BISC 004: Chapter 1 - 5

A substance consists of weak acids or bases designed to maintain a specific pH of a solution within a cell or a biological system. Which of the following describes this substance? A) buffer B) catalyst C) pH D) acids

A) buffer

You find a strange infection in your mouth and visit your dentist. The dentist said the new organism was prokaryotic because it had ________. A) circular DNA B) DNA in the nucleus C) relatively large cells D) membrane-bound organelles

A) circular DNA

Cells that possess a nucleus and a membrane system that establishes internal compartments belong in which of the following groups? A) eukaryotes B) viruses C) Archaea D) Bacteria

A) eukaryotes

A form of diffusion in which the molecules pass through a protein instead of between the phospholipids is called ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) diffusion C) osmosis D) active transport

A) facilitated diffusion

Which of the following types of skin damage are the most superficial? A) first-degree burns B) second-degree burns C) third-degree burns D) All of these have the same level of pain.

A) first-degree burns

Saturated fatty acids are so named because they are saturated with ________. A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) carbon D) oxygen

A) hydrogen

Water has very special properties that not all chemicals share. Which of the following is not a property of water? A) is nonpolar B) prevents wide temperature fluctuations C) requires a lot of energy to evaporate it D) interacts with lots of different substances

A) is nonpolar

The Mars rover Curiosity finds a living organism on the red planet. Scientists would know that it is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic if ________. A) it has membrane-bound organelles B) it has a cytoskeleton C) its diameter is 10 μm D) it has six internal membranes

A) it has membrane-bound organelles

A reddish chemical, lipofuscin, is found in greater quantities in cells of older people than in those from younger people. This chemical should be broken down in the cells. Which specific type of organelle is not working as well in the seniors? A) lysosome B) mitochondrion C) nucleus D) rough endoplasmic reticulum

A) lysosome

The dark chemical that accumulates in the skin after exposure to the sun is called ________. A) melanin B) sebum C) melanocyte D) carcinoma

A) melanin

A molecule consists of a long chain of glucose monomers linked by covalent bonds and serves as an energy source for plants and animals. Which of the following would describe this molecule? A) polysaccharide B) oligosaccharide C) monosaccharide D) sucrose

A) polysaccharide

Which of the following is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A) ribosomes B) endoplasmic reticulum C) nucleus D) mitochondria

A) ribosomes

You received your genetic material from your parents in the form of DNA. Your DNA provides your cells with instruction for making ________. A) lipids B) proteins C) polysaccharides D) cholesterol

B) proteins

The sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles produce ________. A) sweat B) sebum C) androgens D) keratin

B) sebum

Alteration of the ________ structure of a protein can transform the protein into an infectious agent known as a prion. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

B) secondary

Cilia and flagella are both made of ________. A) actin B) tubulin C) intermediate proteins D) phospholipids

B) tubulin

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? A) They contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. B) They respond to stimuli. C) They are composed of multiple cells. D) They have adaptive traits.

C) They are composed of multiple cells.

A neutral atom must contain ________. A) an equal number of protons and neutrons B) an equal number of protons, neutrons, and electrons C) an equal number of protons and electrons D) an equal number of neutrons and electron

C) an equal number of protons and electrons

Triglycerides ________. A) are fatty acids bonded to glycerol through hydrolysis B) have solid unsaturated forms at room temperature, such as butter C) can provide twice the energy per gram than proteins D) All of the above are true.

C) can provide twice the energy per gram than proteins

Which of the following carbohydrates is made by plants and is not digested by humans? A) lactose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen

C) cellulose

Which of the following membranes covers the outside of the body and has waterproofing properties? A) synovial B) serous C) cutaneous D) basement

C) cutaneous

Which structure containing dense connective tissue is found in the skin? A) epidermis B) hypodermis C) dermis D) integument

C) dermis

Which of the following steps in normal cellular respiration ends with formation of water? A) glycolysis B) citric acid cycle C) electron transport D) fermentation

C) electron transport

Which layer lacks blood vessels? A) hypodermis B) subcutaneous C) epidermis D) dermis

C) epidermis

Which of the following tissues covers the body surfaces, lines the body cavities and organs, and forms glands? A) muscle B) nervous C) epithelial D) connective

C) epithelial

A scientist discovers an unidentified organism that is composed of multiple cells and has a membrane-bound nucleus. Of the choices listed, the most likely classification would be ________. A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) fungi D) Any of the above could be correct.

C) fungi

You have a bacterial infection. Your immune system will be able to distinguish this foreign invader from other cells by ________. A) recognizing cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) B) finding glycolipids on the plasma membrane C) identifying glycoproteins on the plasma membrane D) determining the presence or absence of a nucleus

C) identifying glycoproteins on the plasma membrane

Which process used to solve problems in science involves accumulating facts through observation until the evidence leads to a general statement about nature? A) deductive reasoning B) hypothesis C) inductive reasoning D) theory

C) inductive reasoning

If a liver cell were to be placed in a beaker with a solution containing the same solute concentration as that found inside the cell, we would say that the beaker contained a(n) ________ solution. A) heterotonic B) hypertonic C) isotonic D) hypotonic

C) isotonic

An element with more or fewer neutrons than the same element as it appears on the periodic table is known as which of the following? A) ion B) buffer C) isotope D) isomer

C) isotope

These skin cells fight infections: ________. A) fibroblasts B) melanocytes C) macrophages D) neuroglia

C) macrophages

The virus that causes rabies travels up nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord. Which cell structures will allow the virus to move through the nerve cells? A) Golgi complexes B) nuclei C) microtubules D) pseudopods

C) microtubules

Which membranes line the passageways that open to the exterior of the body, including those of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems in the body? A) cutaneous B) basement C) mucous D) serous

C) mucous

A group of organs in the body that have a common function make up a(n) ________. A) organism B) brain C) organ system D) tissue

C) organ system

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached can be described as ________. A) diffusion B) active transport C) osmosis D) All of the above are true.

C) osmosis

These lipids have a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part. A) triglycerides B) carotenoids C) phospholipids D) steroids

C) phospholipids

A substance in which other substances are dissolved is known as a(n) ________. A) solute B) acid C) solvent D) buffer

C) solvent

Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed; however, rocks are components of ________. A) the community B) an organism C) the population D) the ecosystem

D) the ecosystem

A person using a very effective sunscreen would be less likely to make which vitamin within his or her body? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B C) vitamin C D) vitamin D

D) vitamin D

In what ways are hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds similar? A) Both are based on attraction between atoms that carry differences in electrical charge. B) Both are based on attraction between two atoms that carry negative charges. C) Both are based on repulsion between atoms that carry differences in electrical charge. D) Both involve an even sharing of electrons between atoms.

A) Both are based on attraction between atoms that carry differences in electrical charge.

Microfilaments are made of ________. A) actin B) tubulin C) intermediate proteins D) phospholipids

A) actin

Dipeptidase is an enzyme found in your small intestine that helps break polypeptides down. What would its most likely products be? A) amino acids B) proteins C) triglycerides D) oligosaccharides

A) amino acids

Which of the following contains the most cells? A) an organism B) an organ system C) an organ D) tissue

A) an organism

You are classifying an organism and trying to determine to which domain it belongs. The organism is unicellular and was isolated from a very unusual environment. This organism probably belongs in which domain? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) None of the domains above is correct.

B) Archea

During phase I clinical trials, a new drug is tested ________. A) in an animal model B) on fewer than 100 human volunteers C) on a few hundred human volunteers D) on thousands of human volunteers

B) on fewer than 100 human volunteers

During a 5-mile run in the high Alps, where oxygen concentration is lower, your body will produce less ATP per molecule of glucose than after the same run near sea level, where there is plenty of oxygen to supply your muscle cells. Approximately how many more molecules of ATP will your muscle cells produce per molecule of glucose at the lower elevation than at the oxygen-scarce high elevation? A) 36 B) 34 C) 32 D) 2

B) 34

Your roommate is experiencing heartburn and asks you to purchase her an antacid. Chemically speaking, how do you know that the antacid will help eliminate her pain? A) It is a buffer and will prevent the pH in her digestive tract from changing. B) It has a higher OH- concentration to increase the pH in her digestive tract. C) It is probably high in H+. D) It has a low pH to balance the acidity in her digestive tract.

B) It has a higher OH- concentration to increase the pH in her digestive tract.

You have information about a particle that contains 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Which of the following statements would be true? A) It has an atomic weight of 23. B) It is an ion. C) It has 8 electrons in its outermost shell. D) It has an atomic number of 15

B) It is an ion.

By analyzing the chemical formulas, you can determine that this molecule, CH3CH(NH2)COOH, is a(n) ________, whereas the molecule C5H10O5 is a(n) ________. A) cholesterol; amino acid B) amino acid; sugar C) nucleotide; glycerol D) fatty acid; sugar

B) amino acid; sugar

If natural selection would select against organisms with a nucleus, which one of the following organisms would survive and evolve? A) plants B) archaea C) protists D) fungi

B) archaea

Which of the following types of organisms are NOT composed of eukaryotic cells? A) fungi B) bacteria C) plants D) animals E) protists

B) bacteria

These epithelial cells function in secretion or absorption and are found in many glands and in the kidney tubules: ________. A) squamous B) cuboidal C) columnar D) stratified

B) cuboidal

Which of the following is not a membrane-bound organelle? A) mitochondrion B) cytoskeleton C) nucleus D) endoplasmic reticulum

B) cytoskeleton

A statement such as "If human body temperature increases to a certain level, then critical proteins will be denatured" would most likely be associated with ________. A) inductive reasoning B) deductive reasoning C) a hypothesis D) a conclusion

B) deductive reasoning

Glands that lack ducts and secrete hormones are called ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) scent D) mammar

B) endocrine

Which of these processes brings into the cell large macromolecules and particles by the formation of a vesicle in the outer membrane? A) facilitated transport B) endocytosis C) pinocytosis D) exocytosis

B) endocytosis

If substantial lactic acid were found in a person's bloodstream, which type of glucose breakdown is occurring? A) cellular respiration B) fermentation C) electron transport D) citric acid cycle

B) fermentation

The first phase in normal cellular respiration and the only one occurring in the cytoplasm is called ________. A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) electron transport D) None of the above is correct.

B) glycolysis

An athlete who uses dietary supplements will perform better than one who doesn't." This statement would be an example of which of the following? A) inductive reasoning B) hypothesis C) theory D) clinical tria

B) hypothesis

Where would you find smooth muscle tissue in your body? A) in your heart B) in the walls of your stomach C) attached to bones D) None of the above is correct.

B) in the walls of your stomach

Researchers testing new drugs usually give the drug to one group of people and give placebos, "sugar pills," to another group. The group receiving the placebo ________. A) is needed so that the test will be repeated enough times B) is the control group C) constitutes the experimental group D) is a backup in case some of the people getting the drug drop out of the test

B) is the control group

Heart muscle works hard and therefore consumes much ATP. Which organelles would you expect to be especially numerous in the heart muscle cells? A) nuclei B) mitochondria C) Golgi complexes D) lysosomes

B) mitochondria

How does a population differ from an ecosystem? A) A population consists of all living organisms in the area, whereas an ecosystem consists of all living and nonliving aspects of an area. B) A population consists of all living organisms in an area, whereas an ecosystem consists of only one species. C) An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not. D) An ecosystem and a population are identical; they are two terms for the same concept.

C) An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not.

A study shows that people who eat fish three times a week live longer. Based on this study, which of the following can you not conclude? A) There is a correlation between eating fish in the diet and the length of life. B) Fish is a healthy choice of food. C) Eating fish causes longer life. D) All of the above can be concluded based on this study.

C) Eating fish causes longer life.

Humans belong to which of the following domains? A) Bacteria B) Archaea C) Eukarya D) vertebrates

C) Eukarya

The pH scale measures ________. A) OH- concentration B) buffer concentration C) H+ concentration D) All of the above are true.

C) H+ concentration

Which statement is INCORRECT? A) Only living things contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. B) Only living things are composed of cells. C) Only living things can grow. D) Only living things maintain homeostasis.

C) Only living things can grow.

When bacteria appear in tissues, a type of large cell engulfs and destroys them. Which process are these cells using to engulf the bacteria? A) exocytosis B) active transport C) pinocytosis D) phagocytosis

D) phagocytosis

A researcher suspects that the food in an ecosystem has been contaminated with radioactive phosphates over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactive phosphate to test the hypothesis? A) the amino acids within proteins produced by organisms living in the area B) the starch produced by plants in the area C) the DNA of the organisms in the area D) All of the above are true.

C) the DNA of the organisms in the area

A red blood cell has lost its nucleus to make more space for carrying oxygen. This is an example of ________. A) a prokaryotic cell B) a cell that is not living C) the relationship between structure and function D) a cell whose DNA is circular

C) the relationship between structure and function

Which of the following cavities has the highest density of cardiac muscle tissue? A) pleural cavity B) abdominal cavity C) thoracic cavity D) cranial cavity

C) thoracic cavity

Which of the following levels of organization would a single-celled organism be EXCLUDED from? A) cellular B) molecular C) tissue D) population

C) tissue

Which of these is most abundant in the plasma membrane? A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) cholesterol D) phospholipids

D) phospholipids

Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are called ________ because they lack a nucleus and internal compartments. A) eukaryotes B) molds C) protists D) prokaryotes

D) prokaryotes

The Cl- ion has a single negative charge and the atomic number of 17. How many electrons are on its innermost shell? A) 18 B) 17 C) 9 D) 2

D) 2

Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, is a neutral atom and has ________ electrons in the first electron shell and ________ electrons in the second electron shell. A) 1; 7 B) 5; 3 C) 4; 4 D) 2; 6 E) 3; 5

D) 2; 6

If I tested your intestinal fluid and found that it was basic, which of the pH values listed would best describe this solution? A) 6.8 B) 3.2 C) 1.2 D) 8.0

D) 8.0

A cell is limited in its size by ________. A) its ability to move waste material out B) its ability to move nutrients in C) its surface-to-volume ratio D) All of the above are correct.

D) All of the above are correct.

Information literacy involves the ability to ________. A) recognize what you need to know B) locate relevant information C) evaluate and apply information to a problem D) All of the above are correct.

D) All of the above are correct.

If an object were collected on Mars by the rover Curiosity, it would be considered a living organism if it ________. A) responded to environmental stimuli B) had metabolic activities and maintained homeostasis C) contained DNA and reproduced D) All of the above are true.

D) All of the above are true.

In a double-blind experiment, ________. A) participants are randomly assigned to a control or experimental group B) the participants are unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control groups because of the use of placebos C) the researchers are unaware of which participants are in the experimental and control groups D) All of the above are true.

D) All of the above are true.

Which of the following is not found in ATP? A) a nitrogen-containing base B) a sugar C) a phosphate group D) All of these are found in ATP.

D) All of these are found in ATP.

Which of the following monomers is not paired correctly? A) glucose-carbohydrates B) amino acids-proteins C) nucleotides-nucleic acids D) All of these are paired properly.

D) All of these are paired properly.

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds? A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons. B) Covalent bonds involve the attraction between slightly charged molecules, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction between two fully charged ions. C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction of slightly charged atoms. D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

The hydrogen, ionic, and covalent bonds that stabilize the shape of a protein contribute to which level of structure of a protein? A) primary B) quaternary C) secondary D) tertiary

D) tertiary

An organic compound that provides instructions for the synthesis or production of polypeptide chains is referred to as which of the following? A) nucleotide B) lipids C) ATP D) DNA

D) DNA

Which of the following is a membranous organelle that chemically modifies and ships proteins to other organelles or out of the cell? A) lysosome B) chloroplast C) mitochondria D) Golgi complex

D) Golgi complex

Mitochondrial diseases ________. A) are very rare; only a couple of people are diagnosed per year B) are caused only by spontaneous mitochondrial DNA mutations C) cannot be inherited from the mother D) None of the above is true.

D) None of the above is true.

Which of the following is true of both cilia and flagella? A) They are commonly found on cells of the respiratory tract. B) They are numerous and are short extensions. C) They move in a back-and-forth manner. D) They have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.

D) They have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.

Any substance that when dissolved in water will give off H+ ions is referred to as a(n) ________. A) pH B) buffer C) catalyst D) acid

D) acid

Calcium ions are normally in higher concentrations outside most living cells than within cells. Which of the following processes is most likely responsible for this condition? A) simple diffusion B) facilitated diffusion C) osmosis D) active transport

D) active transport

Charlotte liked to have a suntan all of the time, so she never wore sunscreen at the beach or in the tanning salon. During a visit to her doctor, she was told that she has the most common form of skin cancer. She will be all right, but she should avoid prolonged exposure to UV radiation in the future. Which skin cancer does she have? A) melanoma B) squamous cell carcinoma C) sebaceous carcinoma D) basal cell carcinoma

D) basal cell carcinoma

Some drugs used in chemotherapy stop cell division by affecting the cytoskeleton. The drugs would cause functional disabilities in which of the following? A) flagella B) cilia C) neither flagella nor cilia D) both flagella and cilia

D) both flagella and cilia

The term ________ variable refers to one of two variables involved in an experiment, in which neither variable can be isolated as having an effect. A) blind B) statistical C) multiple D) confounding

D) confounding

From which of these phases of cellular respiration does the cell get the most ATP? A) glycolysis B) citric acid cycle C) transition reaction D) electron transport chain

D) electron transport chain

Cartilage that forms at the end of long bones and functions to allow bones to slide past each other during movement is called ________. A) elastic B) fibrocartilage C) bone D) hyaline

D) hyaline

The interaction between two polar molecules would involve ________. A) ionic bonds B) peptide bonds C) covalent bonds D) hydrogen bonds

D) hydrogen bonds

The compound magnesium chloride (MgCl2) turns into one Mg2+ and two Cl- when placed in water. You can guess that the Mg and Cl atoms are held together normally by a(n) ________ bond. A) covalent B) electronegative C) hydrogen D) ionic

D) ionic

Zara has worked for 40 years at a garden center, where she often potted plants. In the early days, she frequently worked with vermiculite, an asbestos-like material. Which organelles are most likely to have destabilized membranes as a result of exposure to vermiculite? A) nuclei B) mitochondria C) Golgi complexes D) lysosomes

D) lysosomes

Most of the energy used by the cell is converted to ATP in ________. A) lysosomes B) Golgi complexes C) nuclei D) mitochondria

D) mitochondria