Biopsychology Exam 3

Sally has had damage to the dorsal stream of her visual system, also known as the ____ pathway. She now has trouble with _____.

"how," reaching out to grasp an object

Which of the following would you anticipate having an effect of boosting fertility in a female?

Administering FSH

The region of the retina in which the optic nerve exits is the __________.

Blind spot

The structure labeled above with a "W" is the __________, involved in _______________.

Cerebellum, timing of movements

Which of the following is correctly paired?

Duodenum; CCK

_______________maintain a high basal body temperature, which has the advantage of __________, balanced with the disadvantage of ___________.

Endotherms, allowing for fast movements and less fatigue, a high energy cost

Although both males and females produce LH, only females have receptors on their reproductive structures that respond to it.

False

Whereas orexin plays key roles in both wakefulness and feeding behavior, hypocretin is primarily involved in wakefulness.

False

During sleep, neurons in the thalamus become _________. One potential mechanism by which this may occur is ____________.

Hyperpolarized, increasing the amount of potassium allowed to flow out of the cell

The INAH-3 is a region of the _____________, the size of which is correlated with ____________.

Hypothalamus, homosexuality

Steroid hormones have the ability to bind to receptors and trigger long-lasting changes, such as changes in gene expression. These effects mirror the effects of _________ receptors in a post-synaptic neuron.

Metabotropic

The myelin sheath is composed of ______________ in the central nervous system and is necessary for ________________________ down the axon.

Oligodendrocytes, saltatory conduction

Narcolepsy is associated with a lack of ___________, which is produced by the __________.

Orexin, hypothalamus

Which of the following is an effect of oxytocin?

Orgasmic pleasure, Stimulation of uterine contractions & Milk release (All of the above)

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

Periods without breathing during sleeping

Which of the following cells in the visual pathway are light-sensitive under normal conditions?

Rods and cones & Ganglion cells

Cutting the branch of the vagus nerve from the stomach to the brain would most likely impair:

Satiety due to stomach distension

You discover a new alien species and are studying their brains. After studying many samples, you find a region of the brain that is significantly larger in females than in males. You conclude that this region is:

Sexually dimorphic

During a research study, Tom performs a cold pressor test in which he places his hand in ice water for a few minutes. Which of the following accurately describes how his body responds.

Temperature receptors in Tom's hand signal to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus to direct physiological changes which conserve heat, such as constricting blood vessels.

Androgen is to __________ as estrogen is to __________.

Testosterone; estradiol

Which of the following is not a characteristic of hormones?

They are released at a synapse

Which statement is true of EPSPs?

They decay over time and space.

Both hormones and neurotransmitters may consist of peptides.

True

Hal is experiencing osmotic thirst. He should drink pure water.

True

Which of the structures labeled above secretes melatonin?

X

Both ____ and ______ label endocrine glands, with ____ labeling the _________ gland and ____ labeling the __________ gland.

X, Z, X, pineal, Z, pituitary

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing ____.

acetylcholine

During her menstrual cycle, Lacresha's _____ releases FSH.

anterior pituitary

Stimulation of the reticular formation ____.

awakens a sleeping individual

Dwayne sometimes experiences brief periods of moderate stress. As a result, the stress ______.

boosts the activity of his immune system

Glucagon stimulates the liver to ____.

convert glycogen to glucose

The basal forebrain is part of the _______ lobe and is __________ with respect to the ___________.

frontal, ventral, corpus callosum

The region of the plot above labeled with the "X" indicates a period of _____________ in which ______________ have opened.

hyperpolarization, voltage-gated sodium channels, depolarization, GABA receptors or hyperpolarization, voltage-gated calcium channels (None of the other options are correct)

Dinah's body has produced aldosterone so that she _____.

is able to conserve sodium

Output from the paraventricular nucleus acts on the ____. Inhibiting the paraventricular nucleus has the effect of __________ feeding.

lateral hypothalamus, stimulating

In response to emotionally arousing events, the locus coeruleus releases ____.

norepinephrine

The ___________ is just anterior to the ___________. These two structures are separated by the ___________.

primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, central sulcus

An organizing effect differs from an activating effect of a hormone in that an organizing effect ____.

produces more long-lasting effects

Orexin, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for ____.

staying awake

Ghrelin is secreted by the ___________ and stimulates ____________.

stomach, appetite