Blood Type & Blood (Lab)

Rh factor and pregnancy

If mom has Rh negative blood it may be exposed to Rh positive blood that causes mom to produce antibodies against baby and cause hemolysis causing erythroblastosis fetalis

neutrophilia

Increase in neutrophils

eosinophilia

Increased number of eosinophils

Buffy coat

Layer of white blood cells and platelets that form between the plasma and red blood cells

white blood cells

Leukocytes

hematocrit

Measures the percentage of RBC's in a sample

Hematocrit Calculation

PCV = Height of RBC's (mm) divided by Height of Entire Sample (mm)

erythrocytes

Red blood cells

sickle-cell anemia

Red blood cells have a sickle shape and clump together; may result in severe joint and abdominal pain, weakness, kidney disease, or restricted blood flow

Rh factor

Refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells.

agglutinate

The blood will agglutinate if the antigens in the patient's blood match the antibodies in the test tube. A antibodies attach to A antigens - they match like a lock and key - and thus form a clump of red blood cells. In the same way B antibodies attach to B antigens and Rh antibodies to Rh antigens. (clumping= Rh+) In the test tubes where agglutination has occured, the patient's red blood cells have been linked together, like bunches of grapes, instead of floating around one by one .

neutrophil

The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.

blood formed elements

The solid part of blood made up of: - platelets (thombocytes) - leukocytes (white blood cells) - erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Anti-B

What antibodies are present in type A blood?

Neither Anti-A nor Anti-B

What antibodies are present in type AB blood?

Anti-A

What antibodies are present in type B blood?

Anti-A and Anti-B

What antibodies are present in type O blood?

A

What antigen is present in type A blood?

A and B

What antigen is present in type AB blood?

B

What antigen is present in type B blood?

Neither A nor B

What antigen is present in type O blood?

leukocytes

White blood cells that provides the body protection against infection.

blood type

a classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell; A, B, AB, or O

eosinophil

a cytotoxic granulocyte. (releases poisions that 'kill the bad guys')

neutropenia

a decreased number of neutrophils

What could indicate a parasitic infection

a high number of eosinophils

polycythemia

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

what could indicate inflammation or allergies

an increase in basophils

what could indicate a bacterial or viral infection

an increase in lymphocytes

what could indicate an increase in chronic infection

an increase in monocytes

What could indicate an acute infection

an increase in neutrophils

antibodies

attack blood antigens

Red blood cells

erythrocytes

ABO groups

four common blood groups : O, A, B, and AB

hematorcit

measure red cells (mm) divide by the whole column (mm) multiply this number by 100%.

leukocyte disorders

neutrophilia neutropenia eosinophilia leukemia leukopenia

erythrocyte disorders

polycythemia anemia sickle-cell anemia

AB blood type

universal recipient because they have both A & B antigens & therefore no antibodies for either

antigens

2 types- A & B Blood can have one, both or neither of these antigens. (Blood type is determined by the presence and/or absence)

basophil

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

granulocytes

A group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm - neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils

agranulocytes

A group of leukocytes without granules in the cytoplasm - lymphocytes - monocytes.

lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

platelets

A very small blood cell (aka thrombocyte) that participates in coagulation, wound healing, and inflammation

leukopenia

Abnormally low white blood cell count

monocyte

An agranular leukocyte phagocyte that is able to migrate into tissues as a macrophage.

leukemia

Blood cancer characterized by an increase in white blood cells

hematocrit formed elements

Buffy coat and erythrocytes

Low hematocrit could indicate

- Anemia - Thalassemia

What is the least abundant WBC

- Basophil

High hematocrit could indicate

- Dehydration - Pulmonary disease - Smoking - Polycythemia Vera (Too many RBC's being produced)

plasma

- Liquid part of blood - makes up about 55% of the total blood volume

Normal hematocrit

- Male • 42% - 54% - Female • 37% - 46%

3 layers of hematocrit

- Plasma - Buffy coat - Erythrocytes

agglutination

- clumping of particles - occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody - term commonly used in blood grouping.

Rh Postitive

- having the Rh factor (antigens) - don't have anti-Rh antibodies - can accept positive or negative blood

Rh Negative

- lacking the Rh factor (antigens) - have anti-Rh antibodies - can only accept negative blood

What is the most abundant WBC

- neutrophils

O blood type

- universal donor because they don't have A or B antigens - have antibodies for both A & B. They can only accept O blood.