Board exam

Avulsion (A.K.A. Degloving) wound

A serious wound resulting from tension that causes skin to become detached from underlying structures. A flap like wound that expose muscle, tendon and tissue.

Monofilament testing kit

A variety of filament thicknesses which are applied perpendicular to the skin and held in place for 1 sec. With enough force to bend the filament into a "C" shape

Cranial Nerve 6

Abducens (motor)

acute wounds include

Abrasion- combination of friction and shear forces, scrapping away of the skin's superficial layer Avulsion (A.K.A. Degloving) - A serious wound resulting from tension that causes skin to become detached from underlying structures. A flap like wound that expose muscle, tendon and tissue. Incisional wound- often associated with surgery and is created by a sharp object such as a scalpel Laceration- a wound or irregular tear of tissue often associated with trauma. Caused by tension, shear or high force compression. Penetrating- wound that enters the interior of an organ or cavity Puncture- made by a sharp pointed object as it penetrates the skin and underlying tissues. Skin tear- results from trauma to fragile skin such as bumping into an object, adhesive removal, shear or friction forces.

Moro reflex

Head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches

Cranial nerve 12

Hypoglossal (tongue movement)

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

Identify the following reflex - Prone position results in maximal flexor tone - Supine position results in maximal extensor tone if persists and is strong, may block rolling from supine due to increased extensor tone

ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck reflex)

Interferes with - feeding - rolling -midline use of hands - development of crawling / creeping - visual tracking

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)

Interferes with: -Ability to prop on arms in prone position - crawling reciprocal - sitting balance when looking around

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

Interferes with: - Ability to initiate rolling - Ability to prop on elbows with extended hips in prone - ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sitting position from supine position - often causes full body extension, which interferes with balance in sitting or standing

venous insufficiency ulcers

Location: Proximal to medial malleolus irregular and shallow large amounts of pus moderate amount of pain normal pulse Dry Need to elevate

Cranial Nerve 3

Oculomotor (eye movement)

Cranial Nerve 1

Olfactory (smell)

Cranial Nerve 2

Optic - vision

monofilament test

Predicts the risk of future for ulcers in the foot. Use in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Failure to perceive the application of a 10 g, monofilament indicates a loss of protective sensation.

Galant Reflex

Touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip Lateral flexion of trunk to side of stimulus

Cranial Nerve 4

Trochlear (eye movement)

Cranial nerve 10

Vagus

cranial nerve 8

Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

When the head is rotated, the limb on the nose side is extended and the limbs on the skull side is flexed.

rooting reflex

a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

Cranial nerve 11

accessory nerve

STNR (symmetrical tonic neck reflex)

birth to 4-6 mo. Arm flex and legs extend (tone increases) Arms extend and legs flex 9tone increases)

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

birth to 6 months

Abrasion wound

combination of friction and shear forces, scrapping away of the skin's superficial layer (epidural layer)

STNR (symmetrical tonic neck reflex)

extension of cervical produces extension of UE and flexion of LE flexion of cervical produces flexion of UE, and extension of LE.

cranial nerve 7

facial nerve

cranial nerve 9

glossopharyngeal nerve

startle reflex

occurs when a baby is startled by a loud noise, a sudden movement, or the head falling back. The arms are thrown apart. The legs extend and then flex. A brief cry is common

Plantar Grasp Reflex

reaction to stimulation of the sole of the foot that causes the toes of the feet to "grasp"

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

stimulus: position of labyrinth in inner ear - reflected in head position response: in the supine position, body and extremities are held in extension; in prone position, body and extremities are held in flexion normal age of response: birth to 6 months

Positive Support Reflex

stimulus: weight placed on balls of feet when upright response: stiffening of legs and trunk into extension normal age of response: 35 weeks of gestation to 2 months

TNR

tonic neck reflex (also ATNR, STNR)

Cranial Nerve 5

trigeminal nerve

Moro reflex

when startled, an infant throws his arms out, spreads his fingers then cross trunk into adduction; cry