Biology: Unit 2 (Classification and Diversity)
Who was Carolus Linnaeous?
"The father of taxonomy" -Botanist in the 1700's -Published "System of Nature" and classified 6000 species of plants, and 4000 of animals
Class
A group or set of taxonomic entities that share common attributes, qualities or traits. (later divided into one or more orders)
Kingdom
A major category in classification of plants, animals, etc.; the second broadest after Domain
Phylum
A primary division of a kingdom; a major taxonomic division of living thigs where phyla are divided into classes
Dichotomous Key
A reference tool used to break down the classification of a species
Genus
A taxinomic catagory between family and species that are structurally similar or phylogenetically related
Order
A taxonomic rank below Class, and made up of Families sharing similar nature or character
Family
A taxonomic rank between order and genus; descended from common ancestors/common genes
Monera
All prokaryotes
3 Domain
Archea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
List the taxonomic levels in order from largest to smallest
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
6 Kingdom Proposal
Eubacteria, Archebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plante, Animalia
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes, true bacteria
Heterotrophic
Feeds through/off of other organisms
What two taxonomic levels make up a scientific name/Binomial Nomenclature?
Genus and Species
Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus and membrane bound organells, and DNA
What is the scientific name/Binomial Nomenclature for humans?
Homo sapien; H.Sapien
What was Linnaeous's system of classification? (largest to smallest)
Kingdom, class, order, genus, species (We added Phylum and Family)
Prokaryotes
Lack a nucleus and some membrane bound organells
Autotrophic
Makes own food
Of the 5 Kingdoms in the 5 Kingdom proposal, which one was the simplist (least developed)
Monera
Old Classification System
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plante, Animalia
Plante
Multicellular, autotrophic, sessile, eukaryotes
Fungi
Multicellular, heterotrophic, sessile, eukaryotes Includes: yeasts, mushrooms, and bread mold
Why do we need a classification system?
Organization; find and identify species easily
Taxonomy
The branch of Biology that names and classifies species
Species
The lowest taxonomic level, and the most basic category of classification- an individual in a group of organisms; members posses similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to inter breed
Binomial Nomenclature
The scientific name of a species in two parts (in Latin): The first indicating the genus the second being epithet
Analogous Structure
The similar adptation of unrelated species in an environment
Eubacteria
True bacteria
Protista
Unicellular eukaryotes Includes: slime molds, ciliates, sporozoans, and flagellates
Eukarya
eukaryotes
Extremophiles
extreme bacteria that live in unlikely harsh environments (low oxygen and acids)
Archeabacteria
extremeophiles and ancient bacteria
Animalia
multicellular, heterotrophic, motile, eukaryotes
Archea
prokaryotes and extremophiles
Sessle
stationary
