Bios Chapter 14 - Digestion

Does the esophagus aid in digestion? Where does most digestion and absorption occur? What structures increase the surface area of this part of the digestive system?

• Esophagus does nothing but carry the food. • 95% of absorption occurs in the small intestine. • Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine. They are fingerlike folds.

What are 2-3 functions of the stomach?

Holds food and Determines rate in which food gets to intestine.

What is the most common cause of ulcers in the stomach and small intestine? Can antibiotics be used to treat most ulcers?

Most commonly caused by a bacteria. Yes, can be treated with antibiotics.

Follow the order of structures as food passes through the body starting with the mouth.

Mouth-> Esophagus-> Stomach-> Small Intestine-> Large Intestine

What is peristalsis?

Peristalsis: Wave like movement that transfer food.

Where does the digestion of carbohydrates begin? Proteins? Lipids?

Saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates, Protein Digestion begins in the stomach, Lipid digestion begins in the small intestine.

What other function does the pancreas have that is not related to digestion?

Secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar.

What happens in the large intestine?

More absorption of excess water and nutrients. Filled with bacteris.

What is the function of the accessory organs in digestion: pancreas (2), gall bladder and liver?

• Liver: Produce bile, also stores vitamins, iron, and regulates blood sugar. • Pancreas: Neutralize acids from the stomach, Produce digestive proteins. • Gall Bladder: Very small but hold bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed

How does the absorption of lipids and protein differ?

• The absorption of lipids takes much longer than proteins. • Fats: get broken down, then covered in bile (Emulsion), to keep them separate, then they are moved into a lymph vessel, then get dumped into the blood.