Block set 3 Microbiology

Papillomaviridae

penile and/or cervical cancer

In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following?

prophage

Which of the following are enzymes that break down proteins?

protease

Although there are no current treatments for prion infections, which of the following could be used?

proteases

Poxviridae

skin lesions

light-independent reactions

stroma of chloroplast

The protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following?

Capsomeres

acetone-butanol-ethanol

Clostridium acetobutylicum

The hemagglutinin assay can only identify infectious virus particles.

False

There is a cure for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

False

Match the virus family to its genome as defined by the Baltimore classification: (+)ssRNA naked

Hepatovirus

Match the virus family to its genome as defined by the Baltimore classification: dsDNA enveloped

Herpes simplex virus

The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following?

Induction

Match the virus family to its genome as defined by the Baltimore classification: (-)ssRNA enveloped

Influenza virus

Which of the following is not a common electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

PO43-

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following?

Prion

(-)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following?

RNA polymerase encoded by the virus

Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses?

biological vector

Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA?

cDNA

Herpesviridae

cold sores and/or genital warts

glycolysis

cytoplasm

How is kuru transmitted?

eating infected meat through cannibalism

Viruses can be visualized using which method?

electron microscope

Glycolysis cannot occur in an anaerobic environment.

false

Prion disease cannot be transmitted from one generation to the next.

false

Picornaviridae

hepatitis

electron transport chain of cell respiration

inner mitochondrial membrane

Chemoautotrophs

iron-oxidizing bacteria

Hemagglutinin

isolating antibodies from a patient, adding them to a virus, and seeing if the virus can clump erythrocytes

Which effect does tomato planta macho viroids have on the crop?

loss of chlorophyll

RT-PCR

making cDNA from RNA

Which group comprises all lithotrophs?

microbes

Krebs cycle

mitochondrial matrix

Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion?

nm

Carotenoids are pigments that are which of the following colors?

orange/red/yellow

Chemotrophs obtain their energy from which of the following?

organic and inorganic chemical reactions

The Krebs cycle begins with the addition of acetyl CoA to which of the following?

oxaloacetate

Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed?

oxidized

In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following?

provirus

Photoautotrophs

purple sulfer bacteria

Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?

pyruvate

Parvoviridae

respiratory tract infections

Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses?

reverse transcriptase

Which of the following is a pathway that breaks down glucose in some microbes?

the Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Which of the following is the most acidic location in a mitochondrion?

the intermembrane space

Which of the following best defines chemiosmosis?

the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase

A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in the scenario?

The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction

How can enteropathogenic O157:H7 E. coli strain be recognized from other E. coli strains?

Unlike other E. coli, it cannot ferment sorbitol.

Each pyruvate molecule contains how many carbon atoms?

three

light reactions of photosynthesis

thylakoid membrane

Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?

to regenerate NAD+

Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses?

transduction

Most plant viruses do not kill their host.

true

Glycolysis produces a net gain of which of the following?

two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvates

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following?

viroid

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following?

virusoid

alcohol

Candida, Saccharomyces

mixed acid

Escherichia, Shigella

A zoonosis can only be transmitted from animals to humans.

False

Any virus can infect any host cell.

False

Fermentation is necessary because it provides additional energy compared with glycolysis alone.

False

Viruses are facultative intracellular parasites

False

ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation when which of the following occurs?

H+ moves through ATP synthase

Match the virus family to its genome as defined by the Baltimore classification: (+)ssRNA enveloped

HIV

Which of the following is NOT a property of a virus?

It is an infectious cellular pathogen.

The liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors is known as which of the following?

Serum

Which scientist first discovered prions?

Stanley Prusiner

lactic acid

Streptococcus, Lactobacillus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can degrade cholesterol, making it more virulent.

True

RT-PCR relies on an enzyme encoded by retroviruses.

True

Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes?

cofactors

Which of the following is the step in which CO2 enters the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?

fixation

Photoheterotrophs

green non-sulfer bacteria

Which of the following best describes the subcomponents of pyrophosphate?

two inorganic phosphate molecules

Chemoautotrophic

uses chemical energy and an inorganic carbon source

Chemoheterotrophs

uses chemical energy and an organic carbon source

Photoautotrophs

uses light energy and an inorganic carbon source

Photoheterotrophs

uses light energy and an organic carbon source

EIA

using antibodies to detect viral antigens

PCR

using primers to amplify DNA

Which of the following refers to the term metabolism?

All of the reactions in the cell or organism

Oxygen is necessary for an electron transport chain to function.

False

butanediol

Klebsiella, Enterobacter

Which is a common electron acceptor in catabolic reactions?

NAD+

Which statement regarding the introduction of a virus in eggs is true?

Pox can form on the embryo.

Match the virus family to its genome as defined by the Baltimore classification: dsDNA naked

Reovirus

The light reactions of photosynthesis include an electron transport chain.

True

Fatty acids are often degraded using which set of reactions?

B- Oxidation

You are a nurse and you suspect that you may have been exposed to a particular virus. You and your health care provider decide to perform a hemagglutinin assay. A sample of your serum is taken and added to a sample of the virus. Next, the virus and serum sample is added to erythrocytes. Upon examination, you do not see any agglutination occurring. Which can you conclude from these results?

The test result suggest you may have been exposed to the virus, and your serum contains antibodies against the virus.

The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic?

The viral genome

Which of the following best describes catabolic pathways?

They break down large molecules into smaller components.

(+)ssRNA can be directly used in translation at the ribosome.

True

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces only ATP, but noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP and NADH.

True

Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme?

a competitive inhibitor

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?

absorbs energy from the environment

Which site on an enzyme is where substrates bind?

active site

Which molecule is often called the cell's energy currency?

adenosine triphosphate

Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections?

adenovirus

Chemoheterotrophs

animals

Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication?

attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, lysis