BLOOD (class slides) ( needs more from study guide)

"Poeisis" is a suffix that means "the formation of." Therefore, leucopoiesis would be the formation of __________.

White blood cells

Which of the following would NOT result in the release of more erythropoietin from the kidney?

being on an oxygen respirator

Hemopoiesis is __________, homeostasis is __________, and hemostais is __________.

blood formation; a process of maintaining a steady state; blood clotting

Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?

lymphocytes

Which of the following leukocytes do not have multi‐lobed nuclei?

lymphocytes and monocytes

Agranulocytes

A group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei; lymphocytes, monocytes.

The three main protein ion blood plasma

Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogens

Blood forming cells in the reticular connective tissue

Around the bone marrow sinusoid

Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

B lymphocytes

Platelets

Cell fragments which break off from megakaryocytic and function in blood clotting

Lymphocytes are important and act against what ?

Important cells of the immune system and act against a specific foreign molecule (antigen)

Hematopoiesis

In red bone marrow

Globulins

Includes antibodies and blood proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper

Fibrinogen

Involved in blood clotting

Location of red bone marrow

Spongy bone

Antigens are ?

They are relatively large molecules that identify a blood type. Each antigen type has unique traits that, in a sense, make it like a lock that only a specific antibody key can fit.

Which of the following statements is true of antigen-antibody interactions?

They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.

What is thrombopoiesis ?

Thrombopoiesis is the process of making platelets in the body to help with blood clotting and healing.

Monocytes do what ?

Transform into macrophages after leaving the vessels ( phagocytic cells)

Which of the following leukocytes respond when a person is allergic to something?

eosinophils

Red blood cells are ?

erythrocytes

Which of the following characteristics of erythrocytes allow for the easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

flattened shape

During hemopoiesis a specific stem cell will differentiate into other stem cells resulting in all the different cellular components of blood. Which of the following is the name of this original stem cell?

hemocytoblast

During the process of erythropoiesis, all of the following are ejected from the developing erythrocyte except __________.

hemoglobin

The process of blood clotting is called __________.

hemostasis

Erythropoietin is a chemical that is involved in starting the process of erythropoiesis. Erythropoietin is a(n) __________ produced by the __________.

hormone; kidneys

Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas and binds to hemoglobin when inhaled. It creates problems because it binds to the same site as oxygen does, competing for the same binding site. This ultimately causes the erythrocyte to deliver carbon monoxide instead of oxygen to the tissues. Which of the following is the binding site for carbon monoxide?

iron

Oxygen binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

iron

White blood cells are ?

leukocytes

The buffy coat consists of

leukocytes and platelets, <1% of whole blood

Leukocytes can be partially identified by looking at their nucleus. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes to their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus?

lymphocyte

Hemocytoblasts can differentiate and turn into stem cells called myeloblasts. Myeloblasts will then turn into all of the following leukocytes EXCEPT __________.

lymphocytes

Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream. Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?

lymphocytes

Neutrophils are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.

their nucleus can take on a variety of shapes

Megakaryoblasts develop from hemocytoblasts and are involved in the process of __________.

thrombopoiesis

Function of blood tissue

transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones

Which of the following is the greatest component of plasma?

water

What are lymphocytes

white blood cells that help protect our bodies from infections and diseases. There are three types: T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. - T cells: They coordinate the immune response, destroy infected cells, and help other immune cells. - B cells: They make antibodies that fight harmful substances like bacteria and viruses. - NK cells: They recognize and kill abnormal or infected cells, like cancer cells. made in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus or bone marrow. They travel throughout the body to find and destroy threats.

Location of blood tissue

within blood vessels

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. How many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?

1 billion

Basophils

1%

Leukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood; however, of that small value approximately __________ are lymphocytes.

20-25%

Lymphocytes

25%

Eosinophil

4%

Erythrocytes

45% of whole blood (hematocrit), most dense component

Monocytes

5%

Plasma

55% of whole blood, least dense component

Neutrocytes

65%

What is basophil

a type of white blood cell. They are involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasites. They have dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm that contain substances like histamine, which causes allergy symptoms. Basophils can go to sites of inflammation and release chemical signals to help the immune response.

Carbon dioxide binds the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

amino acid

Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?

basophils

Formed elements are

buffy coat and erythrocytes

Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of __________.

chemotaxis

Fibrinogen is a __________ that is transported via the plasma of blood.

clotting protein

Which of the following stimulates the release of erythropoietin?

decreased amount of oxygen going to the kidneys

Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can __________.

engulf and kill bacteria

Granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils ( the order of all of them from highest percentage to lowest percentage)

Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:

plasma

Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream by passing through the walls of capillaries. In the process of passing through the pores in the capillaries, the megakaryocytes fragment. These fragments are __________.

platelets

Albumin

prevents water from defusing out of the blood

description of blood tissue

red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix

During the process of erythropoiesis, the developing erythrocytes go through a variety of stages. During one stage the cells are called young or immature erythrocytes, otherwise known as __________.

reticulocytes