BLaw 2 - Ch. 42 Quiz
Which of the following is NOT true about Rawls' social justice theory?
A criticism of Rawls' social justice theory is that it is difficult to reach consensus on what the universal rules should be. True: - As a caveat, Rawls also proposed that the least advantaged in society must receive special assistance to realize their potential. - One criticism of Rawls' social justice theory is that establishing the blind "original position" for choosing moral principles is impossible in the real world. - One criticism of Rawls' social justice theory is that many persons in society would choose not to maximize the benefit to the least advantaged persons in society. - Fairness is considered the essence of justice under Rawls' social justice theory.
In POM Wonderful, LLC v. Coca-Cola Company, the court held that ________.
POM could proceed with an action under Section 43 of the Lanham Act
The universal rules of Kantian ethics are based on two important principles: 1) consistency—that is, _________________, with no exceptions-and 2) reversibility—that is, ____________________ the morality of someone else's conduct.
all cases are treated alike; the actor must abide by the rule he or she uses to judge
Ethics and the law are _____.
intertwined
What is the traditional view of the social responsibility of business?
maximize profits
Occupational safety laws that establish minimum safety standards for protecting employees from injuries in the workplace are an example of ________.
moral minimum
Some proponents of corporate social responsibility argue that a corporation's duty is to make a profit while avoiding causing harm to others. This is the _____ theory of social responsibility.
moral minimum
Which of the following is NOT a recognized theory of the social responsibility of business?
societal harmony Recognized Theory: - stakeholder interest - corporate citizenship - maximize profits - moral minimum
If an action would increase the good of 25 people by one unit each and an alternative action would increase the good of one person by 26 units, then, according to _____, the latter action should be taken.
utilitarianism
Under _____, fairness is considered the essence of justice.
Rawls's social justice theory
Section 406 of the _____ Act requires a public company to disclose whether it has adopted a code of ethics for senior financial officers, including its principal financial officer and principal accounting officer.
Sarbanes-Oxley
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding Kantian ethics?
Kant believed that people owe moral duties that are based on conditional rules. Correct: - A criticism of Kantian ethics is that it is difficult to reach consensus on what the universal rules should be. - Kant's ethical theory would have people behave according to the categorical imperative, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." - According to Kantian ethics, keeping a promise to abide by a contract is a moral duty even though that contract turns out to be detrimental to the obligated party. - Kant's philosophy is based on the premise that people can use reasoning to reach ethical decisions.
According to _____, people owe moral duties that are based on universal rules.
Kantian ethics
_____ is also called duty ethics.
Kantian ethics
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding law and ethics?
Businesses organized in the United States are not subject to the laws of other countries in which they operate. Correct: - Most laws are based on ethical standards. - The law establishes a minimum degree of conduct expected by persons and businesses in society. - Ethics demands more than the minimum degree of conduct expected by persons and businesses in society. - Not all ethical standards have been enacted as law.
_____ holds that individuals must decide what is ethical based on their own feelings about what is right and wrong.
Ethical relativism
Which of the following is NOT true about the social responsibility of business?
Social responsibility requires that business decisions be based solely on a cost-benefit analysis and how they affect the bottom line. True: - Decisions made by businesses have far-reaching effects on society. - Social responsibility requires corporations and businesses to act with awareness of the consequences and impact that their decisions will have on others. - Corporations and businesses are considered to have some degree of responsibility for their actions under corporate social responsibility theory. - In the past, many business decisions were based solely on a cost-benefit analysis and how they affected the bottom line.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding ethical fundamentalism?
Under ethical fundamentalism, the people must choose the action or follow the rule that provides the greatest good to society. Correct: - Taken to an extreme, the result of ethical fundamentalism could be considered unethical under most other moral theories. - Under ethical fundamentalism, a person looks to an outside source for ethical rules or commands. - A literal interpretation of the maxim "an eye for an eye" would permit retaliation. - Critics argue that ethical fundamentalism does not permit people to determine wrong for themselves.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding Rawls's social justice theory?
Under this theory, free enterprise is considered the essence of justice. Correct: - One criticism of this theory is that establishing the blind "original position" for choosing moral principles is impossible in the real world. - Under this theory, the principles of justice should be chosen by persons who do not yet know their station in society. - Under this theory, a "veil of ignorance" would permit the fairest possible principles to be selected. - One criticism of this theory is that many persons in society would choose not to maximize the benefit to the least advantaged persons in society.
A company is trying to determine whether it should close an unprofitable plant located in a small community. _____ would require that the benefits to shareholders from closing the plant be compared with the benefits to employees, their families, and others in the community from keeping it open.
Utilitarianism
_____ dictates that people must choose the action or follow the rule that provides the greatest good to society.
Utilitarianism
_____ is a moral theory with origins in the works of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
Utilitarianism
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism dictates that people must choose the action or follow the rule that provides the greatest good to society. This means the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Correct: - Utilitarianism has been criticized because it is difficult to estimate the "good" that will result from different actions. - Utilitarianism has been criticized because it treats morality as if it were an impersonal mathematical calculation. - Utilitarianism dictates that people must choose the action or follow the rule that provides the greatest good to society. - Utilitarianism has been criticized because it is difficult to apply in an imperfect world.
The universal rules of Kantian ethics are based on which of the following two important principles?
consistency and reversibility
The _____ theory of social responsibility argues that business has a responsibility to improve society and help solve social problems.
corporate citizenship
If a person looks to Karl Marx for ethical rules or commands, this is an example of _____.
ethical fundamentalism
If a person looks to the Bible or Koran for ethical rules or commands, this is an example of _____.
ethical fundamentalism
Under _____, a person looks to an outside source for ethical rules or commands.
ethical fundamentalism