Biology - week 2

Receptor proteins allow a cell to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

In C 4 plants, chloroplasts are located in

both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________ while the Calvin cycle ________.

capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to __________.

concentrate H + in the intermembrane space

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of __________.

electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP

Before being converted into sucrose, starch, or cellulose, G3P must first be converted into which compound?

glucose phosphate

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?

lysosome

Which stages of the Calvin cycle reactions require the use of energy from ATP?

CO 2 reduction and RuBP regeneration

Where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2?

Mitochondrial matrix

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy __________

stored in food to energy stored in ATP

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?

the cytoskeleton

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

the presence of a cell wall

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles?

they are smaller

The production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle requires six molecules each of ATP and NADPH. Another three molecules of ATP are then used in the cycle. What is the purpose of these three additional ATP molecules?

to regenerate the starter molecule RuBP

A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of

10-100 μm

Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration, you explain to her that the fat was converted to __________.

ATP, carbon dioxide, and water

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules

Which energy association is correct?

Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

The citric acid cycle starts with ________ and yields ________.

acetyl-CoA, NAD +, FAD, and ADP; carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH 2, and ATP

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

active transport

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

NADP +