BIT-200 Terms

Topic 1 Assessment Test

45-64

Boolean operators

A character, word, or symbol that focuses a web search. Also called a search operator.

digital rights management (DRM)

A collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software piracy and prevent unauthorized copying of digital content; includes authentication, certificates of authenticity, encryption, and digital watermarks.

Embedded Computer

A computer that functions as one component in a larger product, and which has a specific purpose.

Smart Devices

A device that can communicate, locate, and predict; part of the Internet of Things (IoT).The basic premise of IoT is that objects can be tagged, tracked, and monitored through a local network or across the Internet.

cookies

A file created by a website and that stores information on your computer, such as your website preferences; also called a first-party cookie.

natural language processing

A form of data input in which computers interpret and digitize spoken words or commands.

Kiosk

A freestanding booth usually placed in a public area that can contain a display device used to show information to the public or event attendees.

Internet

A global collection of millions of computers linked together to share information.

cache

A holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time.

hits

A list of matched results from an Internet search.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

A nonprofit group that sets standards to allow devices, services, and applications to work together across the Internet.

Creative Commons (CC)

A nonprofit organization that makes it easy for content creators to license and share their work by supplying easy-to-understand copyright licenses; the creator chooses the conditions under which the work can be used.

general search engine

A nonspecialized search engine designed to find general results; general search engines include Google, Bing, and Yahoo!

green computing

A practice that involves reducing electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using computers, mobile devices, and related technologies.

browser

A program, such as Microsoft Edge, that is designed to display webpages.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

A protocol used to make a secure connection to a computer; identified by the "https" prefix in a URL and often used by banks and retail stores.

encryption

A security method of "scrambling" information as it is transmitted over a network. Information is scrambled in such a way that it cannot be read unless the user possesses the "key" to unlock it back to a readable format.

3D Secure

A standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over the Internet.

breadcrumbs

A step in the path you follow to display a webpage

Augmented reality (AR)

A type of virtual reality that uses an image of an actual place or thing and adds digital information to it.

IP address

A unique number that identifies every computer on the Internet; consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods, or dots, as in 216.35.148.4.

content aggregator

A website that gathers, organizes, and then distributes web content.

What technology can collect information to make decisions, reach conclusions, and combine information in new ways?

AI Artificial Intelligence

fair use doctrine

Allows you to use a sentence or paragraph of text without permission if you include a citation to the original source.

electronic storefront

An e-commerce website selling products or services.

Computer

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data to produce information, and store the information for future use.

Internet of Things (IoT)

An environment where processors are embedded in every product imaginable (things), and these things communicate with one another via the Internet or wireless networks.

Chip-and-Pin Technology

An improvement in card technology that stores data on an embedded chip instead of a magnetic stripe.

copyright

An originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property.

Digital assistants

Apps like Amazon's Alexa or Apple's Siri that use natural language processing to respond to your verbal commands or questions, using search technology to provide answers or perform a task, such as adding an item to a grocery list.

BYOD

Bring Your Own Device

e-commerce

Business transactions that occur over an electronic network such as the Internet.

intelligent classroom

Classroom in which technology is used to facilitate learning and communication.

address barIn

Computer Concepts, the part of a browser window that displays the location of the current webpage.

personal computer (PC)

Computers designed for personal use, as opposed to commercial or industrial use

Vacuum Tubes

Cylindrical glass tubes that controlled the flow of electrons, used in the first generation of computers.

Information

Data that has been processed to become meaningful.

Information Technology (IT) department

Department in medium and large businesses responsible for ensuring that all the computer operations, mobile devices, and networks run smoothly.

alternative text (alt text)

Descriptive text added to an object. Also called alt text.

Integrated Circuits

Developed in the 1960s, packed the equivalent of thousands of vacuum tubes or transistors into a silicon chip about the size of your thumb.

business-to-consumer (B2C)

E-commerce model in which businesses provide goods and services to consumers; the most widespread example is online shopping.

business-to-business (B2B)

E-commerce model in which businesses transfer goods, services, or information between businesses.

consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

E-commerce model in which consumers provide goods and services to other consumers; the most widespread example of this is online auctions.

Digital Literacy

Having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies

Computer Literacy

Having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies.

Tameka is expecting a baby and her partner wants to make sure he can get her to the hospital on the day of delivery using the fastest route possible regardless of time of day. How should he decide which technology to use?

He should choose a navigation app with artificial intelligence that can provide information about preferred routes.

hyperlinks

In Access, a data type for fields that store a link to a webpage, file, or email address.

index

In Access, a database object that is created based on a field or combination of fields. Also, a field property that keeps track of the order of the values in the field, and a list that relates field values to the records that contain those values.

digital certificate

In Computer Concepts, a technology used to verify a user's identity by using a digital key and that has been "signed" by a trusted third party. This third party verifies the owner and that the key belongs to that owner.

domain name

In Computer Concepts, the portion of a URL or email address that identifies one or more IP addresses, such as cengage.com.

citation style

In a formal reference to a published work such as a book, journal, magazine, or website, the sequence of elements and the punctuation between them; common citation styles include MLA, APA, or Chicago.

citation

In a research paper, a reference to a source; usually in parentheses at the end of a sentence.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Law that requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers.

intellectual property rights

Legal rights protecting those who create works such as photos, art, writing, inventions, and music.

How is a microprocessor different from an integrated circuit?

Microprocessors are faster, smaller and less expensive than integrated circuits.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

One of the leading organizations that set guidelines for the web and that work together to write web standards.

digital citizen

Person familiar with how to use technology to become an educated and productive member of the digital world.

Data

Raw facts, such as text or numbers

audio books

Reads aloud to the user instead of the user reading on a printed page or on the screen.

mobile health (mHealth)

Refers to healthcare professionals using smartphones or tablets to access health records stored in the cloud, and patients using digital devices to monitor their conditions and treatments.

enterprise computing

Refers to the use of technology by a company's employees to meet the needs of a large business.

app

Short for "application," a computer program that performs specific tasks; also called a program.

blogs

Short for web log, an informal website consisting of date- or time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format.

Transistors

Smaller, cheaper, and more reliable replacement for vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers.

crawlers

Software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to a database. Also called spider.

spiders

Software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to the database. Also called crawler.

graphic organizers

Software that enables a user to create an outline or structure of information.

speech recognition programs

Software that helps a user to input data or information verbally.

application

Software that lets users perform specific tasks; also called a program or an app.

screen reader

Technology that uses audio output to describe the contents of the screen.

Module 2 Review

Terms

Microprocessor

The "brains" of a computer; a chip that contains a central processing unit.

information literacy

The ability to find, evaluate, use, and communicate online information.

Hardware

The device itself and its components, such as wires, cases, switches, and electronic circuits.

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have access to technology and its resources and information, especially on the Internet, and those who do not.

home page

The main webpage around which a website is built that opens every time you start a browser.

ethics

The moral principles that govern people's behavior; many schools and other organizations post codes of conduct for computer use, which can help you make ethical decisions while using a computer.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The most common way to transfer information around the web; when the URL for a webpage starts with http://, the web browser uses this protocol for transferring the information.

Software

The programs and apps that instruct the computer to perform tasks. Software processes data into meaningful information.

robotics

The science that combines engineering and technology to create and program robots. Robots are useful in situations where it is impractical, dangerous, or inconvenient to use a human.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The technological use of logic and prior experience to simulate human intelligence.

top-level domain (TLD)

The three-letter extension after the period in a domain name, the TLD identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.

Virtual reality (VR)

The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

U.S. law that requires that public schools purchase or acquire funding for adaptive technologies.

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

Used by manufacturers to streamline production and ship products more quickly. With CAM, robots perform work that is too dangerous, detailed, or monotonous for people.

intelligent workplace

Uses technology to enable workers to connect to the company's network, communicate with each other, use productivity software and apps, meet via web conferencing, and more.

machine-to-machine (M2M)

Using computers to monitor computer assembly lines and equipment.

learning management system (LMS)

Web-based sites where students can check their progress in a course, take practice tests, and exchange messages with the instructor or other students.

telecommuting

Working from home.

Steve has built an online shopping website and he would like to increase his website ranking in the search results. You are his consultant. Which of the following would you recommend for him to help achieve his goal?

a. Offer a variety of online payment options

Which of the following is an example of green computing?

a. Purchase and use products with an ENERGY STAR label.

Your Uber driver just showed up to pick you up and when you open the car door, you notice that the human is in the passenger seat and no one is sitting in the driver's seat. You realize this is a self-driving car. You are pretty excited to experience this new technology, but also have reservations. Based on what you have researched, which of the following might be one of your reservations?

a. Self-driving cars contribute to accidents caused by distracted driving.

The fifth grade class at the local elementary school is doing a class project on recycling and wants to involve the entire community. How could they inform community members about their project using social networking?

a. They could create a hashtag and post on social media..

Why do companies use online collaborative productivity software?

a. to allow employees to share, edit, and comment on documents

Which of the following is assigned to each webpage to identify its location on the Internet?

a. uniform resource locator (URL)

In a web app, where is data usually stored?

b. Cloud storage

Which of the following is a web app?

c. Google Docs

How would you describe an intelligent workplace?

c. It uses technology to enable workers to connect and communicate.

Bentley is the head of a software development team and needs to use a web app for project management. Which of the following web apps best suits his needs?

c. Trello

At the beginning of the school year, each classroom was given one box of copy paper to make all their copies for the year. How do you think the teachers will be able to make that one box last all year long?

d. Place as many documents as possible online, reducing the need for paper printouts.

Which of the following is the science that combines technology and engineering?

d. Robotics

Search engines use software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to the database. What is this software called?

d. Spiders

_____ is the gap between those who have access to technology and its resources and information, especially on the Internet, and those who do not.

d. digital divide

A smart refrigerator can use _____ to detect when you are running low on milk, and then send a reminder to you on a wireless network.

sensors

Which option lists the computer components in order from oldest to newest?

vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, personal computers

Angeline is deaf. To adhere with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) how can technology help her compete in a hearing world?

​ Users with hearing disabilities can instruct programs or apps to display words or other visual clues instead of sounds. Captioning software displays scrolling text for dialogue in a video.