Bone Test Anatomy
3 major kinds of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
4 classifications of bones
long, short, flat, and irregular bones
bones are forced out of normal position
dislocation
How many bones are in the human body?
206
pectoral girdle (scapula and clavilcle) connects upper limbs and the pelvic girdle connecting lower limbs
appendicular skeleton
inflammation of joints
arthiritis
skull, vertebral column, thorax (12 pairs or ribs and sternum)
axial skeleton
contain passageways for...
blood vessels and nerves
most numerous inorganic substance found in bone
calcium phosphate
unite 2 bones by cartilage; lack a joint cavity (for example: ribs connected to sternum by hyaline cartilage, pubis symphysis connected with fibrocartilage
carliginous joints
cartilage is overworked and tears; cartialge cant repair itself; must be removed by arthroscopic surgery
cartilage injury
intercellular material of bone tissue is largely ...... that make bone harder
collagen and inorganic salts
thin plates of periosteum cover ..... and endosteum cover ....
compact bone and spongy bone
broken bone pertrudes through skin
compound fracture
bone is crushed
compression fracture
parts of a long bone
epiphyses, diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, endosteum
connected by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity; capable of little or no movement (for example: joint between tibia and fibula OR sutures between flat bones in skull)
fibrous joints
bones provide what for our body?
framework
bone breaks incompletely
greenstick fracture
provide a sight for...
hematopoiesis (blood cell transformation)
broken bones are forced into 1 another
impacted fracture
bones store...
inorganic salts such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus
union of 2 or more bones
joint
bones are the what of the skeletal system?
organs
associated with aging process and can affect any joint; cartilage of the affected joint is gradually worn down, eventually causing bone to rub against bone
osteoarthiritis
both membranes (endosteum and periosteum) contain ..... and .....
osteoblasts (bone builders) and osteoclasts (bone destroyers)
bone cells are known as...
osteocytes
softening of adult bone due to vitamin D deficiency and insufficent calcium in the diet; weight bearing bones may fracture or bend; reffered to Rickets in children
osteomalacia
bones become extremely porous; bones break easily and heal slowly; bone is no longer replaced as quickly as it is removed
osteoporosis
bone disorders
osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and arthiritis
bones provide ... for muscles
point of attachment
found in void spaces of spongy bone; produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
red marrow
autoimmune disease in which the bodys immune system attacks itself
rheumatoid arthiritis
bone breaks and doesnt penetrate skin
simple fracture
protect and support what in the body?
softer tissues such as skull, vertebrae, and ribs
ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn (strain- stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon)
sprain
common joint injuries
sprains, cartilage injuries, dislocations
articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containing cavity; freely moveable joints
synovial joints
2 types of bone marrow
yellow and red
primarily fills shaft of long bone; consists mostly of fat cells (adipose tissue); serves as energy reserve; can be converted to red bone marrow
yellow marrow