Blood Pressure & MAP Lab

List the sequence of events initiated by the cardiovascular center, to correct the decrease in mean arterial pressure. Be sure to include: all the ways the sympathetic nervous system acts to raise blood pressure back to normal

Cadiovascular center increases sympathetic stimulation = vasoconstriction (increase in TPR) = 1. Raise in arterial pressure (increase MAP) 2. Fall in pulse pressure (decrease PPP amplitude 3. Increase contractility of the ventricles 4. Increase venous vasocontriction

What is the relationship between total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Decrease in TPR (vasodilation) = Decrease in MAP Increase in TPR (vasoconstriction) = Increase in MAP

List the sequence of events during the Valsalva maneuver that result in a drop in blood pressure

Decrease in venous return = decrease EDV = decrease SV = decrease CO = Decrease MAP = decrease stretch of baroreceptors = decrease depolarization rate = info goes to medulla = body's respons = increase sympathetic stimulation = vasonconstriction (increase TPR) = Rise in arterial pressure & fall in PP

What effect does increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation have on the peripheral pulse amplitude (PPP)? Why?

Decreases PPP. Increase in sympathetic stimulation = vasoconstriction ( increase in TPR) = Rise in arterial pressure/increase MAP & decrease in PPP

List the sequence of events beginning with hemorrhage and ending with a decrease in mean arterial pressure

Hemorrhage = decrease in venous return = decrease in EDV = decrease SV = decrease in CO = fall in MAP

How might an increase in blood viscosity affect MAP

Increase viscosity would make blood flow slower/reduces blood flow which would increase TPR and increase MAP

How does a vasoconstriction affect peripheral pulse pressure (PPP) amplitude?

PPP decreases, pulse wave gets shorter if less blood enters the capillary

List all the ways the parasympathetic nervous system acts to raise blood pressure back to normal

Parasympathetic stimulation = vasodilation (decrease TPR) = 1. Decrease in arterial pressure (decrease MAP) 2. Increase in pulse pressure (increase PPP amplitude) 3. Decrease contractility of the ventricles 4. Increase in venous vasodilation

How is laminar blood flow related to the measurement of blood pressure

The walls of the artery stop vibrating and the Korotokoff sounds disappear. The pressure in the artery when the Korotokoff sound first disappears is the diastolic blood pressure

Why does an increase in TPR cause a small amplitude PPP

because it decreases PPP

Why did cold water on the hand result in a small amplitude PPP

because the body tries to reduce heat loss by vasoconstricting the blood vessels. Vasoconstriction causes and increase in MAP which decreases PPP for a smaller amplitude

Why is no sound heard when the sphygmomanometer is not inflated

because there is no pressure on the arterial walls causing any vibrations

Explain why the PPP amplitude became small

because there was a rise in MAP

What causes the sounds of Korotcoff

blood flow is turbulent from the pressure of being stopped by the cuff and makes the walls of the artery vibrate. the vibrations of the walls cause a tapping sound

How is blood pressure measured?

by a sphygmomanometer. Cuff is placed around the person's upper arm, inflated, and then let out slowly. The pressure collapses the brachial artery in the arm

What is the first change in the cardiovascular system that occurs as a result of hemorrhage

decrease in venous return

Predict what happens to PPP when standing up from a sitting position. Be sure to determine 1. the change in MAP cause by standing up 2. the cardiovascular center's corrective response that alters MAP

increase in PPP 1. MAP will decrease because there will be a decrease in venous return. 2. stimulate parasympathetic system to vasodilate blood vessels causing a decrease in MAP and increase in PPP

When a person lies down from a standing position, what is the first change in the cardiovascular system?

increase in venous return

How does vasoconstriction affect TPR

its a small radius of blood vessel and increases TPR, slow blood leaving the arteries

How does vasoconstriction affect MAP

small radius slow blood leaving arteries blood accumulates and backs up in arteries causing MAP to increases

How does the cardiovascular center (baroreceptor reflex) respond to correct this change

vasodilation = decrease in MAP and increase in PP

What is laminar blood flow

when blood flow in the artery is smooth, brachial artery is fully open