Blood Vessels HW

Match each type of capillary to its most likely location. 3. Areas where large proteins and cells need to enter or leave the bloodstream (e.g. liver and spleen)

Sinusoids

What is the best way to estimate the MAP?

Take the diastolic pressure and add one-third of the pulse pressure.

Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?

The net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.

What is(are) the physiological purposes of vasoreflexes?

To cause a generalized raising or lowering of blood pressure throughout the body and to selectively modify the perfusion of a particular organ by rerouting blood from one region of the body to another

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?

Vagus nerve

Diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during which of the following?

Ventricular relaxation

Which of the following does not aid in venous return? Venule suction The thoracic (respiratory) pump The pressure gradient The skeletal muscle pump Gravity

Venule suction

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart. Right internal carotid artery Cavernous sinus Superior vena cava Brachiocephalic trunk Right common carotid artery Right brachiocephalic vein Cerebral arterial circle Aorta Right internal jugular vein

1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right common carotid artery 4. Right internal caroid artery 5. Cerebral arterial circle 6. Cavernous sinus 7. Right internal jugular vein 8. Right brachiocephalic vein 9. Superior vena cava

Which of the following is not detected by chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies? Oxygen Blood pressure pH Carbon dioxide Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Blood pressure

Why does exercise increase venous return?

Blood vessels of the skeletal muscles, lungs, and coronary circulation dilate, increasing flow.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the fundamental causes of edema.

Capillary reabsorption does not depend on oncotic pressure.

Where are baroreceptors found?

Carotid sinuses

Which of the following is not a mechanism that assists venous return?

Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules

Match each type of capillary to its most likely location. 1. Most tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle)

Continuous capillaries

How do materials get from the blood to the surrounding tissues?

Diffusion, filtration and absorption, and transcytosis

Match each type of capillary to its most likely location. 2. Organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration of small molecules (e.g. small intestine, kidneys)

Fenestrated capillaries

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Where are arterial anastomoses, in which two arteries merge, found?

In the coronary circulation

Which of the following will not increase the heart rate? Decreased blood oxygen Increased blood carbon dioxide Increased blood pressure Decreased blood pH

Increased Blood pressure

What does decompensated shock result in?

Ischemia and acidosis of the brainstem, myocardial ischemia, several life-threatening positive feedback loops, and disseminated intravascular coagulation

Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?

Medulla oblongata

During exercise, the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves cause which of the following to occur?

Arterioles dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which term refers to the feedback response to blood pressure changes?

Baroreflex

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart. Venous palmar arches Brachiocephaic vein Superior vena cava Brachial artery Basilic vein Aort Ulnar artery Brachiocephalic trunk Subclavain vein Right subclavian artery

1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right subclavian artery 4. Brachial artery 5. Ulnar artery 6. Venous palmar arches 7. Basilic vein 8. Subclavian vein 9. Brachiocephalic vein 10. Superior vena cava

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart. Common iliac vein, Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Aorta, Popliteal vein, Femoral vein, Inferior vena cava, Femoral artery, Popliteal artery, External iliac vein

1. Aorta 2. Common iliac artery 3. External iliac artery 4. Fe,oral artery 5. Popliteal artery 6. Popliteal vein 7. Femoral vein 8. External iliac vein 9. Common iliac vein 10. Inferior vena cava

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. 1.The ********* is the first vessel blood enters upon exiting the heart. 2. The ******** expand and recoil with every heart beat due to a histologically dominant network of elastic tissue in the tunica media. 3. Just prior to entering capillary beds, ********have become extremely thin and present only a few layers of smooth muscle. 4. The site of gaseous exchange, or*********, are characterized by extremely thin walls with only endothelium and basal lamina, which better suits diffusional requirements. 5. After exiting the capillary, ******* contain no muscle and are the first vessel that blood enters on its way back to the heart. 6. The ******** contain abundant but irregularly spaced smooth muscle with frequent valves present in the tunica interna. 7. The superior vena cava is an example of a ******** that includes smooth muscle circularly and longitudinally arranged in the tunica media and externa, respectively.

1. Aorta 2. Large (elastic) arteries 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries 5. Venules 6. Medium veins 7. Large vein

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart. Capillaries, conducting arteries, large veins, distributing arteries, venus sinuses, resistance arteries, muscular venules, medium veins, arterioles, post-capillary venules

1. Conducting arteries 2. distributing arteries 3. resistance arteries 4. arterioles 5. capillaries 6. post-capillary venules 7. muscular venules 8. medium veins 9. venus sinuses 10. large veins

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. 1. Typically, fluid filters ****** the arterial end of a capillary. 2. Fluid will then osmotically reenter at the ****** end. 3. This fluid delivers materials to the cells and removes its ******. 4. This shift in fluid balance at the arterial end is referred to as ******** pressure. 5. This is the physical force exerted by a ******* against a surface like a capillary wall.

1. Out 2. Venous 3. Waste 4. Hydrostatic 5. Liquid

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. 1.Blood flow is ******* according to metabolic needs. After a meal the *******receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow. During exercise the skeletal muscles receive ******* blood flow. Most of the redirection will occur in the *********.

1. Redirected 2. Intestines 3. More 4. Arterioles

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. 1. Capillary beds have precapillary ******** at the junction of capillaries and the metarteriole. Constriction of these sphincters ******** the blood flow through their respective capillaries. When this occurs, blood is ******** to tissue or organs elsewhere. When the sphincters are open, blood will ******** the capillary bed.

1. Sphincters 2. Reduces 3. Diverted 4. Fill

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. 1. The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the heart cycle is referred to as ********* . 2. When one third of pulse pressure is added to the diastolic pressure, a good estimate of ************ is obtained. 3. The ********* is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the heart cycle. 4. Subtracting the SBP from the DBP results in ********* which is directly proportional to the overall strength of one's pulse.

1. Systolic blood pressure 2. Mean arterial pressure 3. Diastolic blood pressure 4. Pulse pressure

Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?

90%

What is the main chemical stimulus for cerebral autoregulation?

pH

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the __________.

portal systems and anastomoses