport as no energy is used, and a protein channel is all that's required.

Diffusion?

movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to less concentrated.

What major structure do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don't?

nucleus

Nucleolus?

the structure within a nucleus of a eukaryote cell where RNA is made. nucleolus is made of fibers and granules.

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

passive transport requires no energy. active transport requires energy.

What is eukaryote?

plants and animals

Cell wall?

shape/structure of plant cells

Membrane?

thin film around a living cell that protects the cell and regulates what comes in and out of cell.

Ribosome?

site for protein synthesis

Prokaryote?

smaller than a eukaryote and simpler in structure. prokaryotes do contain DNA but they have no nucleus. prokaryotes lacks most organelles. prokaryotes are bacteria cells.

Vacuole?

storage of food and water

Flagella?

tail on cell made for movement

Cytoplasm?

the entire region of the cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane.