BOC Exam

Rules have been instituted in some sports to minimize the risk of injury to participants. In 1976 the practice of spearing was deemed illegal. What action constitutes spearing?

A defensive back tackles a receiver, making initial contact with the top of his helmet.

Which of the following demonstrates the order of bony palpation from proximal to distal?

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali, talar head, navicular tuberosity, first cuneiform

If it was determined that a 25-year-old athlete should work at 80% of his maximal heart rate, what would be his target heart rate?

156 BPM

When transporting an athlete off the field by manual conveyance, it is most convenient to do this with how many athletic trainers?

2

How long should the abdomen be auscultated before the athletic trainer decides if the bowel sounds are absent?

2-3min

What is the normal range of motion for shoulder complex internal rotation?

20 degrees

How much time should an athlete allow, after applying sunscreen, before exercising outdoors?

20 minutes

How many degrees of freedom are allowed by the glenohumeral joint?

3

The pre-event meal should be eaten __ to __ hours before competition to ensure proper digestion.

3-4 hours

When fitting an athlete for crutches, the elbow should be bent to approximately what angle?

30 degrees

When performing two person CPR, what is the correct compression to breath ratio?

30:2

What is the normal dosage for one tablet of aspirin?

325mg

Which of the following wraps should you select to most effectively apply a shoulder spica to a female collegiate volleyball player?

4" by 1 yard elastic bandage

It is critical that CPR be administered as soon as possible during a life threatening situation. In what amount of time is brain damage likely to occur if the brain is deprived of oxygen?

4-6 mins

How long can the brain be deprived of oxygen until brain cells begin to die?

4-6min

How often should an extremity be dipped and dried during paraffin bath immersion treatment?

6 to 12 times

According to NCAA guidelines, how long a period of time should be allowed for acclimatization to prevent heat illness?

7-10 days

How many glasses of water should an athlete consume on a daily basis?

8 or more

You are covering a football game when two players collide. You notice that one player grabs his neck and shakes his arm. When you examine him, he complains of lateral neck discomfort and a feeling of "numbness'' or "burning" down his arm. His arm is hanging limp by his side. In a few minutes, the symptoms subside. What do you suspect?

A "burner" or pinched nerve syndrome

Which of the following minerals decreases the risk of osteoporosis and increases the density of the bone?

Calcium

What information should you include in your emergency action plan to instruct athletic trainers in communicating information to the 911 dispatcher?

Caller's name, number of individuals injured, and first-aid treatment being provided

The design of which type of resistance equipment aims at achieving accommodating resistance?

Cam-based machines such as Nautilus

Which of the following statements is true regarding, hypothermia?

Can be prevented by assuring proper hydration

A recent change in the color and size of a mole could indicate which of the following medical conditions?

Cancer

When incorporating neuromuscular training into a rehabilitation protocol, which of the following exercises would be considered a multiplanar exercise for the lower extremity?

Carioca drill through an agility ladder

A positive Phalen's sign is suspect of what problem?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Which of the following is the best method for testing the upper body muscular strength of an athlete?

A 1-RM bench press

According to NCAA guidelines, which of the following athletes must complete a comprehensive pre-participation medical evaluation?

A baseball player transferring from a similar-division NCAA institution who reports no injuries or health concerns on his medical history form

In which population is the use of maximal isometric contractions for strength gains contraindicated?

A college-age football player with hypertension

A Type V Salter‐Harris fracture involves what kind of fracture through the physeal plate?

A crush injury to the epiphysis

A suspected fracture of which of the following bones requires assistance from emergency medical services to properly splint?

Femur

Which of the following is classified as a saddle joint and is capable of 2° of freedom?

First carpometacarpal joint

In what position would the leg be in if an athlete suffered a hip dislocation?

Flexed and internally rotated

For an athlete to safely resume full sport participation and normal pre-injury activities, in what order should the specific parameters of therapeutic rehabilitation programs be completed?

Flexibility and range of motion; muscular strength and endurance; proprioception, coordination, and agility

An athlete demonstrates limited dorsiflexion at the pre-participation screening. Which of the following factors is most likely restricting this motion?

Flexibility of the Achilles tendon

Which branch of the federal government approves and regulates the use of many therapeutic modalities?

Food and Drug Administration

One of your basketball players comes into the athletic training room insisting that his ankles need to be taped even though he has no known injury. The athlete should be advised of which of the following?

For the ankle taping to be effective, the athlete should rely on ankle-strengthening exercises rather than prophylactic taping if there is no injury present

The Interassociation Task Force recommends that no fewer than persons lift athletes suspected of having a spinal cord injury.

Four plus

A properly fitted mouth guard has not been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of which of the following injuries?

Fractured zygomatic bone

What type of massage is deep pressure against underlying tissues?

Friction

Which two bones make up the roof of the orbit?

Frontal and sphenoid

What is a major side effect of the NSAID group?

Gastrointestinal upset

Chondromalacia patella is most often the result of biochemical changes affecting the LE. Which of the following factors may result in abnormal patellar tracking?

Genu valgum, patella Alta and Q angle greater than 15-12 degrees

Athletic trainers should be professional. Which of the following behaviors best reflect professionalism?

Give people a fair chance; be truthful and forthright; and be active at local, state and national levels.

Which scale is important in assessing the severity of a head injury?

Glasgow Coma Scale

Which of the following conditions often contributes to shoulder impingement?

Glenohumeral instability

A positive "clunk" test is indicative of what pathology?

Glenoid labrum tear

A positive clunk test is indicative of what type of shoulder pathology?

Glenoid labrum tear

A _______ is a device used to measure joint range of motion.

Goniometer

Which test would be most appropriate for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness?

Harvard step test

What quick test can be performed to check if nerve root L5 is intact?

Have the athlete extend his or her great toe

Which of the following records should aid an athletic trainer in identifying disqualifying abnormalities and correctable or treatable physical conditions in an athlete?

Preseason medical evaluation

Which four palpable bony prominences define the carpal tunnel?

Pisiform, tubercle of the navicular, hook of the hamate, and the tubercle of the trapezium

An athlete comes to the athletic trainer holding a tooth that has just been knocked out of his mouth. What would be the proper steps for the athletic trainer to take to allow for a successful reimplantation?

Place the tooth in a cloth soaked with saline or water and get the athlete to a dentist within 30 minutes

For which of the following conditions is an injectable corticosteroid indicated?

Plantar fasciitis

Which position is most advantageous for palpating the dome of the talus?

Plantarflexion and inversion

Your athlete is unable to wear contact lenses. What type of corrective eyewear would you recommend for participation?

Polycarbonate lenses

______ and_______ are two conditions that will interfere with fracture healing.

Poor blood supply, poor immobilization

An athlete with a concussion should be held out of play for which of the following reasons regardless of the severity of the concussion?

Possibility of second impact syndrome

Which pulse is the most appropriate to assess when determining the circulation status of the lower extremity?

Posterior tibial pulse

The ___ pulse and ___ pulse should be palpated after an acute traumatic injury to the knee area to make sure the peripheral circulation to the involved limb is adequate.

Posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Which ions are present in high concentration within a normal resting nerve cell?

Potassium

How may an urinary tract infection (UTI) be avoided in a female athlete?

Practicing sanitary bowel and bladder habits

Deep frostbite is a medical emergency. What would the proper course of treatment be for this problem?

Rapid rewarming of the affected body part with warm water

As the athletic trainer at a small, rural high school,your budget does not provide for heart rate monitors. Which of the following would best assist you in ensuring that an athlete who is completing a cardiovascular training program on a bicycle is staying within the aerobic training zone?

Rating of perceived exertion

Which of the following is true regarding a type III acromioclavicular joint sprain?

Tearing of only the coracoclaviclar ligaments

Prevention of a chronic or debilitating illness or injury through appropriate care and rehabilitation is called what?

Tertiary prevention

Which of the following documents identifies the primary tasks of an entry-level athletic trainer?

The Board of Certification Role Delineation Study

Which of the following statements best describes the knee joint in comparison to the hip joint?

The knee joint is more dependent on ligamentous structures for stability.

_____ states that muscle strength, power, endurance, and hypertrophy increase only when muscles perform workloads greater than those loads previously encountered.

The overload principle

How do lower extremity closed kinetic chain exercises minimize anterior tibial translation forces?

The shear force is counteracted by a co-contraction of the hamstrings.

Which of the following is not a cause of a weight training injury?

The use of a "spotter"

What is a common bony process broken during adult CPR?

The xyphoid process

Which of the following statements is true regarding delivery of a drug via intra- articular injection versus the oral route

There is a lower incidence of systemic side effects

You are treating an athlete who has sustained a humeral exostosis. Which of the following is the best material for constructing a functional protective device?

Thermo-moldable plastic and high-density foam

Why is it necessary for professions to have a code of ethics?

They set boundaries for proper and acceptable behavior.

An incoming freshmen on your basketball team presents for orthopedic screening prior to being seen by the physician during the pre-participation examination. The athlete exhibits elongated metacarpals and metatarsals, kyphoscoliosis, and laxity in multiple joints. What concern should you raise to the physician?

This athlete is exhibiting postural findings consistent with Marfan's syndrome.

An athlete with a pre‐conditioning stroke volume of 70 mL/beat has just completed an 8‐week cardiovascular training program. His stroke volume is now 105 mL/beat. How should you characterize this value?

This value is normal secondary to training effects.

Which cavities comprise the dorsal cavity?

Cranial and spinal cavities

Which cranial nerve is injured if the athlete complains of a decrease in the sense of smell after a high velocity head injury?

Cranial nerve I

Which of the following is true regarding the fitting of an athlete with crutches?

Crutch tips should be 6 in. from the outer margin of the shoe

Which of the following statements best describes correct fitting of crutches?

Crutch tips should be placed 6" from the outer margin of the shoe and 2" in front of the shoe.

An equestrian athlete with cystic fibrosis must be treated with consistent postural drainage. How is postural drainage best accomplished?

Cupping or hacking massage techniques followed by deep breathing and coughing

One of your female athletes presents with dysuria, a sense of urgency to urinate, decreased urine volume, nocturia, low back pain, and pyuria. What do you suspect this athlete has?

Cystitis

All of the following treatments would be inappropriate for an acute quadriceps contusion except: a. Light massage b. Pulsed ultrasound c. Ice massage followed by gentle stretch d. Ice pack with compression wrap with the knee in flexion e. Heat pack and massage

D. Ice pack with compression wrap with the knee in flexion

Which of the following muscles is a strong extensor of the trunk?

Erector spinae

Which hormone or hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

Estrogen and progesterone

An athlete on your swim team has been sick and is seeking a referral to a local herbalist, which is typical of the athlete's cultural upbringing. You respond by indicating that there is no evidence in the literature to support such a referral but that you will gladly provide a referral to the general medical clinic to see one of your physicians later that afternoon. What behavior are you demonstrating?

Ethnocentrism

What are the chemicals used for cryostretch?

Ethyl chloride or fluoromethane

How often must helmets be recertified and reconditioned using a vendor approved by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment if no warranty exists or after the warranty expires?

Every 2 years

How often must helmets be recertified and reconditioned, using those that are vendor‐approved by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, if no warranty exists or after the warranty expires?

Every 2 years

A Q-angle of > 25 degrees may predispose an athlete to what postural deviation?

Excessive genu valgus

All of the following are symptoms of an overtrained athlete except: a. Emotionalliability b. Loss of appetite c. Reduced concentration Incorrect d. Excessive motivation e. Fatigue

Excessive motivation

Changes in blood pressure may occur as a result of many factors. Two of these factors may include ___ and ___

Exercise, change in posture

Which of the following NATA position statements should a high school athletic trainer review before the start of preseason football to minimize the risk of heat-related illnesses?

Exertional Heat Illness

The medial collateral ligament of the knee are taut in which of the following?

Extension and flexion

Which of the following would best describe a decorticate posture?

Extension of the legs with flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers

An athlete has undergone ACL reconstruction and is progressing to concentric quad contraction by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Which of the following parameters should be employed to protect the healing graft?

Extension stop should be set below 3 degrees of knee flexion, speed of 18-30 degrees/sec should be used and tibial pad should be placed in a proximal position.

Which muscle is usually affected with tennis elbow?

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

An athlete has been diagnosed with mallet finger. Which tendon is involved in this condition?

Extensor digitorum longus

An athlete sustains a blow to the head with a temporary loss of consciousness. He appears to have a lucid period in which he seems to be normal for a period of a couple of hours and then becomes significantly lethargic. What type of medical emergency would the athletic trainer suspect?

Extradural hemorrhage

Which nerves innervate the hip adductor musculature?

Femoral, obturator

During a prophylactic ankle taping application using a closed basket‐weave procedure, heel locks are applied to the medial and lateral aspects of the ankle in a continuous manner. What is the primary goal of this component of the closed basket‐weave taping procedure?

Limit subtalar inversion and eversion

Which football player would be most likely to wear a cantilevered shoulder pad?

Linebacker

Your athlete comes to the athletic training room after injuring his neck and left arm. You suspect involvement of the C5,6 nerve root. Which of the following actions would not be involved with an injury to a muscle with this innervation?

Little finger abduction

Why does paraffin bath feel cooler than water at the same temperature?

Low specific heat

Where would the athlete complain of pain with acute appendicitis?

Lower right quadrant of the abdomen

A middle-aged recreational softball player has been diagnosed with a lumbar disc injury. On which types of therapeutic exercises should your initial rehabilitation program focus?

Lumbar extension exercises to reduce protrusion and restore normal posture

Which of the carpal bones is most commonly dislocated?

Lunate

Which does not describe the minimal erythemal dose (MED)?

MED testing is performed using a template of plastic

For which of the following treatment goals is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation an acceptable modality?

Manage athlete's chronic pain

What happens when an athlete consumes a simple sugar prior to an event?

May cause a sudden decrease in blood glucose because of a sudden increase in insulin production

What is inflammation of the common flexor origin of the forearm musculature called?

Medial Epicondylitis

Following a severe head injury, a downed football player is having difficulty breathing and is demonstrating an irregular heartbeat. Which center of the brain is responsible for regulating these vital functions?

Medulla

What piece of equipment is needed to perform the Harvard step test?

Metronome

Which of the following is a condition that is associated with the enlargement of the spleen?

Mononucleosis

An athlete's blood work comes back from the lab indicating "+" Epstein-Barr virus. What care is dictated by this laboratory result?

Mononucleosis should be ruled out using a monospot test, and appropriate precautions should be taken in the interim.

What type of heat is lost or gained through indirect energy transmission?

radiant heat

What is the optimal length of a paraffin treatment?

15-20min

Which category of heat transfer does fluidotherapy occupy?

Convection

Which heat transfer occurs through a circulating medium?

Convection

Which of the following ligaments is referred to as the arch ligament of the shoulder?

Coracoacromial ligament

Which of the following joints is classified as a uniaxial diarthrodial joint?

The interphalangeal joints of the fingers

What does the beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) mean?

Uniformity of ultrasound output

Which of the following best describes a type III acromion shape?

"Beak" shaped

According to the ACSM, when performing flexibility exercises, how long should a stretch be held for optimal results?

0 to 30 seconds; only as long as it feels comfortable

What is a megahertz (MHz)?

1,000,000 cycles per second

One objective in blister care is to reduce friction. Which of the following supplies is least effective in reducing friction?

1.5" white tape

During CPR, the adult sternum must be compressed to what depth for compression to be effective? (range)

1.5-2 in

How long should an EpiPen be held in place after being injected into the thigh?

10 sec

Which of the following athletes is most at risk for developing Sever's disease?

11-year-old competitive male soccer player

An athlete's diet should consist of approximately ___ protein, __ fat, and __ carbohydrate.

12% to 15%, 40% to 50%, 55% to 70%

What is the average respiratory rate for an adult (18 years of age or older)?

12-15 breaths per min

What is the usual temperature range for fluidotherapy applications?

120°F to 136°F

Which of the following individuals is most susceptible to heat stroke and, therefore, must be carefully educated regarding the importance of adequate fluid intake during activity in hot, humid weather?

A defensive lineman in football

It is well-known that many athletes will utilize nutritional supplements in an effort to enhance performance. An athlete asks you to explain the action of an antioxidant. Which of the following best describes the role of an antioxidant?

A nutrient that protects the cell from the detrimental effects of substances that may cause health problems, such as premature aging

What identifies a time when higher than normal stimulus can further depolarize a nerve?

A relative refractory period

There are two types of heel cups that are designed to help prevent heel bruises. Of these two heel cups, which has an elevated heel that can compress downward so that the heel never actually makes contact with the interior of the shoe?

A rubberized padded cup

Which of the following tools has the interassociation task force recommended not be used as the primary tool for loop-strap removal on a football helmet after an injury?

A screwdriver

Which of the following athletes would most benefit from using custom foot orthotics during sport participation?

A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome

Athletes should be cautioned about toxicity when mega‐dosing on which of the following vitamins?

A, D, and K

Which afferent peripheral nerves have the fastest conduction velocity?

A-Alpha

The internal foam padding of the shoulder pads should create a channel over what structure in order to protect it?

AC joint

Protective eyewear worn in college women's lacrosse must meet the standards of what organization?

ASTM

You are traveling with your high school ice hockey team to an away game approximately 2 hours from your home town. One of the players sustains a facial laceration in the first period. You apply adhesive skin closures to the wound and allow him to return to play but believe he will require sutures following the game. Because his parents are not at the game, you must decide whether to have the athlete treated at the nearby emergency department or treated by his physician when he returns home. Which of the following factors will have the biggest impact on your decision?

Ability to have the athlete treated within 12 hours

A soccer team will be playing on artificial turf during an upcoming match. What injuries should you be most prepared to treat during the match?

Abrasions and turf toe

Which of the following over-the-counter medications should be recommended for pain management of an acute musculoskeletal injury in the first 48 hours following an acute injury?

Acetaminophen

When caring for an adolescent running a fever and who has a suspected viral infection, which antipyretic medication should be avoided based on epidemiological studies?

Acetylsalicylic acid

Which of the following joints and its associated ligaments are involved in a shoulder separation?

Acromioclavicular joint, acromioclavicular ligament, conoid and trapezoid ligaments

A tennis player moves up to the net to volley a hard return but misses and sustains an orbital blowout fracture. How should you best coordinate care for this athlete?

Activate emergency medical services, and transport the athlete to the local emergency facility.

An athlete with degenerative disk disease has been completing a core stabilization rehabilitation program for the past 6 months and is becoming discouraged by the lack of improvement of symptoms. What tool might help provide you with an objective means to show the athlete that progress is being made?

Activity pattern indicators pain profile

Which of the following is considered a medical emergency?

Acute Compartment Syndrome

Which of the following conditions associated with training at high altitudes is self-limiting and will resolve with supplemental oxygen use as needed and acclimatization?

Acute mountain sickness

What structure makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Adductor longus muscle

What medium does not transmit ultrasound waves?

Air

When using a wet bulb globe temperature device, what factors are assessed to determine relative heat stress?

Air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat in the local environment

During a depth jump drill, the athletic trainer encourages the athlete to minimize the time his feet are in contract with the floor. The athletic trainer is encouraging minimization of which plyometric exercise phase?

Amortization

While using plyometric exercises to train an athlete, which of the following phases of the exercise should be minimized?

Amortization phase

While using plyometric exercises to train an athlete, which of the following phases of the exercise should be minimized? a. Concentric phase b. Amortization phase c. Eccentric phase d. Loading phase e. Acceleration phase

Amortization phase

What is the sensation that an athlete might experience just prior to an epileptic seizure called?

An Aura

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Sport Participation, which of the following athletes should be recommended for clearance to participate?

An athlete with atlantoaxial instability wishing to participate in cross country

Which of the following rules governing play is correct?

An athletic trainer called onto the mat to treat a bleeding wrestler has an unlimited amount of time for evaluation and treatment.

You evaluate a basketball player who has sustained a finger injury while attempting to catch a ball. During your examination) you observe that the athlete is unable to extend the distal phalanx and the tip of his finger is positioned in approximately 30 degrees of flexion. You determine the athlete has a mallet finger. This injury is caused by which of the following?

An avulsion of the extensor tendon from its insertion

What should be signed by an athlete who has been advised not to participate in sports due to a preexisting medical condition, but has made the personal decision to participate despite the advisement of medical personal?

An exculpatory waiver form

What does a sunscreen sun protection factor (SPF) of 5 represent?

An individual can be exposed to ultraviolet light five times longer than he or she could without having the sunscreen on before his or her skin turns red

Which of the following is an example of NCAA legislation involving health and safety issues as outlined in the NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook?

An institution may cover expenses of counseling related to the treatment of eating disorders.

Which of the following classifications of medications is most appropriate for the relief of headache?

Analgesic

What treatment is recommended for a 15-year-old female soccer player who has been diagnosed with mittelschmerz?

Analgesic medications and moist hot packs

A field hockey athlete was stung by a yellow jacket. He or she reports to you about fi that the throat feels like it is swelling up, tells you that he or she is allergic to bees. of shock is this athlete experiencing?

Anaphylactic

What is the term for pupils that are unequal in size?

Anisocoria

While inspecting an athlete's pupils, you note that one pupil is larger than the other. Prior to concluding that this is a symptom of this athlete's acute injury, you need to rule out which previously existing or congenital condition?

Anisocoria

Which of the following joints is a "mortise" joint?

Ankle

An athletic trainer is using a contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique to improve flexibility of an athlete's hamstrings. The hip is passively moved into flexion, and then the athlete is asked to contract the hamstrings against resistance provided by the athletic trainer. In this example, what role are the hamstrings playing?

Antagonist

Which two structures are injured with a Bankart lesion?

Anterior capsule of the shoulder and the glenoid labrum

A tennis player reports experiencing shoulder pain during the mid-portion of her forehand stroke. Which of the following muscles are responsible for this joint motion and should therefore be screened for potential injury?

Anterior deltoid and pectoralis major

A grade I ankle inversion sprain involves which structure?

Anterior talofibular ligament

An athlete reports to the athletic training room with itchy, watery eyes; a runny nose, and postnasal drip. Which of the following classifications of medications is most appropriate for the relief of these symptoms?

Antihistamine

To prevent the feeling of sedation during the day while taking medications for allergic rhinitis, the athletic trainer should suggest the athlete not take which of the following medications until he or she is ready to go to bed?

Antihistamines

How is the word trauma defined?

Any injury or wound

In the last 2 minutes of a soccer game, a forward charging toward the goal collides with the sweeper from the opposing team and sustains a compound mid-shaft tibiofibular fracture. What is the most appropriate immediate care for this injury?

Apply a dressing to the wound, in the position it was found, continually check neurovascular status, and activate emergency medical services.

A swimmer with excessive kyphosis secondary to weak scapular musculature presents with bilateral impingement syndrome. She has been progressing through a comprehensive rehabilitation program focused on scapular stabilizers for 9minutes each day. How can you encourage correct posture throughout the day as she performs her activities of daily living?

Apply a tape pattern to the upper back to provide constant proprioceptive feedback.

The women's soccer team is unable to use the practice field and has been relocated to a new practice site. A fire hydrant is found to be located 1' from the sideline of the temporary practice field. What would be the best action to address this safety hazard?

Apply mats/padding to the hydrant, and place warning cones around the area.

When treating an athlete suffering from chilblains, which of the following treatments should be avoided?

Applying friction massage to re-warm the tissue

When palpating the clavicle for a suspected fracture, at which location should you focus your attention because most fractures occur at this area of the bone?

Approximately 2/3 the distance from the medial attachment

An athletic trainer is treating an athlete with electrical stimulation by applying the following treatment protocol: bipolar electrode placement, frequency set at 8to 15pps, and intensity set at sensory-level stimulation. By which theory of pain management is the athletic trainer attempting to control this athlete's pain?

Ascending A-Beta input

You observe a 10-year-old pitcher drop to the mound after sustaining a line drive to the posterior lateral aspect of his head. When you reach the mound, the player is seated, alert, crying, and rubbing his head. From your off-field evaluation of this athlete, you determine that he must be transported to a health-care facility to be evaluated by a physician. What is the most appropriate method for transporting this athlete?

Ask the athlete's parent to take him to the health-care

Which of the following drugs must the athletic trainer determine the athlete is not allergic to prior to administering a NSAID?

Asprin

During CPR, the adult sternum must be compressed to what depth for compression to be effective?

At least 2in

An athlete who had been diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis has just been cleared by the team doctor to return to full activity. How long should the athlete remain out of contact participation from the time of onset to the time of full recovery?

At least three weeks

At what point should the athletic trainer's initial evaluation of an injury begin?

At the moment the injury is witnessed

Which of the following conditions is the most common leading to the onset of cardiac problems in middle-aged and older athletes?

Atherosclerosis

One of your soccer players who wears a custom derotation brace while playing is complaining of gastrocnemius cramping. You choose to remove the most superior calf strap in an attempt to relieve her cramping.In a subsequent practice, she sustains a noncontact ligamentous knee injury because the brace failed to provide appropriate stability. Who might be deemed negligent in this situation?

Athletic trainer

A softball player with epilepsy reports experiencing heightened senses of smell and hearing during a game. Which stage of an epileptic seizure is this athlete currently experiencing?

Aura

Which artery is closely involved with the brachial plexus and becomes the brachial artery at the lower border of the tendon of the teres major muscle?

Axillary

When trying to decrease the chance of injury during activity, one should stretch thoroughly. Which one of these stretches represents bouncing type movement to achieve a stretch?

Ballistic

Identify the intrinsic factor that most likely influences the onset of athletic injuries.

Being a female high-school athlete

What is the function of the bladder?

Being a reservoir for urine and helping to expel urine

Which of the following does not occur when an individual is in shock?

Blood pressure (BP) is high

What are the two most common sites to apply direct pressure to control severe bleeding of the upper and lower extremities?

Brachial artery and femoral artery

Which of the following statements about bradycardia is the most correct?

Bradycardia is characterized by a resting heart rate slower than 60 beats per minute.

Where is dopamine located?

Brainstem

When assessing resistive range of motion for a body part, what is the name of the test that is performed at the end of the range of motion, in which you apply overload pressure to the body part in a static position?

Break Test

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypoglycemia?

Breath that smells like fingernail polish

An athlete consuming a diet low in carbohydrates but with enough protein and fat to meet theoretical energy needs may produce which of the following effects?

Buildup of ketones in the body

Why should a patient be instructed to avoid touching the insides or bottom of a paraffin bath?

Burns can occur

What substance category causes irritation of superficial sensory nerves in order to reduce pain transmission from underlying nerves?

Counterirritant

Tingling and/or numbness over the deltoid region of the shoulder would indicate damage to what spinal nerve root?

C5

The brachial plexus consists of nerves that are derived from which of the following nerve roots?

C5-T1

What is the nerve root that affects elbow extension?

C7

While evaluating a football player for a brachial plexus injury on the sideline, the athletic trainer determines that the athlete is unable to extend his elbow against resistance. A deficit in which nerve root is most associated with this impairment?

C7

During an upper quarter screen, checking the strength of thumb extension correlates to what nerve root?

C8

Which of the following calcaneal alignments is most commonly observed in patients with pes planus?

Calcaneal valgus

Which of the following statements best characterizes prevention of catastrophic cervical spine injuries?

Catastrophic cervical spine injury resulting from axial loading is neither caused nor prevented by players' standard equipment.

If necessary, the removal of the helmet and shoulder pads from an athlete with a suspected spinal cord injury should be coordinated to avoid which of the following?

Cervical hyperextension

What is the most common and devastating mechanism of injury seen in neck injuries sustained during football?

Cervical hyperflexion and axial compression

At which level of the spine is rotation in the transverse plane the greatest?

Cervical vertebrae

A swimmer notes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Which statement best characterizes this condition?

Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

When evaluating an unconscious athlete, what should the athletic trainer do first?

Check that the athlete's airway is open and he or she is breathing normally

A player presents to you with a suspected shoulder dislocation. What should you do?

Check the neurovascular status of the upper extremity, including dermatomes and myotomes

The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates on the _______ and inserts into the _______ .

Clavicle, mastoid process

An athletic trainer has been exposed to a potentially infectious material. What is the first step the athletic trainer should take to minimize side effects?

Cleanse the exposed body area with soap and water.

As an athletic trainer working in an outpatient sports medicine clinic, you must ensure that modality treatments are documented appropriately in order to seek third-party reimbursement. Which of the following must be included when documenting modality treatments when seeking reimbursement?

Clinical rationale for using the modality for the particular patient problem for every visit in which the modality is used

How is pediculosis spread between individuals?

Close sexual contact

Which type of immobilization device is used in the immediate treatment of hematoma auris?

Collodion cast

Which of the following organizations accredits entrylevel athletic training education programs?

Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education

Which NCAA committee is responsible for establishing policies and recommendation on safe sport participation?

Committee on Competitive Safeguards of Sports

All of the following are signs of an injury except: a. Change in skin color or texture b. Change in body temperature c. Change in blood pressure d. Complaint of headaches e. Change in respiratory rate

Complaint of headaches

A women's basketball player is elbowed in the jaw during a practice session. Observation reveals a portion of the tooth is broken, there is bleeding, and the pulp chamber is exposed producing a great deal of pain. With which type of tooth fracture are the signs most closely associated?

Complicated crown fracture

Which heat transfer occurs when two objects touch each other?

Conduction

During your evaluation before initiating a rehabilitation program for a baseball player's shoulder, you determine an internal rotation deficit of the throwing shoulder. What anatomic factor is most likely limiting this athlete's flexibility?

Connective tissue

One of your athletes has just purchased a bicycle helmet and found a crack in the shell. To which organization should the manufacturer of the helmet report this defect?

Consumer Product Safety Commission

An axial compression fracture in football players most commonly results from which of the following mechanisms of injury?

Contact with the top of the helmet while the cervical spine in a partially flexed position

Sports can be classified based on their comparative risk of injury. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, in which of the following categories would soccer be classified?

Contact/collision

Prickly heat is usually due to what mechanism and/or environmental condition?

Continuously wet skin and unevaporated sweat

A tennis player is in the late stages of rehabilitation for impingement syndrome and has returned to practice drills. The player reports feeling weakness at ball contact during the serve. Which of the following rehabilitation exercises would be most appropriate to address this weakness?

D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern

An athlete is completing a leg extension exercise as part of a rehabilitation program for his knee injury. In the first set, he performs 1repetitions at 50% of working weight. In the second set, he performs six repetitions at 75% of working weight. In the third set, he performs four repetitions at 100% of working weight. Based on his performance in the third set, he performs as many repetitions as possible in the fourth set at a weight that is 5 lb more than the working weight. Which of the following commonly used progressive overload systems is the athlete employing?

DAPRE technique

An athlete whose daily energy expenditure is 2350 kcal is consuming approximately 2100 kcal daily. If this intake and expenditure continue for 8 weeks, what change in body weight will occur?

Decrease by 4 lb

You are performing an isokinetic test for knee extension at 60° per second. You note flattening of the middle of the curve. What should you conclude?

Decreased torque production in the middle of the range secondary to pain

Which muscle does the axillary nerve innervate?

Deltoid

______ pupils indicate possible shock, hemorrhage, or cardiac arrest.

Dilated

Where would you place direct pressure on a wound that is bleeding?

Directly over the wound

As an experienced athletic trainer, you would like to model good professional behavior. Which of the following actions would you avoid in this effort?

Discuss specifics of an athlete's treatment plan at an after-hours staff social function.

Which of the following actions falls outside the standard of care of the certified athletic trainer?

Dispensing medications

What term identifies the spreading of a beam or wave?

Divergence

If an athlete is unconscious from a blow to the head, he or she should be assumed to have a neck injury in addition to a possible head injury. If the airway appears to be impaired, all of the following would be appropriate steps in management except :

Do a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any debris and clear the airway

Which pulse should always be assessed with any injury to the lower extremity?

Dorsal Pedal

An athlete has sustained an ankle dislocation. Which pulse should be palpated to determine involvement of vascular structures?

Dorsal pedal pulse

______ and _______ are two signs of diabetic coma.

Drowsiness, acetone‐smelling breath

During digestion, food passes through the small intestine as it is being broken down into smaller components. Which area of the small intestine does it pass through first?

Duodenum

What medical specialist would you refer an athlete to if he or she has a deviated septum?

ENT

As an athletic trainer, you are responsible for accumulating and maintaining an accurate record of all completed continuing education activities. Which of the following statements might lead you to overestimate the number of accumulated continuing education units (CEUs)?

Each time you become recertified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, continuing CEUs are awarded.

When designing a hydrotherapy area, which design elements are recommended to reduce the risk of patient injury?

Electrical outlets must be at least 3' off the floor and equipped with GFis, and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain.

Which of the following findings is the greatest health risk associated with bulimia?

Electrolyte imbalance

An athlete sustains a neck injury during an ice hockey game and is complaining of numbness and tingling along the ulnar border of his forearm and fourth and fifth fingers. Which of the following roentgenograms would be most appropriate in detecting nerve root compression?

Electromyography or nerve root conduction velocity test

What is the term for 20/20 vision?

Emmetropia

After an acute musculoskeletal injury, such as a shoulder dislocation, the body releases a natural opiate‐like substance that provides temporary pain relief. What is this substance called?

Endorphins

For which of the following actions would a certified athletic trainer found to be noncompliant with the Board of Certification (BOC) Standards of Practice?

Endorsing a student's application to sit for the BOC certification examination in an examination window before the student's last semester of coursework

A soccer player has fractured his right lower leg, been placed in a cast, and given crutches. The addition of crutches does what to his center of gravity?

Enlarges the base of support

What should be your first step when implementing conditioning programs for individuals 45 years and older?

Ensure a pre-participation medical screen has been completed.

One of your athletes has just been stung by a bee. He appears to be showing signs of anaphylaxis. Which of the following medications would be appropriate to administer to stop the reaction?

Epinephrine

A male athlete sustains a direct blow to the genital area. How can the athletic trainer immediately decrease the pain?

Have the athlete lie supine with his knees bent to his chest to decrease the strain on the scrotum and apply ice to the affected area

A baseball player complains of recurrent ingrown toenails. What might the athletic trainer suggest to prevent this problem?

Have the athlete trim his toenails weekly and cut them straight across

What is a quick method of testing the motor ability of the Sl nerve root?

Have the athlete walk on his or her toes

Which of the following is a condition of rapidly rising internal body temperature that occurs when the body's mechanisms for the release of heat are overwhelmed?

Heat Stroke

Which type of heat injury is considered a medical emergency?

Heat Stroke

Profuse sweating, dizziness, and nausea are signs and symptoms of which of the following?

Heat exhaustion

Shock after a severe injury can result from ______ or ________

Hemorrhage, stagnation of blood

Which of the following pathologies is most commonly contracted by HCP?

Hepatitis B

Trendelenburg's test is a method used to evaluate the competence of what structures?

Hip Abductors

What type of gait deviation might the athletic trainer see with an athlete who has sustained an ankle injury and has decreased range of motion in dorsiflexion?

Hip Hiking

An athlete reports anterior knee pain. On inspection you note the athlete has squinting patellae. Which of the following is most likely the potential cause of this patellar malalignment?

Hip anteversion

The rectus femoris muscle performs what two actions?

Hip flexion and knee extension

You observe a lacrosse player cutting down his mouthpiece so that it covers only his front six teeth. What should you communicate to this athlete regarding the primary risk associated with his actions?

His actions have invalidated the manufacturer's warranty.

You observe a lacrosse player cutting down his mouthpiece so that it only covers his front six teeth. What should you communicate to this athlete regarding the consequence associated with his actions?

His actions have invalidated the manufacturer's warranty.

After an acute injury, chemical mediators are given off by various cells. Which of the following chemicals is the first to appear?

Histamine

Which of the following is a sign of heat stroke?

Ho and relatively dry skin

What is the first thing you should do if you suspect a spinal injury?

Hold in-line stabilization

An athlete has a wrist injury that is limiting his ability to supinate his forearm. In what plane of motion does supination and pronation of the forearm take place (in the anatomical position)?

Horizontal

Which of the following should he included in a preparticipation physical examination? I. Height and weight II. Orthopedic screening Ill. Vital signs IV. Ear/nose/throat exam V. Blood work

I, II Ill, IV

During which of the circumstances below should an athlete be immediately referred to a dentist? I. The tooth is knocked out II. When a tooth is displaced 2 mm or more III. When a crown is fractured and the tooth is still alive IV. When a filling is knocked out or fractured and the athlete is sensitive to hot or cold food V. When an artificial plate is broken during competition

I, II, III

Which of the following symptoms represents a second‐degree concussion? I. Blurring of vision or loss of consciousness lasting from 20 seconds to 5 minutes II. Headache and amnesia are often present III. Athlete is often confused and disoriented IV. There are no positive signs on neurologic testing and examination V. There is no complaint of a headache VI. Altered level of consciousness lasts less than 10 to 20 seconds

I, II, III

Which of the joints below comprise the shoulder girdle? I. Sternoclavicular II. Acromioclavicular III. Glenohumeral IV. Scapulothoracic V. Costoclavicular VI. Scapulohumeral

I, II, III, IV

After returning from a road trip, a member of your swim team is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate management approach for this condition?

Individuals who have been in close contact with the sick athlete should be placed on prophylactic antibiotics.

Which of the measures below are appropriate steps in the management of an athlete who is experiencing a seizure? I. Keep spectators out of the way II. Protect the patient's head and body from injury III. Turn the patient on his or her side IV. If the athlete is in status epilepticus or it is a first seizure, immediately seek further medical support V. Try to keep the athlete's mouth open by any means to prevent airway obstruction VI. Call the athlete's next of kin to inform him or her of the problem and of the care given

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following signs and symptoms are characteristic of a tension pneumothorax? I. Tracheal deviation II. Distended neck veins III. Unilateral absence of breath sounds IV. Dizziness V. Cyanosis

I, II, III, V

When advising an athlete about the proper construction of a running shoe, which of the following criteria will help prevent foot and ankle injuries? I. The midsole should be somewhat soft, but should not easily flatten out with pressure II. The shoe should have good forefoot flexibility III. The heel counter should be shallow and firm IV. The heel counter should be strong and fit well around the foot V. The upper should be constructed of quality leather or rubber

I, II, IV

You are aware of the general use of smokeless tobacco among your high school baseball players. You decide to develop a seminar for the coaches and players to discourage its use. Which of the following are effects of the chronic use of chewing tobacco? I. Leukoplakia II. Mouth and throat cancer III. Increased aggression IV. Bad breath V. Mood swings VI. Gynecomastia

I, II, IV

Which of the steps below are correct when fitting a football helmet? I. Place the helmet over the head, tilt it backward, and rotate it forward into position II. Try to turn the helmet side-to-side with the head in a stationary position III. Check to make sure the helmet sits three fingerbreadths above the eyebrows IV. Press straight down on the crown of the helmet to see if the pressure is at the crown of the head V. Check to see if the jaw pads fit snugly against the jaw VI. Check the chin strap adjustment for a tight fit

I, II, IV, V, VI

According to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, when is an unwelcome sexual advance considered sexual harassment?

If submission to the advance is implicitly or explicitly a term or condition of employment

An athlete is brought into the athletic training room with a 2.5-inch nail embedded in his foot. All of the following actions are appropriate in the treatment of this injury except :

Immediately remove the nail from the foot

When a minor is injured and it is a life-threatening situation, the athletic trainer must try to contact the parents of the child. If the parents of the child cannot be contacted and they did not give consent in writing before the child began participation, the athletic trainer still has the right to give the child emergency care. Which type of consent is this?

Implied Consent

During CPR, it is most convenient and efficient to monitor the athlete's circulation by palpating the carotid artery. Where is the pulse located?

In the groove between the larynx and the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Where would a Baker's cyst be located?

In the popliteal fossa

While reviewing an athlete's injury report, you note his diagnosis is an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. How should the mechanism for this injury be documented in the injury report?

In the subjective section, document that the athlete reports a mechanism of shoulder abduction and external rotation.

What is a positive sign when performing the Gerber lift-off test?

Inability to lift the hand off the lumbar spine

During prolonged, intense training and conditioning of an athlete, what cardiac change may occur over a period of time?

Increase in heart size

Professional ethos evolves over time as a result of internal and external influences affecting a profession's maturation. Which of the following is considered an internal influence that shaped the profession of athletic training?

Increase in the number of female certified athletic trainers

Which of the following responses are associated with the reflexive effects of therapeutic massage?

Increased capillary permeability, pain control, and no significant alterations in general metabolism

What is the effect on capillary permeability with heat application?

Increased permeability

Professional ethos evolves over time as a result of internal and external influences affecting a profession's maturation. Which of the following is considered an external influence that shaped the profession of athletic training?

Increased reliance on technology

An athlete is completing a contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique. The athlete is instructed to push maximally against the therapist's resistance for at least 1seconds and then relax while the therapist passively stretches further into the range. What neurophysiological basis of stretching is employed during the "push" phase of this technique?

Increased tension in the muscle stimulates the Golgi tendon organ, resulting in relaxation via autogenic inhibition.

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, who should make the final decision regarding a disabled athlete's participation in a sport?

Individual Athlete

One of your rowers has missed several weeks of classes while being treated for mononucleosis. The mother contacts you and asks you to facilitate obtaining current grades and assignments in each of the athlete's classes. How should you best respond to this request?

Inform her that the Buckley Amendment prohibits you from obtaining and sharing student grades.

What is the primary mode of action of penicillin?

Inhibits the metabolism of the bacteria

An athletic trainer is treating an athlete with shortwave diathermy using a drum electrode. The drum electrode has been placed 6 inches from the athlete's low back. Based on the inverse square law, how would the intensity alter if the drum is moved to a position 3 inches from the treatment area?

Intensity at the new position will be 1/9 of full intensity.

An athlete presents to the athletic training room with a chief complaint of unilateral ankle swelling. When you palpate the ankle, you note your fingerprints are embedding in the tissue. What is the best treatment plan for managing this condition?

Intermittent compression combined with elevation

What is the space and fluid found between the tissues?

Interstitial

An athlete has been diagnosed as having myositis ossificans. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the development of this condition?

Intramuscular bleeding following a severe contusion

Which physical law is applied with the use of an infrared lamp?

Inverse square law

While discussing general nutrition principles with a female swimmer who is a strict vegetarian, the athletic trainer should be aware that her diet might lack what mineral?

Iron

Which of the following is true regarding rotator cuff tendinitis?

It does not heal well because of the relatively poor vascularization of the tendons

What causes the ultrasound transducer crystal to vibrate and create sound waves?

It expands and contracts due to the alternating polarity of the electrical current.

Why is it important that an athlete with an abdominal injury never be given anything to eat or drink?

It increases the risks of surgery if an operative procedure becomes necessary

After an athlete has suffered a ruptured spleen, he or she may experience pain that radiates down the left shoulder and approximately one-third of the way down the upper left arm. What is this pain called?

Kehr' s sign

What problem might the athletic trainer see if the L4 nerve root was compressed?

Knee extension weakness

A baseball player comes to see the athletic trainer and is complaining of diffuse pain, clicking, and a sensation of "slipping" of his right shoulder when throwing. What pathology might the athletic trainer suspect with this type of presentation?

Labral pathology

Which of the following movements is greatest in the thoracic region?

Lateral flexion of the spine

The classic mechanism of injury for a medial collateral ligament sprain of the knee is valgus stress with external tibial rotation. When this force occurs, what other soft-tissue damage may occur simultaneously?

Lateral meniscus sustains compressive forces

You are the head athletic trainer at a small university. Your spouse is a sales representative for a national apparel chain. In your position, you encourage the athletics department and coaches to select your spouse's company as its sole uniform and accessories provider. How would this behavior be categorized?

Legal but unethical

An athlete is poked in the eye with a finger and comes to the athletic trainer for evaluation. He is having significant difficulty opening his eye. Which of the following muscles might have sustained an injury?

Levator palpebrae superioris

High‐voltage pulsed monophasic generators (HVPG) deliver current to deep tissues without damaging superficial tissues and are used for pain modulation. What type of waveform is used with this type of stimulator?

Monophasic spike delivered in pairs

At what temperature does protein, cell, and tissue damage occur?

More than 113°F (45°C)

An athlete reports to the athletic training room complaining of burning, numbness, and shooting pain between the third and fourth metatarsal heads. He reports that the pain increases when he wears cleats and lessens when he is sitting or wearing sandals. Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with these symptoms?

Morton's neuroma

You find out that a certified athletic trainer at another school in your town has been consuming alcohol during working hours. Which of the following codes is this individual violating?

NATA Code of Ethics

Which of the following organizations certifies football helmets to make sure they are able to withstand repeated blows of high mass and low velocity?

NOCSAE

A basketball player is undercut while dunking and uses his outstretched hand to break his fall. He reports immediate pain in his wrist and fracture is suspected. Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

Navicular

During a preparticipation physical, an athlete is diagnosed with myopia. What is this athlete's problem?

Nearsightedness

With the athlete sitting, the scapula stabilized, and the shoulder maximally flexed, the athlete complains of pain and appears apprehensive. This is a positive ___ test.

Neer's

Which is not an indication for using vapocoolant spray ("spray and stretch")?

Neural inflammation

What are the gaps where the cell membrane is exposed in a myelinated nerve cell?

Nodes of Ranvier

Which of the following is a sign of inadequate breathing?

Noisy respiration, such as wheezing or gurgling

Which of the following acute conditions would be most appropriately referred to a primary care sports medicine physician for evaluation and treatment?

Nondisplaced nasal fracture

Which of the following normal lower extremity alignment patterns is present in females as compared with males?

Normal females present with genu recurvatum and neutral tibial torsion.

Under what condition can CPR be stopped?

Not until the athletic trainer is exhausted, spontaneous respirations and pulse have returned, or a physician or another party continues CPR in place of the athletic trainer

An athlete is brought to the athletic training room after being struck in the back of the head with a bat by accident. He is complaining of blurred vision. Which lobe of the brain has been affected?

Occipital

Which individual is ultimately responsible for determining the athlete's medical ability to return to competition?

Physician

During the foreign body airway obstruction maneuver, the athletic trainer should grasp one fist with the other hand and place the thumb side of the fist where?

On the abdomen between the xyphoid process and the umbilicus

A volleyball player sustains an acute eversion ankle sprain. What taping technique should be applied to best control swelling and provide limited

Open basket weave

While evaluating an athlete's facial injury, you observe that the athlete is unable to look upward toward the ceiling. Which of the following conditions would you suspect?

Orbital blow-out fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle

The inability of a patient to look upward after being hit in the eye with a racquetball is an indication of what type of injury?

Orbital blowout fracture

A 12-year-old basketball camper reports anterior knee pain focused at the inferior insertion of the patellar tendon. What apophyseal injury should you suspect?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Which assessment technique would best assist the clinician in determining when an athlete should be moved from cryotherapy to thermotherapy modalities?

Palpation and point tenderness

What does the abbreviation PMH stand for?

Past Medical Hx

You are treating a swimmer for impingement syndrome. When initiating the rehabilitation program, the flexibility of which muscle groups should be assessed and emphasized because they are prone to develop tightness?

Pectoralis minor and scalenes

_____ refers to the concept of dividing the annual training plan into smaller segments, phases, or cycles.

Periodization

Foot drop may be indicative of what pathology?

Peroneal nerve injury

Which of the following muscles does not dorsiflex the ankle?

Peroneus brevis

Which structures are located in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Peroneus longus and brevis muscles, the superficial branch of the peroneal nerve, and the peroneal artery

A women's basketball player has a history of lateral ankle sprains resulting in ligamentous laxity. On which muscles should a program to reestablish proprioception and neuromuscular control focus?

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

Which muscle does not assist in plantar flexion of the ankle?

Peroneus tertius

When evaluating an athlete 30 days after sustaining a mild head injury, which of the following symptoms would lead you to suspect the athlete is experiencing post-concussion syndrome?

Persistent headache, lack of concentration, and fatigue

Which is not a treatment parameter variable for fluidotherapy application?

Phase time

Nitrogen dioxide, stagnant air, and sunlight are responsible for producing which of the following?

Photochemical haze

One of your athletes has been diagnosed with impetigo. What should the athletic trainer recommend to the athlete to prevent spread of the infection to other individuals?

Prevent others from borrowing his clothing or using his towels

Your basketball team has reached the Sweet 16 round of the NCAA basketball tournament. In yesterday's practice session, your starting All-American point guard sprained an ankle and will not be ready for the game this coming weekend. You share this information at lunch with several close friends. After you share this information, your friends convince you to place a bet against your team because you are sure to make a profit. Which NATA Code of Ethics principle have you violated?

Principle 4: Members shall not engage in conduct that could be construed as a conflict of interest or that reflects negatively on the profession.

An athletic trainer routinely exhibits compassion and empathy when caring for athletes. Under which of the following foundational behaviors of professional practice does this behavior fall?

Professionalism

The final motion of a top-spin forehand stroke in tennis involves which forearm motion?

Pronation

A 40-year-old male tennis pro grabs his calf and falls to the court. He states it felt like someone kicked him in the calf and he is unable to plantar-flex his ankle. You observe a soft mass in the superior posterior lower leg. What is the best treatment plan for this condition?

Provide RICE, fit for crutches, and refer the athlete to the orthopedist for probable surgical repair.

You are the athletic trainer at a high school that sponsors 22 sports. There are approximately 500 athletes. Which type of pre-participation exam would be the most effective and efficient?

Provide a station-based exam with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals prior to the start of each sport season "i.e., fall, winter, spring".

You are the athletic trainer at a high school that sponsors 22 sports. There are approximately 500 athletes total. Which type of pre‐participation exam would be the most effective and efficient?

Provide a station-based exam with the assistance of multiple medical and healthcare professionals prior to the start of each sport season (i.e. fall, winter, spring).

While grooming her horse after practice, an equestrian athlete is kicked by her horse in the anterior lower leg. She presents to the athletic training room later that evening with significant swelling, pain, and tenderness of the anterior lower leg. You assess the injury and note decreased sensation between her first and second toes and a decreased ability to dorsiflex. What is the best way to manage this athlete?

Provide ice and elevation for 20 minutes, and then reassess.

Which of the following continuing education credit activities would most likely be denied if submitted by a certified athletic trainer for credit?

Providing an interview on athletic training for the local newspaper

What type of shock is commonly referred to as fainting?

Psychogenic shock

Which of the following is an example of a NATA membership sanction that might be levied for unethical conduct?

Public censure

When developing an administrative manual, which if the following key areas would include information explaining the need for policy?

Purpose

A physician's rehabilitation protocol recommends that at this stage of the athlete's rehabilitation program, you begin upper-extremity closed kinetic chain exercises. Which of the following exercises is considered a closed kinetic chain exercise?

Push-up on a Swiss ball

An acronym used for the immediate care of an acute musculoskeletal injury is which of the following?

RICE

A wrestler comes into the athletic training room after sustaining a major elbow injury. There is intense pain, and the area is grossly swollen. The athlete is unable to straighten his elbow, and the forearm appears shortened. The athletic trainer suspects an acute dislocation. Which two areas would the athletic trainer check for possible vascular impairment?

Radial pulse and color of the nailbeds after compression

During an elbow evaluation, the athlete points to the lateral aspect of his elbow and reports feeling pain about this area. Which of the following conditions should be considered in your differential diagnosis?

Radiocapitellar chondromalacia, avulsion of the common extensor tendon, and annular ligament sprain

While traveling with your softball team, one of your pitchers exhibits symptoms consistent with a migraine headache. She has prescription medication, but she left it in her dorm room. What suggestions can you give this athlete for managing this condition?

Recommend that the athlete take an over-the-counter migraine analgesic medication, rest in a quiet room with the lights off, and consume caffeinated beverages.

What is the effect on muscle spasm with heat application?

Reduced spasm

An athlete reports to the athletic training room for evaluation of a blister that is open, red, and markedly swollen, and the skin around the blister is tight and shiny. No outward leakage of pus is noted. The athlete complains of overall feeling of malaise and a low-grade fever for the past 12 hours. How would this condition best be treated?

Refer the athlete immediately to a physician.

Adam is a running back on your football team who comes to you with a bee sting. Adam has no history of previous allergic reactions to bee stings. What should be your course of action?

Remove the stinger; clean the wound; place ice on the site; administer over-the-counter antihistamine medication prn.

Following an acute quadriceps contusion, an athlete demonstrates the following: swelling has plateaued completely; the area is still tender to the touch; and active and passive motions are less painful. Which phase of the healing process is most associated with this presentation?

Repair

Concentration is assessed, during the standardized assessment of concussion (SAC) tool, by doing which of the following?

Repeating five words provided by the examiner in three successive trials

How is the strength of the pes anserinus musculature manually muscle tested?

Resistance to knee flexion and internal rotation of the lower leg

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the adverse effects of immobilization on body systems and tissues?

Resting heart rate increases approximately 1/2 beat per minute each day of immobilization

During a preparticipation physical examination, what should the team physician and athletic trainer do jointly?

Review each examination for the final approval to participate

The drop arm test is performed to assess for what type of pathology?

Rotator cuff tear

A positive Thompson's sign is indicative of what problem?

Ruptured achilles' tendon

A lacrosse player comes limping into the athletic training room with assistance from a coach. He is holding his leg in slight hip and knee flexion. There is a large bulge in the proximal thigh. During the exam, the athletic trainer requests the athlete to extend his knee as he sits on the edge of a taping table. He is able to partially straighten his leg, although there is pain down the anterior thigh area with the attempt to move it. What does the athletic trainer suspect is wrong?

Ruptured rectus femoris muscle

When meeting with the host team's athletic trainer at the start of a softball tournament, which of the following pieces of information will assist you the most in minimizing injuries to your players?

Safe shelter in the event of a lightning delay, facility-specific emergency action plan protocols, and the host athletic trainer's cell phone number

Which test, if positive, is indicative of a torn posterior cruciate ligament?

Sag Sign

Flexion and extension of the knee joint occurs in the _________ plane around a ________ axis.

Sagittal, coronal

Which of the following groups of muscles insert into the medial aspect of the tibia just distal to the medial condyle?

Sartorius, gracilis, and semimembranosus

The pes anserinus is made up of the tendons of what three muscles?

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

What name is given to the fatty myelin sheath covering some nerve cells?

Schwann cells

Which observation would lead you to believe an athlete has functional as opposed to structural scoliosis?

Scoliosis is observed during erect posture and disappears during forward trunk flexion.

The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis is located where in the body?

Sole of the foot

You have chosen to use ultrasound treatment to increase tissue temperature and increase tissue extensibility on an athlete with jumper's knee. To most effectively reach the target tissue, which treatment parameters should be selected?

Select a 100% duty cycle, 3-MHz frequency, and a gel-based coupling medium.

_______ shock is a widely disseminated infection in many areas of the body, with the infection being borne through the blood from one tissue to another.

Septic

Upon evaluation of an athlete you determine that he or she has unilateral scapular winging. This is an indication of weakness of which of the following muscles?

Serratus anterior

During your evaluation of an athlete's shoulder, you notice his left scapula is "Winging" What does this indicate?

Serratus anterior weakness

In the initial phase of throwing a ball, as the shoulder girdle and arm move from a posterior retracted position to a forward, internally rotated position, what are the primary muscles responsible for moving the scapula and the arm forward?

Serratus anterior, subscapularis, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major

Absence of which of the following signs and symptoms following a hard blow to the right side of the rib cage would raise suspicion of a liver laceration?

Severe abdominal pain

Which is an early sign of hypothermia?

Shivering

When recommending a running sneaker the athletic trainer should recommend a sole that has what major qualities?

Shock absorbing and durable

An evaluation of a cross-country runner reveals that she has excessive supination bilaterally. Her coach would like to purchase shoes that most effectively address her biomechanical alignment. Which type of shoe would you recommend for this athlete?

Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate to high degree of shock absorption

An evaluation of a cross‐country runner reveals that she has excessive supination bilaterally. Her coach would like to purchase shoes that most effectively address her biomechanical alignment. Which type of shoe would you recommend for this athlete?

Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption

What is the typical mechanism of injury for an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Shoulder abduction with external rotation

What position is the "recommended" position for manually muscle testing the gluteus medius muscle?

Side lying, with the affected limb on top

Which of the following paths constitutes the normal route for conduction of electrical activity through the heart?

Sinoatrial node to atrial musculature to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to bundle branches to Purkinje's fibers to ventricular musculature

Which two body structures represent the largest changes in temperature with cold applications?

Skin and synovium

Frostbite includes which of the following signs?

Skin appears blotchy white to yellow-gray

A pole‐vaulter misses the pit and makes contact with his head against the base of the support pole. Upon initial observation, you note bleeding from a small head laceration and blood and cerebrospinal drainage from the nose and ears. What condition do you suspect?

Skull Fracture

Which of the following is not a sign of a diabetic coma?

Slow and weak pulse

Which of the following is not a sign of hypovolemic shock?

Slow and weak pulse

An athletic trainer is using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques to improve an athlete's glenohumeral joint motion. The athletic trainer positions the athlete in a supine position with the glenohumeral joint in 90° of abduction and the elbow flexed to 90°. The athlete performs a concentric contraction of the internal rotators until the end of the range is reached. The athlete then performs an isometric contraction of the external rotators. This is followed by relaxation of the shoulder musculature and then a contraction of the internal rotators concentrically to achieve a stretch. Which of the following PNF techniques is being employed?

Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation

Which ions are present in high concentration outside of a normal resting nerve cell?

Sodium and chlorine

A gymnast reports to the athletic trainer with a complaint of low back pain, which has been present for approximately 1 week. After being sent to the doctor for evaluation, a "Scottie dog" defect is seen on x‐ray. This finding confirms which condition?

Spondylolysis

After you pass the BOC exam you move to another state. What governs you athlete training practice in the state?

State medical practice act

Which of the following supplies would be most important to have in a field kit to manage an athlete with a displaced contact lens?

Sterile saline solution, mirror, and contact lens case

To test the hypoglossal nerve, the athletic trainer should request the athlete to perform what action?

Stick his or her tongue out

What type of mouth guard offers the athlete the least amount of protection?

Stock

One of the most comprehensive approaches to sports injury research involves applying the principles of epidemiology. Which of the following best describes the science of epidemiology?

Study of the distribution of diseases, injuries, or other health states in human populations for the purpose of identifying and implementing measures to prevent their development and spread

Which is true regarding noxious level pain control?

Submotor intensity

The subscapularis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts into ___________

Subscapular fossa, the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is an internal rotator?

Subscapularis

While completing a rehabilitation program, a baseball player performs resistive glenohumeral internal rotation exercises using an exercise band. As the athlete returns to the start position of the exercise and allows the exercise band to recoil, which muscle is the athlete using?

Subscapularis

Two major symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax include _________and _________

Sudden chest pain, dyspnea

Orthostatic syncope is caused by which of the following conditions?

Sudden peripheral vasodilatation

A moist heat pack offers what type of thermotherapy?

Superficial

A volleyball player has inverted and plantar-flexed her ankle. She complains of lateral ankle pain. On inspection, you note the presence of two tendons posterior to the lateral malleolus. What anatomical structures maintain these tendons in this position?

Superior and inferior peroneal retinacula

Which structure returns deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Superior and inferior vena cava

When completing a manual muscle test for the middle deltoid muscle, in what position should the athlete be placed if the athlete is unable to hold the test position against gravity

Supine, with the examiner standing caudally to the athlete

The empty can test assesses for what type of pathology?

Supraspinatus muscle weakness

The rotator cuff consists of the following muscles:

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres minor

An athlete has sustained a hamstring strain. Which of the following characteristics indicates the fibroplastic repair phase of the healing process for this injury?

Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue

Which of the following categories of drugs has an antagonistic effect to superficial and deep heat therapy?

Systemic vasoconstrictors

The vertebral border of the spine of the scapula normally aligns with the spinous process of which vertebra?

T3

A HIPAA disclosure authorization is included as part of your pre-participation medical paperwork. An athlete with junior standing questions having to re-sign this form because it was completed at a previous preparticipation physical. How should you best respond to this athlete?

The HIPAA disclosure authorization must be completed annually due to its expiration date.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate test to assess an athlete's agility?

The T-drill test

Which of the following most accurately determines the severity of glenohumeral joint instability?

The amount of displacement of the humeral head in relationship to the glenoid fossa

Which of the following injurious factors is the most significant determiner as to whether an athlete will sustain a first- or second-degree lateral ankle sprain?

The amount of inversion at the subtalar joint combined with plantar flexion at the talocrural joint

During the observation-inspection phase of injury assessment, it is important for the athletic trainer to gather which of the following pieces of information?

The amount of swelling or ecchymosis

An athlete with an 8-year history of epilepsy has incurred a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following situations requires you to call 911, local police, or an ambulance?

The athlete has one seizure right after another.

A soccer player lacking a shin guard has sustained a traumatic blow to the lower leg. He is unable to dorsiflex and invert the ankle. Which of the following conclusions would you make?

The athlete has sustained an injury to the anterior compartment, so integrity of the anterior tibial artery should be assessed.

An athlete sustains a head injury. During the evaluation of the athlete, the Halo test is positive. What does this indicate, and what steps should be taken to manage this injury?

The athlete is leaking cerebrospinal fluid and should be referred immediately for evaluation of possible skull fracture.

A coach approaches you with concerns that the female athletic trainer assigned to his team may be crossing professional lines with one of the male athletes. Which of the following factors should you consider in evaluating the patient-therapist relationship?

The athlete is particularly lonely and shy, and the athletic trainer is preoccupied with the athlete.

Why is it important to document an athlete's deficiencies and functional limitations in a discharge summary?

The athlete may be forced to discontinue treatment before long-term goals are achieved.

A young athlete suffers epistaxis. The bleeding has been controlled. What instructions should you give the athlete regarding continued care?

The athlete should be cautioned to refrain from blowing the nose for several hours and should avoid taking aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

An athlete with exercise-induced asthma uses his short-acting beta 2 agonist metered-dose inhaler "MDI" with spacer 10 to 15 minutes before practice. During the practice session, the athlete repeats MDI use three times. How should you best manage this athlete?

The athlete should be referred to the team physician for evaluation of current asthma treatment plan.

A physician's rehabilitation prescription states the following: Dx: 4wks s/p ACL recon US 100% qod. LE: CKC exs qd. Which of the following best illustrates correct application of the prescription?

The athlete should receive continuous ultrasound every other day and complete mini-squat exercises every day.

The volleyball team is participating in a beach volleyball tournament. The coach has given the players sunscreen with SPF 15. What does an SPF of 15 imply?

The athletes can be exposed to ultraviolet light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red.

Which of the following tests would be the most difficult to perform on the sidelines, during an athletic event, if you needed to assess an athlete for a concussion?

The balance error scoring system (BESS) test

Which of the following persons is/are required to wear a helmet during a baseball game?

The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only

You are concerned that a 12 yo figure skater who practices 3 hours a day may be demonstrating negative psychological consequences of maintaining high-intensity training for an extended period. What potential negative aspects of this training should you explain to the parents of the child?

The child may experience impaired intellectual development

A football player conditioning during a summer workout collapses. Which of the following factors aids in determining a sickling collapse?

The collapse occurs early in the workout, and the athlete's core temperature is not greatly elevated.

In setting a goal for lower-extremity rehabilitation, what is the accepted relationship between the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups?

The hamstrings should be two-thirds as strong as the quadriceps.

Prior to applying joint mobilization techniques, the clinician must consider the relative position of the articulating joint surfaces. In what anatomical position is the glenohumeral joint considered to be in a close-packed position?

The humerus is abducted to 90° and externally rotated.

Which of the following best defines hysteresis as it relates to stretching?

The inability of tissue to completely respond to successive load application forces, resulting in tissue elongation

During your examination of an athlete who has been complaining of weakness when using the rowing machine in the weight room, you notice his right latissimus dorsi muscle appears atrophied. Which nerve is affected?

Thoracodorsal

Which of the following cognitive-based relaxation strategies is geared at eliminating negative thoughts that are linked to the spiraling effects of anxiety?

Thought stoppage and reframing

During a phase of an athlete's rehabilitation program, you are emphasizing strength gains for the lower extremity. The athlete is completing a leg press exercise. Which of the following exercise protocols is most effective in increasing muscular strength?

Three to nine repetitions at a weight that is at least 90% of his one rep max

An offensive lineman exhibits lumbar hyperlordosis. Which of the following is the typical anatomical profile for an athlete with excessive hyperlordosis?

Tightened or shortened hip flexor muscles or back extensors with weakened or elongated hip extensors or abdominals

Why is an extremity dipped and dried during paraffin bath immersion treatment?

To decrease the likelihood of burns

An AED is used for what purpose?

To defibrillate the heart when an unconscious victim has no pulse

All of the following are basic functions of athletic taping and bandaging except:

To enhance the athlete's skill

What is the purpose of conducting a secondary survey on a patient?

To perform a complete head-to-toe evaluation for any injuries

An athlete reports to the athletic training room wearing a neoprene knee brace with medial and lateral supports. What is the intended purpose of this brace?

To provide additional support subsequent to a collateral ligament injury

An athlete is being treated by an occupational therapist for a boutonnière deformity. He returns from his visit wearing a dynamic splint. What is the purpose of this type of splint?

To provide long-duration tension on the healing structure

What is the role of the primary care physician in an HMO insurance program?

To provide referrals for nonemergency services

What is the primary purpose of the Achilles' tendon tape job?

To restrict the amount of dorsiflexion at the ankle

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in unconscious patients?

Tongue

What is the transformation of a chemical stimulus into an action potential?

Transduction

Following trauma, what is the initial response at the vascular level?

Transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation

The bat swing in baseball (movement of the arms) takes place in which of the following planes?

Transverse

A subluxating long head of the biceps tendon could indicate damage to which of the following?

Transverse humeral ligament

The coracoclavicular ligaments consist of the ________ and ________ ligaments.

Trapezoid, conoid

For which of the following situations would the use of universal precautions by an athletic trainer be deemed necessary?

Treating the wound of a postsurgical patient on the 3rd day

The ideal relationship between the athletic trainer and athlete is built on _____ and ____.

Trust, mutual respect

An athlete with a functionally unstable ankle is completing a neuromuscular control rehabilitation program. The athlete has completed the bilateral balancing exercises on an unstable surface with visual input. Which of the following is most appropriate to follow this exercise in the progression?

Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed

"Handlebar palsy," which occurs in cyclists, presents with motor weakness of what nerve(s)?

Ulnar

Alpine skiing world championships are scheduled in Japan. jet lag is bound to occur as a result of crossing several time zones. What should the athletic trainer recommend to the team members prior to their flight to combat the jet lag effect?

Upon arrival, adjust all training, eating, and sleeping schedules to the local time of the country in which they are competing

In what abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

Upper Right

A wheelchair basketball athlete has been diagnosed with acute carpal tunnel syndrome. In your initial rehabilitation evaluation, how should you best objectively assess strength of the involved musculature?

Use a pinch dynamometer to assess strength of the thumb-finger flexion.

An athlete reports to the athletic trainer with a deep laceration to his thigh. The cut is approximately 1inch long, and bleeding moderately. What would be the proper steps for the athletic trainer to take to treat this wound?

Use a pressure bandage to control the bleeding, keep the wound clean and free of debris, use Steri Strips for temporary closure, and apply ice and compression to the area

What is the prudent method of transporting an athlete with a suspected spinal injury?

Use a spine board with medical assistance

What is the appropriate treatment for an athlete who has sustained a rib fracture?

Use of a rib belt

One of your cross-country runners has an ongoing problem with tinea pedis. Which of the following actions should you take to assist this athlete in minimizing the problem?

Use talcum powder daily and keep his feet dry after showering

The foundational behaviors in athletic training permeate every aspect of professional practice and relate to the principle of right conduct or the common values of the professions. Which of the following is an example of a foundational behavior as identified in the NATA Educational Competencies?

Using evidence-based practice as a foundation for the delivery of health care

An athlete you have just evaluated for a possible head injury has a noticeable facial droop on the left side of his face. Which cranial nerve(s) is involved?

VII

Holding a vibrating tuning fork next to the athlete's ear to determine air conduction of sound is a test for the cranial nerve?

VIII

An athlete receives a head injury during a soccer game. While performing the on-field evaluation, the athletic trainer notices that the athlete has a hearing defect after testing for air and bone conduction using a tuning fork. Which cranial nerve is injured?

VIII ( vestibulocochlear)

What evaluative test is used to examine the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?

Varus Stress Test

Which of the following is not an effect of cryotherapy?

Vasodilation

What three systems contribute to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium by controlling the body's center of gravity over its base of support?

Vestibular, oculomotor, and somatosensory

What is the resistance of fluid to flow?

Viscosity

An athlete's pulmonary function is tested via spirometry. Several measurements are taken during this test. VVhat is the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration called?

Vital capacity

A female gymnast is complaining of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as irritability, anxiety, depression, and bloating. Which of the following vitamins might be helpful in alleviating these symptoms?

Vitamin B6

A middle‐distance runner suffers from exercise‐induced asthma. Which of the following environments is most likely to reduce the intensity and number of episodes of wheezing during activity?

Warm and moist

Which electrical measurement is identified as volts times amps?

Watts

Osteoporosis is a condition that predominantly afflicts older women. Which of the following factors decreases the chance of developing this condition?

Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake

After completing a patient history and range‐of‐motion assessment, the athletic trainer is concerned that the athlete's pain may be related to vertebral disc damage. Which of the following groups of special tests would best assist the athletic trainer in ruling out this pathology?

Well straight leg raise test, Kernig-Brudzinski test, and Valsalva's maneuver

Which of the following is an example of professional enculturation?

When an athletic training student attends the state athletic trainer's association annual meeting

When performing cardiac auscultations, which of the following findings would necessitate referral to a physician for further evaluation?

When auscultating over the mitral valve, you note turbulent blood flow or valvular vibration during systole and diastole.

In which of the following situations should the athletic trainer refer an athlete to an outside health-care provider rather than continue to treat the athlete?

When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than the athlete

An athlete is suspected of having a corneal abrasion.Which of the following questions would give you the most information to confirm your evaluative conclusion?

When you close your eyelid, do you feel like you have something rubbing in your eye?

A field hockey player sustains a noncontact lateral patellar dislocation during play. What is the accepted method for on-field reduction of this dislocation?

With the athlete seated, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the medial direction while the athlete actively extends the knee.

An athlete ruptures the extensor tendon dorsal to the middle phalanx of the index finger of his right hand. How should this best be splinted?

With the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joints

Which of the following is a simple movement to check the integrity of the radial nerve?

Wrist extension

What medication is often used for anxiety or panic attacks?

Xanax

Which orthopedic special test is performed with the examiner resisting glenohumeral external rotation and forearm supination, and what findings constitute a positive test?

Yergason's test; pain or snapping in the bicipital groove

A football helmet should be removed only under which of the following circumstances?

You cannot gain adequate access to the airway

Which of the following is not a component of a primary survey? a. Check for sensations of numbness, tingling, or burning b. Check surroundings and environment c. Check athlete for ABC d. Check for severe bleeding e. Check surroundings and environment and check for severe bleeding

a. Check for sensations of numbness, tingling, or burning

At the secondary school level, the athletic training student should be involved in the educational efforts involving blood-borne pathogens. These educational items should include all of the following except: a. Education on the availability of herpes testing b. Education/training in the use of universal precautions and wound care c. Education on access to hepatitis B virus (HBV)vaccinations and testing d. Education of parents and guardians regarding the students' risk of infection e. Education on the modes of infection and risk of infection from the athletes they care for

a. Education on the availability of herpes testing

All of the following movements occur in the sagittal plane except: a. Hip abduction b. Shoulder flexion c. Knee extension d. Hip flexion e. Elbow flexion

a. Hip abduction

With ice application during the initial care of an acute injury, all of the following occur except: a. Increased metabolism in the area b. Inhibition of the hypoxic response c. Disruption of the pain/spasm cycle d. Reduction of edema e. Decreased nerve conduction

a. Increased metabolism in the area

With ice application during the initial care of an acute injury, all of the following occur except: a. Increased metabolism in the area b. Inhibition of the hypoxic response c. Disruption of the pain/spasm cycle d. Reduction of edema e. Decreased nerve conduction

a. Increased metabolism in the area Correct

All of the following symptoms should alert the athletic trainer to serious pathology that requires immediate referral to a physician except : a. Itchy skin, especially when it involves areas on the feet and toes b. Painful urination c. Unexpected weight loss d. Night pain e. Palpable lump in the breast or axilla

a. Itchy skin, especially when it involves areas on the feet and toes

When evaluating the inert structures of a joint, passive range of motion is used to determine all of the following except: a. The athlete's willingness to move b. Limitations of joint motion c. joint stability d. Muscle elasticity e. Soft tissue elasticity

a. The athlete's willingness to move

Which of the following is not a cause of a weight training injury? a. The use of a "spotter" b. Barbell or platform defects c. Poor technique d. Not properly warming up before lifting weights e. C and D

a. The use of a "spotter"

Which of the following bones is not a carpal bone of the wrist? a. Lunate b. Cuneiform c. Hamate d. Pisiform e. Scaphoid

b. Cuneiform

An athlete comes to the athletic training room with what appears to be a tick embedded in his lower leg. The athletic trainer should instruct the athlete not to do which of the following? Select one: a. Keep the area clean and free of other debris b. Pull the tick off with tweezers c. Cover the tick with mineral oil d. Put fingernail polish remover onto its body e. All of the above Incorrect

b. Pull the tick off with tweezers

All of the following are true when fitting shoulder pads except: a. Axillary straps should not be very tight but just enough to be snug around the chest to keep the shoulder pads in place b. Shoulder pads should stop at the midsternum c. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint should have a channel of foam padding d. Lateral flaps should cover down to the deltoid tuberosity e. The neck opening must allow the athlete to raise the arm overhead, but not allow the pad to shift Feedback

b. Shoulder pads should stop at the midsternum

For which of the following injuries would the use of a hard-shell pad be appropriate? a. Cover a large skin infection b. A toe injury c. A painful contusion d. Plantar fasciitis

c. A painful contusion

All of the following are signs/symptoms of anaphylactic shock except: a. Development of rash or hives b. Wheezing sounds coming from the chest c. An increase in blood pressure d. Rapid, weak pulse e. AandD

c. An increase in blood pressure

All of the following questions are significant when screening a young athlete for an underlying cardiac abnormality except: a. Does the athlete have chest pain with activity? b. Does the athlete have a family history of sudden cardiac death in a family member under age 50? c. Does the athlete have numbness or tingling in either or both hands in cold weather? d. Does the athlete have a history of a "racing heart?" e. Does the athlete have a previous history of heart problems?

c. Does the athlete have numbness or tingling in either or both hands in cold weather?

All of the following free-weight exercises require one or more spotters except: a. Free-weight exercise in which the bar passes over the face b. Free-weight exercise in which a bar moves over the head c. Free-weight exercise in which a bar curls up in front of the chest d. Free-weight exercise in which the bar is positioned on the back e. Free-weight exercise in which the bar moves over the chest

c. Free-weight exercise in which a bar curls up in front of the chest

Which of the following is not a neural effect of resistance training? a. Increased motor unit activation and recruitment b. Increased discharge frequency of motorneurons c. Increased muscle capillary density d. Decreased neural inhibitions e. Increased neuromuscular efficiency

c. Increased muscle capillary density

When using an ice pack at home to decrease pain and swelling of an injured limb, what should the athletic trainer recommend to the athlete to prevent a cryotherapy injury? a. Add acetone to the ice at a 3:1 ratio b. Keep the injured limb elevated while using ice c. Place a damp towel between the athlete's skin and the ice pack d. Leave the ice pack on the body part between 20 to 40 minutes at a time e. All of the above Incorrect

c. Place a damp towel between the athlete's skin and the ice pack

One of your athletes has been diagnosed with psoriasis. All of the following medications are appropriate for treatment of this condition except: a. Aristocort b. Kenalog c. Topicort d. Betadine e. AandB

d. Betadine

All of the following are true about infectious mononucleosis except: a. The attack rate is highest between 15 to 25 years olds b. The virus is excreted in saliva c. The primary symptom is low back pain d. It is caused by transmission of the EpsteinBarr virus e. It causes splenomagaly in over half of all cases

c. The primary symptom is low back pain

While assisting an athlete in stretching exercises, the athletic trainer should follow some guidelines. Which one of the following is not true? a. The athlete should be relaxed b. The stretch should be stopped when the athlete reports mild discomfort Incorrect c. The stretch should be unilaterally administered d. The body part should be stretched for up to 30 seconds e. All of the above

c. The stretch should be unilaterally administered

In which of the following orders does an athlete experience these sensations during cryotherapy?

cold, burning, aching, analgesia

A second‐degree burn will have which of the following characteristics? a. A raised, reddened appearance b. A white, mottled appearance c. A blackened, hard appearance d. A reddened area with blisters e. Blanched, shiny appearance

d. A reddened area with blisters

An athlete with a skull fracture will have which of the following? a. Battle's sign b. Raccoon eyes c. Tenderness in the hard palate d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Extrinsic risk factors of athletic injury include which of the following? a. Training errors b. Poor or inappropriate coaching c. Improper technique d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The athletic trainer should do which of the following when dealing with an athlete with heat exhaustion? a. Administer cool fluids b. Remove unnecessary clothing c. Move to a cool place d. All of the above

d. All of the above

When exercising in cold temperatures, what should be done by the athlete to prevent hypothermia? a. Keep his or her clothes dry b. Warm up exercises and remain active c. Wear warm clothing d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Why is it important for an athlete to follow a varied diet that reflects the food pyramid? a. The athlete will maintain a healthy appetite b. Vitamin toxicity will be avoided c. Strict vegetarians tend to become anemic d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

The athletic trainer should do which of the following when dealing with an athlete with heat exhaustion? a. Administer cool fluids b. Remove unnecessary clothing c. Move to a cool place d. All of the above

d. All of the above Correct

To determine if a victim is breathing you should do all of the following except: a. Place your ear over the victim's mouth to listen for breath sounds b. Observe the chest c. Feel for the rise and fall of the chest d. Ask the athlete to say his or her name e. A and C

d. Ask the athlete to say his or her name

When an athlete reports to the athletic trainer complaining of lateral hip pain, all of the following conditions might be the source of pain except: a. Trochanteric bursitis b. Strain of the gluteus medius c. Lumbar discogenic disease d. Avulsion of the ischial tuberosity e. Strain of the tensor fasciae latae

d. Avulsion of the ischial tuberosity

Information gained during the palpation phase of the athletic trainer's initial assessment might include all of the following except: a. Presence of crepitus b. Sensory function c. Presence of a deformity d. Degree of functional movement e. A and B

d. Degree of functional movement

All of the following are functions of the liver except: a. Carbohydrate metabolism b. Detoxification of blood Incorrect c. Protein synthesis d. Detoxification of urine e. Bile production

d. Detoxification of urine

Which of the following is not included in a rehabilitation program after an injury? a. Plyometrics Incorrect b. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation c. Agility drills d. Immobilization e. Joint mobilizations

d. Immobilization

During exercise, the body's oxygen stores are greatly diminished. The recovery 02 is used for all the following except: a. Replacing 02 dissolved in tissue fluids b. Returning muscle myoglobin to resting values c. Increasing venous oxyhemoglobin to pre‐exercise levels d. Returning the catecholamine level in the blood to normal

d. Returning the catecholamine level in the blood to normal

A rugby player sustains a confirmed head injury during a game and had been removed from the game. All of the following are symptoms/signs of increasing intracerebral pressure that the athletic trainer should monitor except : a. Nausea and vomiting b. Pupil irregularity c. Increase in systolic blood pressure with decrease in diastolic blood pressure d. Romberg's sign e. Changes in cognition

d. Romberg's sign

Which of the following is not a sign of hypovolemic shock? a. Low blood pressure b. Rapid and weak pulse c. Shallow and extremely rapid respiration d. Slow and weak pulse e. Agitation

d. Slow and weak pulse

One method of estimating body fat has been through the use of skin-fold measurements at four sites. These four sites include all of the following except: a. Biceps b. Triceps c. Suprailiac d. Suprascapular

d. Suprascapular

Submaximal exercise tests, which evaluate physical working capacity (PWC) by measuring heart rate increases with exercise, include all of the following except: a. Progressive pulse rate test b. Harvard step test c. Cooper 12‐minute run‐walk test d. The Saltin‐Astrand V02 debt test e. None of the above

d. The Saltin‐Astrand V02 debt test

All of the following muscles are intrinsic muscles of the hand except: a. The lumbricals b. The muscles of the thenar eminence c. The interossei d. The multifidi muscles e. All of the above are intrinsic muscles of the hand

d. The multifidi muscles

Which of the following is not an effect of cryotherapy? a. Analgesia b. Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators c. Decrease in cell metabolism d. Vasodilation e. Decrease in cell permeability

d. Vasodilation

A diet that is very low in carbohydrates may result in all of the following except: a. Fatigue Incorrect b. Hypoglycemia c. Ketosis d. Very high blood pH levels e. Headaches

d. Very high blood pH levels

Athletes can prevent lower leg injuries by all of the following except: a. Stretching Incorrect b. Proper footwear c. Proprioceptive training d. Strength training e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The NATA position statement on exertional heat illness recommends which of the following? a. Ensure that the appropriate medical care is available and the rescue personnel are familiar with exertional heat illness prevention, recognition) and treatment b. Plan rest breaks to match environmental conditions and the intensity of the activity c. Weigh high-risk athletes (in high-risk conditions, weigh all athletes) before and after practice to estimate the amount of body water lost during practice and to ensure a return to prepractice weight before next practice d. Allow athletes to practice in shaded areas or use electric or cooling fans to circulate air when feasible e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The pre-event meal should be planned by whom? a. The coach b. The athlete c. The athletic trainer d. A&B e. All of the above

e. All of the above

When selecting and fitting protective gear and sports equipment, the athletic trainer should do which of the following to minimize liability? a. Buy protective gear or equipment from a reputable manufacturer b. Ensure that the individual who assembles the equipment is competent to do so c. If the athlete is wearing a cast1 brace, or other type of immobilization device, ensure that it does not violate the rules of the sport d. Ensure the equipment is not defective e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What is one of the most common symptoms of a lumbar discogenic injury? a. Dull, localized hackache b. Localized swelling with muscle guarding c. Inability to backward bend d. Sharp, radiating pain down the back of the leg e. All of the above Incorrect

e. All of the above Incorrect

Which of the following muscles does not flex the hip? a. Tensor fascia latae b. Pectineus c. Iliopsoas d. Rectus femoris e. Biceps femoris

e. Biceps femoris

Which is not a superficial heating agent? a. An Infrared lamp b. Moist heat packs c. Paraffin bath d. Warm whirlpool (immersion) e. Diathermy

e. Diathermy

All of the following symptoms are considered "red flags," requiring urgent referral to a physician, except: a. Persistent headaches b. Constant pain c. Insomnia d. Malaise, fatigue e. Hunger

e. Hunger

All of the following structures pass through the popliteal fossa except: a. Tibial nerve b. Popliteal artery c. Popliteal vein d. Common peroneal nerve e. Peroneal artery

e. Peroneal artery

Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) may be prevented by all of the following except: a. Dusting the feet daily with powder b. Completely drying feet after getting them wet, including between toes c. Wearing sandals when showering in a public facility d. Washing the feet on a regular basis e. Sharing shoes with teammates

e. Sharing shoes with teammates

During an emergency, all of the following information should be given over the telephone by the athletic trainer to emergency personnel except: a. The type of emergency b. The current status of the athlete c. Where the athlete is currently located d. The type of treatment currently being given to the athlete e. The name of the next of kin

e. The name of the next of kin

Which of the following is not part of the treatment for plantar fasciitis? a. Heel cups b. Soft orthotics c. Ultrasound d. Arch taping e. Use of a metatarsal bar

e. Use of a metatarsal bar

A football helmet bears the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment "NOCSAE" mark. What does this mark imply about the helmet?

his helmet has met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned.

What is the main function of acetylcholine?

transmits motor impulses

Which is the only therapeutic modality for which federal performance standards currently exist?

ultrasound