"BioPsychology" Chapter 1
An experiment that tests a different group of subjects in each of the experimental conditions is said to use a(n)?
Between-subjects design
Which division of biopsychology relies on functional brain imaging as its major research method?
Cognitive neuroscience
_____________________ is a division of biopsychology that investigates the neural bases of human cognition; its major method is functional brain imaging.
Cognitive neuroscience
What is the study of biological processes by comparing different species?
Comparative approach
__________________ are biopsychologists who study the genetics, evolution, and adaptiveness of behavior, often by using the comparative approach.
Comparative psychologists
Using different research approaches in such a way that the weaknesses of one approach are compensated for by the strengths of another is known as?
Converging operations
Who was responsible for popularizing the use of the transorbital lobotomy?
Freeman
What did Hebb base his theory on?
He based them on experiments done on humans and animals and also clinical case studies.
The experimenter assigns the subjects to conditions, administers the treatments, and measures the outcome in such a way that there is only one relevant difference between the conditions being compared. This difference between the conditions is called the
Independent variable.
What is translational research?
It aims to translate the findings of pure research into useful applications.
A strength of the neuropsychological approach is that ____________________, whereas a weakness of the neuropsychological approach is that ____________________.
It focuses on human brain-damaged patients; its focus on human patients as subjects usually precludes experiments
What does creative thinking mean in biopsychology?
It means thinking in new ways, productive ways, and ways consistent with the evidence rather than with widely accepted views
What was a major weakness in the scientific case for the prefrontal lobotomy?
It was based almost entirely on one case study and the effects of the prefrontal lobotomies were not carefully evaluated
What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
It's a chronic memory disorder caused by a thiamine deficiency and is often associated with chronic alcoholism.
What group of subjects do quasi-experimental studies examine?
People who have been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world.
The research of _____________________ typically involves the direct manipulation or recording of the neural activity of laboratory animals by invasive surgical, electrical, or chemical means.
Physiological psychologists
Biopsychology is sometimes referred to as
Psychobiology.
The division of biopsychology that focuses on the effects of drugs on behavior is often referred to as ____________________.
Psychopharmacology
Biopsychologists who study the physiological correlates of psychological processes by recording physiological signals from the surface of the human body are often referred to as?
Psychophysiologist
There is a tradition of ___________________ in physiological psychology; the emphasis is usually on research that contributes to the development of theories of the neural control of behavior rather than on research of immediate practical benefit.
Pure research
What is pure research?
Pure research is done solely for the purpose of acquiring knowledge
The differences between the brains of humans and those of related species are more ______________ than _________________.
Quantitative; qualitative
The empirical method that biopsychologists and other scientists use to study the unobservable is?
Scientific inference
Lester and Gorzalka developed a clever way to control for what confounded variable?
Sexual fatigue of males
What (first) comprehensive theory did Donald Hebb develop?
That complex psychological phenomena might be produced by brain activity.
Biopsychology developed into a major neuroscientific discipline in
The 20th century
The early reports that the prefrontal lobotomy was therapeutically effective were based on the impressions of the individuals who were the least objective:
The physicians who had prescribed the surgery.
Research that aims to translate the findings of pure research into useful applications for humankind is known as
Translational research.
What would happen if you were to inject curare into your eye muscles and then try to move your eye?
You would see the stationary visual world move in the same direction as your attempted eye movement.
What is applied research?
Applied research is intended to bring about some direct benefit to humankind
What is psychology the study of?
Behavior
Who reported discovering a caudate taming center?
Delgado
Thiamine-deficient rats display
Memory deficiency and brain damage
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize for the development of prefrontal lobotomy as a treatment for psychiatric disorders?
Moniz
When there are several possible interpretations for a behavioral observation, the rule is to give precedence to the simplest one; this rule is called
Morgan's canon.
What field focuses the study of the structure of the nervous system?
Neuroanatomy
What field that focuses on the study of the chemical bases of neural activity?
Neurochemistry
The field that focuses on the study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system is
Neuroendocrinology.
The field that focuses on the study of the effects of drugs on neural activity is
Neuropharmacology
The field that focuses on the study of the functions and activities of the nervous system is
Neurophysiology
A biopsychologist who studies the memory deficits of human patients with brain damage does what?
Neuropsychology
Under normal conditions, the brain mechanisms responsible for the perception of motion don't consider eye movements per se. Rather, they consider?
Only those eye movements that are actively produced by neural signals from the brain to the eye muscles
