Biology

What fraction of this cross will be recessive for both traits?

1/16

A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

12

How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?

2 layers of phospholipids with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other

if a cell with 36 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will have...

36 chromosomes

What is the approximate size of A in figure 7-3?

400 um

The chromosomes shown in figure 9-1 are in which state of mitosis?

Anaphase

During development some cells go through a programmed cell death called

Apoptosis

The diagram in figure 10-2 shows a diploid cell with two homologous pairs of chromosomes. Due to independent assortment, the possible allelic combinations that could be found in gametes produced by the meiotic division of this cell are _________.

BD, bD, Bd, and bd

Mendel took the pollen from a tall pea plant and pollinated the flower of a short pea plant. When he did this, he removed the male parts of the flower on the short plant. Why was it important that he remove the male parts from the flower of the short plant?

Because he wanted to prevent self pollination

Which letter in the diagram below indicates the structure that is most closely associated with protein building?

C

The advantage of a compound-light microscope over an electron microscope is that it

Can view living microorganisms

if cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control cell division, _________ results

Cancer

Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromthymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?

Carbon dioxide

A group of accessory pigments responsible for the yellow and orange color in carrots and sweet potatoes are

Carotenoids

An oak tree performs photosynthesis in organelles called

Chloroplasts

On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?

Chloroplasts and a cell wall

Which organelle is present in paramecium protozoan but absent in the cells of a strawberry plant?

Cilia

What process is taking place in the illustration shown below?

Crossing over

Telophase is accompanied by the division of cytoplasm between two daughter cells. What is this process called?

Cytokinesis

The stage during which the cell's cytoplasm divides is called

Cytokinesis

Which is a protein fiber that forms the cell's supporting network?

Cytoskeleton

Which is an autotroph?

Daisy

ATP is made of one adenine base, one ribose sugar, and_______ phosphate groups.

Three

ATP is a compound that is synthesized when which occurs?

Energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration

Large complex cells that contain a nucleus are called

Eukaryotic

The allele pairs of an individual organism are called its

Genotype

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted to the energy in chemical bonds. What also happens according to the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics?

Heat is released in the process

A black widow spider snaring an insect to eat is an example of an organism called a

Heterotroph

An individual with the genotype Aa is ________ for the trait.

Heterozygous

Substances that move wastes and other materials through the plasma membrane are called

Transport proteins

Substances would have more difficulty moving across the plasma membrane without a substance called

Transport proteins

What term is used to describe pairs of chromosomes having DNA segments, or genes, for the same traits?

Homologous

A white mouse whose parents are both white produced only brown offspring when mates with a brown mouse the white mouse is most probably______

Homozygous recessive

A heterozygous organism is best described as which of these

Hybrid

DNA replication occurs during

Interphase

By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except

Lining up of chromosomes in the cell

A flu virus could easily infect a cell without the presence of

Lysosomes

Which is a difference between meiosis I and meiosis II

Meiosis II results in four haploid cells instead of two diploid cells

The numbers in figure 10-1 represent the chromosome number found in each of the dogs cells shown. The processes that are occurring at A and B are _______.

Meiosis and fertilization

Which summarizes the genetic research completed by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel?

Mendel hypothesized that the offspring of pea plant traits are inherited

What stage of mitosis is shown in the drawing above?

Metaphase

During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator?

Metaphase I

Which stage of meiosis is represented in the figure?

Metaphase II

Which would be the result if the electron microscope had not been invented?

Microscope magnification would be limited to 1000x.

Both Schwann and Virchow developed important theories about cells in the mid 1800s. Which best explains the reason these theories were made within a few years of each other?

New microscopes provided better viewing of cells

The central structure that defines the cell is called the

Nucleus

You are given a sample of unknown human cells to examine. Analysis of their nuclei reveals that each cell contains 23 chromosomes. What types of cells might these be?

Ova

According to Mendel's law of segregation, What takes place during meiosis?

Pairs of alleles separate in meiosis, and each gamete receives one allele of a pair.

Light-absorbing molecules such as chlorophyll are called ________.

Pigments

In what organism would you find cell division being completed by cytokinesis, a process in which a new plate forms between two daughter nuclei?

Plant

After performing a monohybrid cross, it is important to analyze the results with a punnet square. What does each box in a Punnett square represent?

Possible genotype

A true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a true-breeding short pea plant, and all the offspring are tall. What is the most likely genotype if the offspring assuming a single-gene trait?

Tt

When carcinogens cause a failure in the regulation of cell growth and development, what condition might occur?

Uncontrolled cell growth in the form of cancer

During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell duplicate it's DNA?

S stage

According to Mendel's law of _______, two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis, and during fertilization, the two alleles unite.

Segregation

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing?

Selective permeability

Which description best fits the activity of a cell during interphase

The cell carries on metabolism

Which organelle is large in plant cells but small or absent in animal cells

Vacuole

Of the following species used in agriculture, which is most likely polyploid?

Wheat

What major improvement came with the development of the scanning electron microscope?

The images were three dimensional

Strawberries can reproduce by means of runners, which are stems that grow horizontally along the ground. At a point where a runner touches the ground, a new plant can develop. Why are the new plants genetically identical to the parent plant?

The new plant was produced asexually

Which identifies the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The products of one process are used as reactants by the other process

Which statement describes the number of chromosomes in a newly formed cell after mitosis?

They are equal to the number of the parent cell

Describe the actions of the cell's chromosomes during metaphase, a stage of mitosis

They line up in the middle of the cell

Which process releases the greatest amount of ATP?

cellular respiration

The ability to do work is called

energy

How can the cytoskeleton of a cell be described?

framework and anchor for organelles

A DNA segment is called a

gene

Which is a product of photosynthesis?

glucose

In which structure would you find a nucleus?

plant cell

What is the purpose of mitosis?

replace damaged cells

What are the structures labeled A in the drawing

spindle fibers

Unspecialized human cells are called

stem cells

How is the alignment of chromosomes, shown in Figure 9-4, on the equatorial plate of the cell maintained?

Tension between opposite spindle fibers pulls them there.